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| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1915|7|30}}
| birth_place = Madras, [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br>(now [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2001|12|28|1915|7|30}}
| death_place = Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| residence =
| father = [[T. G. Raghavachari]]
| nationality = [[Indian nationality|Indian]]
| fields = {{ublist | [[Natural product chemistry]] }}
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| awards = {{ublist | 1960 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] | 1975 [[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]] Meghanad Saha Medal | 1986 [[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]] Golden Jubilee Commemoration Medal | 2000 [[Chemical Research Society of India|CRSI]] Lifetime Achievement Award }}
}}
'''Tuticorin Raghavachari Govindachari''' [[Indian National Science Academy|FNA]], [[Indian Academy of Sciences|FASc]] (1915–2001), popularly known as '''TRG''', was an Indian natural product chemist, academic, institution builder and the principal of [[Presidency College, Chennai]].<ref name="A Tribute to Prof. T. Govindachari">{{cite journal | url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/a/ark/5550190.0002.801?rgn=main;view=fulltext | title=A Tribute to Prof. T. Govindachari | publisher=Archive for Organic Chemistry | date=2005 | doi=10.3998/ark.5550190.0002.801 | access-date=5 November 2016| last1=Nagarajan | first1=K. | journal=Arkivoc | volume=2001 | issue=8 | pages=1–8 | doi-access=free | hdl=2027/spo.5550190.0002.801 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> He was known for his studies on the synthesis of isoquinolines and phenanthridines and his contributions in elucidating the structure of several plant constituents.<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=274 | title=Brief Profile of the Awardee | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | access-date=5 October 2016}}</ref> He was an elected fellow of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]]<ref name="Fellow profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Govindachari,_Dr_Tuticorin_Raghavachari | title=Fellow profile | publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences | date=2016 | access-date=5 November 2016}}</ref> and the [[Indian National Science Academy]]<ref name="Deceased fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N59-0293 |title=Deceased fellow |date=2016 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=5 November 2016}}</ref> and was the nominator of [[Robert Burns Woodward]] who won the 1965 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]].<ref name="Nomination Database">{{cite web | url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show.php?id=18957 | title=Nomination Database | publisher=Nobel Media AB | date=2014 | access-date=5 November 2016}}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1960, for his contributions to chemical sciences, making him the first recipient of the award in the chemical sciences category.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | access-date=5 October 2016}}</ref>
== Biography ==
Govindachari was born on 30 July 1915 to [[T. G. Raghavachari|Tuticorin Raghavachari]] and his wife Rajalakshmi in [[Chennai]] (then known as Madras) in the south Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="In memoriam – T. R. Govindachari (1915–2001)">{{cite journal | url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/jan252002/219.pdf | title=In memoriam – T. R. Govindachari (1915–2001) | author=K. Nagarajan | journal=Current Science | date=January 2002 | volume=82 | issue=2}}</ref> Graduating from [[Presidency College, Chennai]] in chemistry, he continued at the institution for his master's degree for which he studied under B. B. Dey, his topic of research being [[isoquinolines]].<ref name="Tuticorin Raghavachari Govindachari - A Tribute">{{cite journal | url=http://www.arkat-usa.org/get-file/20453/ | title=Tuticorin Raghavachari Govindachari - A Tribute | author=Nagarajan | journal=Arkivoc | year=2001 | volume=VIII | pages=1–8 | issn=1424-6376}}</ref> After completing his master's degree, he enrolled for PhD, again under D. D. Dey at the same institution, and secured the degree from [[Madras University]] while working as an assistant to his guide on a [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research|CSIR]]-funded project for the production of dye and drug intermediates by electrolytic processes. Obtaining a scholarship from the Government of Madras, he went to the US in 1946 and did his post-doctoral studies at the [[University of Illinois, Urbana]] under the guidance of [[Roger Adams]], best known for lending his name to [[Adams's catalyst]] which was prepared for the first time by him in association with V. Voorhees.<ref name="The Use of the Oxides of Platinum for the Catalytic Reduction of Organic Compounds">{{cite journal | author = Voorhees, V. |author2=[[Roger Adams|Adams, R.]] | title = The Use of the Oxides of Platinum for the Catalytic Reduction of Organic Compounds | journal = [[J. Am. Chem. Soc.]] | year = 1922 | doi = 10.1021/ja01427a021 | volume = 44 | issue = 6 | pages = 1397| url = https://zenodo.org/record/1428794 }}</ref> Govindachari's stay with Adams lasted three years during which time he assisted the US scientist in [[column chromatography]], collection of fractions and their examination for the latter's investigation of the structures of [[alkaloids]] found in the various species of [[Senecioneae]].
In 1949, Govindachari returned to India and in January the next year, he joined Presidency College as an additional professor at the department of chemistry.<ref name="In memoriam – T. R. Govindachari (1915–2001)" /> He served the institution for the next thirteen years during which period, he became a professor in 1952 and the principal of the college in 1961. He superannuated from service in 1962, and after a year, he joined the Research Center of Ciba-Geigy in Mumbai in 1963 as its director. His association with the center continued till 1975 when he returned to Chennai to serve as a consultant to [[Central Leather Research Institute]] and after two years, [[Amrutanjan Healthcare|Amrutanjan]], a pharmaceutical company, assigned him the responsibility of setting up an R&D facility for them in Chennai. He headed the facility since its inception in 1977 till 1986 when the Science Foundation of [[Southern Petrochemical Industries Corporation]] entrusted him the responsibility of establishing a research centre for them. He set up the ''Centre for Agrochemical Research'' in 1987 and held its directorship till his last.<ref name="Tuticorin Raghavachari Govindachari - A Tribute" />
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== Legacy ==
[[File:Neem (Azadirachta indica) in Hyderabad W IMG 6976.jpg|thumb|235px|Neem ([[Azadirachta indica]])]]
It is reported that his involvement with the structural elucidation of [[alkaloids]] at Roger Adams' laboratory strengthened Govindachari's conviction to continue his researches along the same lines.<ref name="In memoriam – T. R. Govindachari (1915–2001)" /> Back in India, he continued working on alkaloids, [[terpenoids]] and oxygen [[Heterocyclic compound|heterocycles]] and worked on [[isoquinoline]]s, [[phenathridine]]s, [[benzophenanthridine]]s, pyridophenanthridines, dibenzoquinolizines, [[terpene]]s, [[flavone]]s, and [[furocoumarin]]s.<ref name="Deceased fellow" /> Tylophorine from ''Tylophora'' (now included in ''[[
At Presidency College, he mentored a number of research scholars which included [[Kuppuswamy Nagarajan]], N. S. Narasimhan, N. Arumugam, B. S. Thyagarajan, M. V. Lakshmikantham, K. W. Gopinath, S. Rajappa, N. Viswanathan and P. C. Parthasarathy who all went on to become notable chemists.<ref name="In memoriam – T. R. Govindachari (1915–2001)" /> During his tenure at Ciba-Geigy Research Center, the institution was reported to have examined over 10,000 plant extracts and compounds which resulted in the development of 5 drugs, including [[Nitroxazepine|Sintamil]] and Satranidazole, both already released into Indian market.<ref name="Tuticorin Raghavachari Govindachari - A Tribute" /> His investigations on [[Wedelia calendulacea]] returned the isolation of ''wedelolactone having a novel furocoumarin structure with a pterocarpan template'', which, though declared inactive during the initial tests at [[Abbott Laboratories]], later found out to have antihepatitic properties. This was subsequently confirmed by H. Wagner, a German phytochemist.<ref name="Tuticorin Raghavachari Govindachari - A Tribute" /> He established two research centres, the R&D facility for [[Amrutanjan Healthcare]] and Centre for Agrochemical Research for [[SPIC (Indian company)|SPIC]] Science Foundation and at the former, he contributed to the development of an extraction and purification process for [[Vinca alkaloids]].<ref name="He unveiled the mysteries of Neem">{{cite web | url=http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2020%20No%2012/otherstories.html | title=He unveiled the mysteries of Neem | publisher=Madras Musings | work=Vol XX No. 12 | date=October 2010 | access-date=5 November 2016}}</ref>
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* {{cite journal | title=Structure of CALYCANTHIDINE |author1=TR Govindachari |author2=K Nagarajan |author3=S Rajappa | journal=Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research | year=1962 | volume=21 | issue=9 | pages=455}}
* {{cite journal | title=Synthese von (±)-Predicentrin |author1=Ramamurthy Charubala |author2=Bantwal Ramachandra Pai |author3=Tuticorin Raghavachari Govindachari |author4=Narayana Viswanathan | journal=Chem. Ber. | year=1968 | volume=101 |issue=8 | pages=2665–68 | doi=10.1002/cber.19681010808|pmid=5683925 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Isolation of a new tetranortriterpenoid from the uncrushed green leaves of Azadirachta indica |author1=Govindachari, T. R. |author2=Malathi, R. |author3=Gopalakrishnan, Geetha |author4=Suresh, G. |author5=Rajan, S. S. | journal=Phytochemistry | year=1999 | volume=52 | issue=6 | pages=1117–19 | doi=10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00367-2|bibcode=1999PChem..52.1117G }}
* {{cite journal | title=Antifungal activity of some tetranortriterpenoids |author1=Govindachari, T. R. |author2=Suresh, G. |author3=Gopalakrishnan, Geetha |author4=Masilamani, S. |author5=Banumathi, B. | journal=Fitoterapia | year=2000 | volume=71 | issue=3 | pages=317–320 | doi=10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00155-0|pmid=10844171 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Insect antifeedant and growth regulating activities of quassinoids from Samadera indica |author1=Govindachari, T. R. |author2=Krishna Kumari, G. N. |author3=Gopalakrishnan, G. |author4=Suresh, G. |author5=Wesley, S. D. |author6=Sreelatha, T. | journal=Fitoterapia | year=2001 | volume=72 | issue=5 | pages=568–571 | doi=10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00342-7|pmid=11429258 }}
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[[Category:Indian organic chemists]]
[[Category:Tamil academics]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]
[[Category:Presidency College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Presidency College, Chennai
[[Category:University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian chemists]]
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