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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox writer
| honorific_prefix = Mahakavi
| name = Kumaran Asan
| image = Kumaran Asan 1973 stamp of India.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|18731871|04|12}}
| birth_place = Kaayikkara [[Kadakkavoor]], [[Chirayinkeezhu]], [[TrivandrumThiruvananthapuram]], [[Travancore]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1924|01|16|1873|4|12}}
| death_place = [[PallanaAlappuzha|River PallanaAlappuzha]], Travancore, [[Alappuzha|AlleppeyKerala]], Travancore
 
| occupation = Poet and writer
| nationality = Indian
| alma_maternationality = Indian
| periodalma_mater =
| genreperiod =
| subjectgenre =
| movementsubject =
| movement =
| notableworks = {{ubl|''[[Veena Poovu (poem)|Veena Poovu]]''|''Duravastha''|''Chinthavishtayaaya Seetha''|''Nalini''|''Leela''|''Chandala Bhikshuki''|''Prarodanam''|''Pushpavadi''|}}
| spouse = Bhanumathiamma
| partnerspouse = Bhanumathiamma
| partner =
| children = Prabhakaran and Sudhakaran
| relatives = {{ubl|Narayanan Perungudi (father)|Kochupennu (mother)}}
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
}}
{{Renaissance of Kerala}}
'''Mahakavi Kumaran Asan''' (Malayalam: എൻ. കുമാരൻ ആശാൻ) (12 April 18731871 – 16 January 1924) was a poet of [[Malayalam literature]], Indian social reformer and a philosopher. He was born in Forward Thiyar Caste .He is known to have initiated a revolution in [[Malayalam poetry]] during the first quarter of the 20th century, transforming it from the metaphysical to the lyrical and his poetry is characterised by its moral and spiritual content, poetic concentration and dramatic contextualisation. He is one of the [[Triumvirate poets of modern Malayalam|triumvirate poets]] of [[Kerala]] and a disciple of [[Narayana Guru|Sree Narayana Guru]]. He was awarded the prefix "Mahakavi" in 1922 by the Madras university which means "great poet".{{Refn|group=note|Asan was commonly referred to as ''Mahakavi Kumaran Asan'' (the prefix ''Mahakavi'', awarded by [[Madras University]] in 1922, means "great poet" and the suffix ''Asan'' means "scholar" or "teacher")}}
 
== Biography ==
[[Image:Asan with guru.JPG|thumb|250px|left|Kumaran Asan (standing right) with [[Narayana Guru]] (seated middle).]]
Asan{{Refn|group=note|Asan was commonly referred to as ''Mahakavi Kumaran Asan'' (the prefix ''Mahakavi'', awarded by [[Madras University]] in 1922, means "great poet" and the suffix ''Asan'' means "scholar" or "teacher")}} was born on April 12, 1873, in a merchant family belonging to the [[Ezhava|Thiyar]] community<ref name="Agrarian Class Conflict: The Political Mobilization of Agricultural Labourers in Kuttanad, South India">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=538cKfVv8ygC&q=Agrarian+Class+Conflict:+The+Political+Mobilization+of+Agricultural+Labourers+in+Kuttanad,+South+India |title=Agrarian Class Conflict: The Political Mobilization of Agricultural Labourers in Kuttanad, South India |last=Tharamangalam |first=Joseph |publisher=The University of British Columbia |year=1981 |isbn=0-7748-0126-3 |pages=38}}</ref> in Kayikkara village, [[Chirayinkeezhu taluk]], [[Anchuthengu|Anchuthengu Grama Panchaayat]]h in [[Travancore]]{{Refn|group=note|present-day [[Thiruvananthapuram]] district of [[Kerala]], [[South India]]}} to Narayanan Perungudi, a polyglot well versed in [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] and [[Tamil language]]s, and Kochupennu as the second of their nine children.<ref name="Akademi">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/Kumaranasan/Html/Kumaranasanngraphy.htm |title=Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |date=2019-03-02 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |access-date=2019-03-02}}</ref> His early schooling was at a local school by a teacher by name, Udayankuzhi Kochuraman Vaidyar, who taught him elementary [[Sanskrit]] after which he continued his studies at the government school in Kayikkara until he was thirteen. Subsequently, he joined the school as a teacher in 1889 but had to quit as he was not old enough to hold a government job. It was during this time, he studied the verses and plays of Sanskrit literature. Later, he started working as an accountant at a local wholesale grocer in 1890, the same year he met [[Shree Narayana Guru]] and became the spiritual leader's disciple.<ref name="Chronicle">{{Cite web |url=http://kanic.kerala.gov.in/index.php/cronicle |title=Chronicle |date=2019-03-02 |website=kanic.kerala.gov.in |access-date=2019-03-02}}</ref>
 
Narayana Guru's influence led Asan to spiritual pursuits and he spent some time at a local temple, in prayers and teaching Sanskrit.<ref name="Akademi" /> Soon, he joined Guru at his [[Aruvippuram]] hermitage where he was known as ''Chinnaswami'' ("young ascetic"). In 1895, he moved to [[Bangalore]] and studied for law, staying with [[Padmanabhan Palpu]]. He stayed there only until 1898 as Palpu went to England and a [[Plague (disease)|plague]] [[epidemic]] spread over Bangalore and Asan spent the next few months in [[Chennai|Madras]] before proceeding to Calcutta to continue his Sanskrit studies.<ref name="Chronicle" /> At [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], he studied at [[Tarka sastra]] at the Central Hindu College, studying English simultaneously and also got involved with the [[Bengali Renaissance|Indian Renaissance]], but his stay was again cut short due to plague epidemic.<ref name="A History of Indian Literature 1911–1956: Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy">{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&pg=PA440 |title=A History of Indian Literature 1911–1956: Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-7201-798-9 |editor-last=Das |editor-first=Sisir Kumar |edition= Reprinted |pages=306–308 |chapter=The Narratives of Suffering: Caste and the Underprivileged}}</ref><ref name="Handbook of Twentieth-Century Literatures of India">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&pg=PA184 |title=Handbook of Twentieth-Century Literatures of India |last=Natarajan |first=Nalini |year=1996 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. |isbn=0-313-28778-3 |pages=183–185 |access-date=8 February 2015}}</ref> He returned to Aruvippuram in 1900.<ref name="Chronicle" />
 
Asan was also involved with the activities of the [[Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam]] (SNDP) and became its secretary in 1904.<ref name="SNDP Yogam">{{Cite web |url=http://sndpyogam.in/sndp/ |title=SNDP Yogam |date=2019-03-03 |website=Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam |language=en |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> The same year, he founded [[Vivekodayam]], a literary journal in Malayalam, and assumed its editorship.<ref name="Das2005">{{cite book|author=Sisir Kumar Das|title=History of Indian Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sHklK65TKQ0C&pg=PA257|year=2005|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-006-5|pages=257–}}</ref><ref name="A Social History of India">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&pg=PA600 |title=A Social History of India |last=S. N. Sadasivan |publisher=APH Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=978-81-7648-170-0 |pages=600–}}</ref> Under his leadership, the magazine became a monthly from a bi-monthly.<ref name="Kumaranasan - Kerala Media Academy">{{Cite web |url=http://archive.keralamediaacademy.org/content/kumaranasan |title=Kumaranasan - Kerala Media Academy |website=archive.keralamediaacademy.org |access-date=2019-03-03 |archive-date=19 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319041347/http://archive.keralamediaacademy.org/content/kumaranasan |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1913, he was elected to the [[Sree Moolam Popular Assembly]] (Sri Moolam Praja Sabha),<ref name="Chronicle" /> the first popularly elected legislature in the history of India.<ref name="History of legislative bodies in Kerala-- Sri Moolam Praja Sabha">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaassembly.org/history/popular.html |title=History of legislative bodies in Kerala-- Sri Moolam Praja Sabha |date=2019-03-03 |website=keralaassembly.org |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> He relinquished the position at SNDP in 1919 and a year later, took over the editorship of ''Pratibha'', another literary magazine In 1921, he started a [[Roof tiles|clay tile]] factory, ''Union Tile Works'', in [[Aluva]] but when it was found that the factory was polluting the nearby palace pond, he shifted the project to a site near Aluva river and handed over the land to SNDP for building an ''Advaitashramam''.<ref name="Kumaran Asan As A Business Man">{{Cite web |url=https://www.veethi.com/articles/kumaran-asan-as-a-business-man-article-2457.htm |title=Kumaran Asan As A Business Man |website=veethi.com |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> Later, he moved to [[Thonnakkal]], a village in the periphery of [[Thiruvananthapuram]], where he settled with his wife.<ref name="Chronicle" /> In 1923, he contested in assembly election from [[Quilon]] constituency but lost to Sankara Menon.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://localnews.manoramaonline.com/kollam/local-news/2019/03/19/kollam-kumaranasan.html |title=Kumaran Aasan once contested from Kollam |date=2019-03-20 |website=Manorama |access-date=2019-03-20}}</ref>
 
Asan married Bhanumathiamma, the daughter of Thachakudy Kumaran Writer who was a in 1917.<ref name="Makers of Indian Literature. Kumaran Asan">{{cite book|author=K. M. George|title=Makers of Indian Literature. Kumaran Asan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vnpkNQEACAAJ|access-date=3 March 2019|year=1972|publisher=Sahitya Akademi.}}</ref>
 
===Death===
OnAsan Januarydied on 16, January 1924, heafter dieda by drowning,boat whennamed Redeemer, thecarrying boatcapsized hein wasthe travelingPallana capsizedriver in [[Pallana|River Pallana]]Alappuzha.<ref name="Kumaranasan Biography Kerala PSC">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pscteacher.com/2018/03/kumaranasan-biography-kerala-psc.html |title=Kumaranasan Biography Kerala PSC |date=2019-03-03 |website=pscteacher.com |language=en |access-date=2019-03-03 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044006/https://www.pscteacher.com/2018/03/kumaranasan-biography-kerala-psc.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> His body was recovered after two days and the place where his mortal remains were cremated is known as ''Kumarakodi''.<ref name="Kumarakodi - District Alappuzha, Government of Kerala">{{Cite web |url=https://alappuzha.nic.in/tourist-place/kumarakodi/ |title=Kumarakodi - District Alappuzha |date=2019-03-03 |website=Government of Kerala |language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref>
 
== Legacy ==
{{quoteboxquote box|align = left|width=21em|''Remove the bonds of your effete tradition / Or it will ruin you within your own selves,'' Excerpts from ''Duravastha'' - Kumaran Asan<ref name="Handbook of Twentieth-Century Literatures of India" />}}
[[File:Kumaranasan - handwriting from notebooks kept at Thonnakkal museum (28).jpg|thumb|Handwriting of Kumaran Asan : From the notebooks of Asan kept at Thonnakkal Asan museum]]
Kumaran Asan was one of the [[triumvirate poets of modern Malayalam]], along with [[Vallathol Narayana Menon]] and [[Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer]].<ref name="When poesy met poise on stage - Times of India">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/When-poesy-met-poise-on-stage/articleshow/50264186.cms |title=When poesy met poise on stage - Times of India |website=The Times of India |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> Some of the earlier works of the poet were ''Subramanya Sathakam'' and ''Sankara Sathakam'', which were devotional in content but his later poems were marked by social commentary.<ref name="Kumaran Asan - Indian poet">{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kumaran-Asan |title=Kumaran Asan - Indian poet |date=2019-03-03 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> He published ''[[Veena Poovu (poem)|Veena Poovu]]'' (the fallen flower) in December 1907 in ''[[Mithavadi]]'' of [[Moorkoth Kumaran]] which went on to become a literary classic in Malayalam; its centenary was celebrated in 2017 when a book, ''Veenapoovinu 100'' was published which carried an introduction by [[M. M. Basheer]] and an English translation of the poem by [[K. Jayakumar]].<ref name="Veena Poovu: still in bloom">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/lsquoVeena-Poovursquo-still-in-bloom/article14898654.ece |title=Veena Poovu: still in bloom |date=2007-12-21 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> ''Prarodanam'', an [[elegy]], mourning the death of his contemporary, friend and grammarian, [[A. R. Raja Raja Varma]], ''Khanda Kavyas'' (poems) such as ''Nalini'', ''Leela'', ''Karuna'', ''Chandaalabhikshuki'', ''Chinthaavishtayaaya Seetha'', and ''Duravastha'' are some of his other major works.<ref name="Kumaran Asan - A Biography">{{Cite web |url=http://books.sayahna.org/ml/pdf/nalini.pdf |title=Kumaran Asan - A Biography |date=2019-03-03 |website=sayahna.org |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> Besides, he wrote two epics, ''Buddha Charitha'' in 5 volumes and ''Balaramayanam'', a three-volume work.<ref name="Books and Works">{{Cite web |url=http://kanic.kerala.gov.in/index.php/books |title=Books and Works |date=2019-03-03 |website=kanic.kerala.gov.in |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref>
 
== Honours ==
In 1958, when [[Joseph Mundassery]] was the Minister of Education, the [[Government of Kerala]] acquired Asan's house in Thonnakkal and established the ''Kumaran Asan National Institute of Culture'' (Kanic), as a memorial for the poet,<ref name="Kumaran Asan National Institute of Culture">{{Cite web |url=http://kanic.kerala.gov.in/ |title=Kumaran Asan National Institute of Culture |date=2019-03-03 |website=kanic.kerala.gov.in |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> the first instance in Kerala history when the government took over a poet's property to convert it into a memorial.<ref name="The Memorial of Asan">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/ |title=The Memorial of Asan |date=2019-03-03 |website=www.keralaculture.org |language=en |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> It houses an archives, a museum and a publications division. Asan Memorial Association, a Chennai-based organization, has built a memorial at Kayikkara, the birthplace of the poet.<ref name="Asan Memorial, Kayikkara">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/ |title=Asan Memorial, Kayikkara |date=2019-03-03 |website=www.keralaculture.org |language=en |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> They have also instituted an annual award, [[Asan Smaraka Kavitha Puraskaram]], for recognising excellence in Malayalam poetry.<ref name="Asan Smaraka Kavitha Puraskaram">{{Cite web |url=http://asaneducation.com/asan_association/awards.html |title=Asan Smaraka Kavitha Puraskaram |date=2019-03-03 |website=asaneducation.com |access-date=2019-03-03 |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145952/http://asaneducation.com/asan_association/awards.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The award carries a cash prize of {{INR}}30,000 and [[Sugathakumari]], [[O. N. V. Kurup]], [[K. Ayyappa Panicker]] and [[K. Satchidanandan]] are some of the recipients of the award.<ref name="List of Awardees">{{Cite web |url=http://asaneducation.com/asan_association/awards.html#list |title=List of Awardees |date=2019-03-03 |website=asaneducation.com |access-date=2019-03-03 |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145952/http://asaneducation.com/asan_association/awards.html#list |url-status=dead }}</ref> Asan Memorial Senior Secondary School is a CBSE affiliated higher secondary school run by Asan Memorial Association.<ref name="ASAN Memorial Senior Secondary School">{{Cite web |url=http://asancbse.com/our-school.php |title=ASAN Memorial Senior Secondary School |date=2019-03-03 |website=asancbse.com |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> The [[India Post]] issued a commemorative postage stamp depicting Asan's portrait in 1973, in connection with his birth centenary.<ref name="Amrut Philately Gallery - 1973">{{Cite web |url=http://www.amrutphilately.com/gallery/index.php?yer=1973 |title=Amrut Philately Gallery - 1973 |date=2019-03-03 |website=amrutphilately.com |access-date=2019-03-03 |archive-date=14 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214071346/http://www.amrutphilately.com/gallery/index.php?yer=1973 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Commemorative and definitive stamps">{{Cite web |url=http://postagestamps.gov.in/Stamps_List.aspx |title=Commemorative and definitive stamps |date=2019-03-03 |website=postagestamps.gov.in |access-date=2019-03-03 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121210123/http://postagestamps.gov.in/Stamps_List.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Please check year 1973}}
 
==Works==
Line 69 ⟶ 70:
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1914
! scope="row" | ''[[Leela (poem)|Leela]]''<ref name="Leela">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202274&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Leela |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1970 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Thonnakkal |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306124556/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202274&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| A deep love story in which Leela leaves Madanan, her lover and returns to find him in forest in a pathetic condition. She thus realises the fundamental fact ''Mamsanibhadamalla ragam'' (true love is not carnal)<ref name="ലീലയ്ക്ക് 100 വയസ്">{{Cite web |url=https://www.azhimukham.com/leela-kumaranasan-poetry-love-renaissance-kerala/ |title=ലീലയ്ക്ക് 100 വയസ് |date=2014-10-07 |website=Azhimukham |language=ml |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1919
! scope="row" | ''[[Prarodanam]]'' (Lamentation)<ref name="Prarodanam">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202280&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Prarodanam |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1968 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Thonnakkal |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306110014/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202280&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| An elegy on the death of [[A. R. Rajaraja Varma]], a poet, critic and scholar; similar to [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]]'s [[Adonaïs]], with a distinctly Indian philosophical attitude.<ref name="Das2005" />
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1919
! scope="row" | ''[[Chinthavishtayaaya Sita]]'' (Reflective Sita) <ref name="Chindavishtayaya Seetha">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202297&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Chindavishtayaya Seetha |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1970 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Thonnakkal |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306095952/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202297&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| An exploration of womanhood and sorrow, based on the plight of [[Sita]] of [[Ramayana]].<ref name="Pati2019">{{cite book|author=George Pati|title=Religious Devotion and the Poetics of Reform: Love and Liberation in Malayalam Poetry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wueIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT93|date=18 February 2019|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-10359-6|pages=93–}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1922
! scope="row" | ''[[Duravastha]]'' (The Tragic Plight)<ref name="Duravastha">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221773&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Duravastha |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1969 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Sarada book dipo |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306134809/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221773&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| A love story depicting the relationship between Savithri, a [[Namboothiri]] heiress and Chathan, a youth from a lower caste. A political commentary on 19th and early 20th century Kerala.<ref name="Theatrical adaptation brings Kumaran Asan’s poem to life - Times of India">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/theatrical-adaptation-brings-kumaran-asans-poem-to-life/articleshow/57389965.cms |title=Theatrical adaptation brings Kumaran Asan's poem to life - Times of India |website=The Times of India |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1922
! scope="row" | ''[[Chandaalabhikshuki]]''<ref name="Chandala bhikshuki">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202294&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Chandala bhikshuki |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1970 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Thonnakkal |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306134804/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202294&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| This poem, divided into four parts and consisting of couplets, describes an untouchable beggar-woman" (also the name of the poem) who approaches Lord [[Ananda]] near [[Sravasti]].<ref name="Sadasivan2000 1">{{cite book|author=S. N. Sadasivan|title=A Social History of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&pg=PA634|year=2000|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7648-170-0|pages=634–}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1923
! scope="row" | ''[[Karuna (poem)|Karuna]]'' (compassion)<ref name="Karuna">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221817&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Karuna |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1969 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Sarada book dipo |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306121715/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221817&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| The story of Vasavadatta, a [[devadasi]], and Upagupta, a [[Buddhist]] monk.<ref name="Sadasivan2000">{{cite book|author=S. N. Sadasivan|title=A Social History of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&pg=PA681|year=2000|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7648-170-0|pages=681–}}</ref><ref name="Raveendran2002">{{cite book|author=P. P. Raveendran|title=Joseph Mundasseri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mU7zHtik0ZoC&pg=PA47|year=2002|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1535-1|pages=47–}}</ref> Tells the story of sensory attraction and its aftermath.<ref name="BoehmerBoehmer2010">{{cite book|author1=Elleke Boehmer|author2=Professor of World Literature in English Elleke Boehmer|author3=Rosinka Chaudhuri|title=The Indian Postcolonial: A Critical Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_SrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA228|date=4 October 2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-81957-5|pages=228–}}</ref>
|}
Line 118 ⟶ 119:
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1918
! scope="row" | ''[[Graamavrikshattile Kuyil]]''<ref name="Kuyil">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221808&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Kuyil |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1970 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Sarada book dipo |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044320/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221808&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1922
! scope="row" | ''[[Pushpavaadi]]''<ref name="Pushpavadi">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221782&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Pushpavadi |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1969 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Sarada book dipo |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306053511/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221782&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1924
! scope="row" | ''[[Manimaala (poem)|Manimaala]]''<ref name="Manimala">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221798&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Manimala |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1965 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Sarada book dipo |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044314/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221798&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|Poetry anthology
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1925
! scope="row" | ''[[Vanamaala (poem)|Vanamaala]]''<ref name="Vanamala">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221778&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Vanamala |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1925 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Sarada book dipo |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306123228/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221778&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|Poetry anthology
|}
Line 210 ⟶ 211:
[[Category:1924 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]
[[Category:Malayalam poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Kerala]]
Line 226:
[[Category:Scholars from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Poets infrom British India]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumaran_Asan"