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m Updating the Commons category from "Category:Border of England-Scotland" to "Category:Border between England and Scotland" to avoid a category redirect |
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{{
▲{{short description|96-mile long border between England and Scotland}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox border
| name = Anglo-Scottish
| image = File:Border of Scotland and England.jpg
| image_size = 280px
| alt =
| caption = The A1 road crossing the border between Scotland and England. Entry to Scotland is marked by three [[Flag of Scotland|Scottish saltires]] and entry into England is marked by three [[Flag of Northumberland|flags of Northumberland]].
| territory1 = {{ENG}}
| territory2 = {{SCO}}
| length = 96 miles (154 km)
| enclaves =
| established =
| establishedreason = Signing of the [[Treaty of York]]
| current = 1999
| currentreason = [[Scottish Adjacent Waters Boundaries Order 1999]]
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| disestablishedreason =
| treaties = [[Treaty of York]]<br />Treaty of Newcastle<br />[[Treaty of Union 1706]]
}}
The '''Anglo-Scottish border''' ({{
The [[Firth of Forth]] was the [[border]] between the [[Picts|Picto]]-[[Gaels|Gaelic]] [[Kingdom of Alba]] and the [[Angles (tribe)|Anglian]] [[Kingdom of Northumbria]] in the early [[10th century]]. It became the first Anglo-Scottish border with the [[History of Anglo-Saxon England#English unification (10th century)|annexation]] of Northumbria by [[Anglo-Saxon England]] in the mid-10th century. In 973, the Scottish king [[Kenneth II
▲The '''Anglo-Scottish border''' ({{Lang-gd|Crìochan Anglo-Albannach}}) is a [[border]] separating [[Scotland]] and [[England]] which runs for <span style="white-space:nowrap">96 miles (154 km)</span> between [[Marshall Meadows Bay]] on the east coast and the [[Solway Firth]] in the west.
▲The [[Firth of Forth]] was the border between the [[Picts|Picto]]-[[Gaels|Gaelic]] [[Kingdom of Alba]] and the [[Angles (tribe)|Anglian]] [[Kingdom of Northumbria]] in the early 10th century. It became the first Anglo-Scottish border with the [[History of Anglo-Saxon England#English unification (10th century)|annexation]] of Northumbria by [[Anglo-Saxon England]] in the mid-10th century. In 973, [[Kenneth II of Scotland|Kenneth, King of Scots]] attended the English king, [[Edgar the Peaceful]], at [[King Edgar's council at Chester|his council in Chester]]. After Kenneth had reportedly done homage, Edgar rewarded Kenneth by granting him [[Lothian]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Rollason |first=David W. |author-link=David Rollason |title=Northumbria, 500 – 1100: Creation and Destruction of a Kingdom |year=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0521813352 |page=275}}</ref> Despite this transaction, the control of [[Lothian#Lothian under the control of the Angles|Lothian]] was not finally settled and the region was taken by the Scots at the [[Battle of Carham]] in 1018 and the [[River Tweed]] became the ''[[de facto]]'' Anglo-Scottish border. The Solway–Tweed line was legally established in 1237 by the [[Treaty of York]] between England and Scotland.<ref>{{cite web|title=Scotland Conquered, 1174-1296|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/utk/scotland/conquered.htm|publisher=The National Archives|access-date=19 May 2012}}</ref> It remains the border today, with the exception of the [[Debatable Lands]], north of [[Carlisle, Cumbria|Carlisle]], and a small area around [[Berwick-upon-Tweed]], which was [[Capture of Berwick (1482)|taken by England]] in 1482. Berwick was not fully annexed into England until 1746, by the [[Wales and Berwick Act 1746]].<ref name="BlackstoneStewart1839">{{cite book|last1=Blackstone|first1=William|last2=Stewart|first2=James|title=The rights of persons, according to the text of Blackstone|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fdoDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA92|year=1839|publisher=Edmund Spettigue|page=92}}</ref>
For centuries until the [[Union of the Crowns]], the region on either side of the boundary was a lawless territory suffering from the repeated raids in each direction of the [[Border Reivers]]. Following the [[Treaty of Union 1706]], ratified by the [[Acts of Union 1707]], which united Scotland with [[England and Wales]] to form the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]], the Border forms the boundary of the two legal [[jurisdiction (area)|systems]] as the treaty between Scotland and England guaranteed the continued separation of [[English law]] and [[Scots law]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Collier|first=J.G.|title=Conflict of Laws|year=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-78260-0|pages=6|url=http://assets.cambridge.org/052178/2600/sample/0521782600ws.pdf|quote=For the purposes of the English [[conflict of laws]], every country in the world which is not part of [[England and Wales]] is a foreign country and its foreign laws. This means that not only totally foreign independent countries such as France and [[Russia]]... are foreign countries but also [[British Overseas Territories|British Colonies]] such as the [[Falkland Islands]]. Moreover, the other parts of the United Kingdom—Scotland and Northern Ireland—are foreign countries for present purposes, as are the other [[British Islands]], the [[Isle of Man]], [[Jersey]], and [[Guernsey]].}}</ref> The [[age of marriage]] under [[Scots law]] is 16, while it is 18 under [[English law]]. The border settlements of [[Gretna Green]] to the west, and [[Coldstream]] and [[Lamberton, Berwickshire|Lamberton]] to the east, were convenient for [[elope]]rs from England who wanted to marry under Scottish laws, and marry without publicity.
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====Northumberland====
[[File:Geograph-3999506 Kershope Bridge over Kershope Burn on the Anglo-Scottish Border.jpg|thumb|Kershope Bridge over [[Kershope Burn]]. Northumberland is to the left and the Scottish Borders to the right]]
{{main|Northumberland}}
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
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[[File:Welcome to Scotland sign A1 road.jpg|right|thumb|A sign marking entry to Scotland on the [[A7 road (Great Britain)|A7]], on the border of [[Dumfries and Galloway]]]]
[[File:Scotland Welcomes You^ - geograph.org.uk - 7129.jpg|right|thumb|A sign marking entry to Scotland at [[Gretna, Dumfries and Galloway|Gretna]], on the border of [[Dumfries and Galloway]]]]
[[File:Coldstream Bridge02 2000-01-03.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Coldstream Bridge|bridge]] over the [[River Tweed|Tweed]] at [[Coldstream]]]]
====Dumfries and Galloway====
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* Robb, Graham (2018) ''The Debatable Land: The Lost World Between Scotland and England'', Picador
* Robson, Eric (2006) ''The Border Line'', Frances Lincoln Ltd.
* [[Walter Shaw Sparrow|Sparrow, W. S.]] and Crockett, W. S. (1906). ''[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/31678 In the Border Country]'', Hodder & Stoughton, London
==External links==
{{EB1911 poster|Borders, The|The Borders}}
{{commons category-inline|Border
* [http://www.hodgson-clan.net/border-clans-and-american-migration.htm The Border Clans and their Emigration to America] at Hodgson Clan
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DqZYsckBwI&ab_channel=JayForeman The world's oldest border?], from [[Jay Foreman (comedian)|Jay Foreman]]'s "Map Men" series
{{Geography of Scotland}}{{Borders of the United Kingdom}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anglo-Scottish Border}}
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[[Category:Scots law]]
[[Category:1237 establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:
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