IBM AIX: Difference between revisions

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Versions: Secure Boot is about UEFI's Secure Boot; I don't think those machines use UEFI.
add x86 os (for PS/2 AIX)
 
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| logo = IBM AIX logo (2021).svg
| logo size = 200px
| screenshot = IBM AIX screenshot.Png
| caption =
| caption = Screenshot of IBM AIX version 7.3
| developer = [[IBM]]
| source_model = [[Closed source]]; formerly [[source available]]
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| family = [[Unix]] ([[UNIX System V|System V]])
| released = {{Start date and age|1986|02}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://community.ibm.com/community/user/power/blogs/prenessa-lowery1/2021/01/26/35-years-of-innovation|title=35 Years of Innovation|author=Prenessa Lowery|publisher=IBM|date=2021-02-23|access-date=2021-02-24|archive-date=March 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311182158/https://community.ibm.com/community/user/power/blogs/prenessa-lowery1/2021/01/26/35-years-of-innovation|url-status=live}}</ref>
| latest_release_version = 7.3 TL2<ref name="AIX73TL2">{{Cite web |date=November 2023 |title=AIX 7.3 Release Notes|url=https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.3?topic=aix-release-notes |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=www.ibm.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
| latest_release_version = 7.3 TL1
| latest_release_date = {{Release date and age|2023|11}}
| latest_release_date = {{Release date and age|2022|12|2}}<ref name="AIX73TL1">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-11 |title=IBM AIX 7.3 TL1, IBM AIX 7.2 TL5, IBM AIX 7 Standard Edition, IBM AIX 7 Enterprise Edition 1.9, IBM Private Cloud Edition 1.9, and IBM Private Cloud Edition 1.9 with AIX 7 have been updated and enhanced |url=https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/ShowDoc.wss?docURL=/common/ssi/rep_ca/7/897/ENUS222-277/index.html |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=www.ibm.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
| marketing_target = [[Computer workstation|Workstation]], [[Server (computing)|Server]]
| programmed_in = [[C (programming language)|C]]
| updatemodel =
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}}
{{History of IBM mainframe operating systems|unix}}
'''AIX''' ('''Advanced Interactive eXecutive''', pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˌ|eɪ|.|aɪ|.|ˈ|ɛ|k|s|}}, {{respell|ay|eye|EKS}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tehtable.wordpress.com/2010/01/29/unix-pronunciation|title=Unix Pronunciation|date=January 29, 2010|website=wordpress.com|access-date=November 18, 2011|archive-date=October 28, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028130600/http://tehtable.wordpress.com/2010/01/29/unix-pronunciation/|url-status=live}}</ref> "ay-eye-ex") is a series of [[Proprietary software|proprietary]] [[Unix]] [[operating system]]s developed and sold by [[IBM]] since 1986. The name stands for several"Advanced ofInteractive itseXecutive". computerCurrent versions are designed to work with [[Power ISA]] based [[Server (computing)|server]] and [[workstation]] computers such as IBM's [[IBM Power Systems|Power]] platformsline.
 
== Background ==
Originally released for the [[IBM RT PC]] [[Reduced instruction set computer|RISC]] [[workstation]] in 1986, AIX has supported a wide variety of hardware platforms, including the IBM [[IBM RS/6000|RS/6000]] series and later [[IBM Power microprocessors|Power]] and [[PowerPC]]-based systems, [[IBM System i]], [[System/370]] mainframes, [[IBM Personal SystemPS/2|PS/2]] personal computers, and the [[Apple Network Server]]. It is currently supported on [[IBM Power Systems]] alongside [[IBM i]] and [[Linux]].
 
AIX is based on [[UNIX System V]] with [[4.3BSD]]-compatible extensions. It is certified to the UNIX 03 and UNIX V7 marks of the [[Single UNIX Specification]], beginning with AIX versions 5.3 and 7.2 TL5 respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/ibm.htm|title=IBM Corporation Registered Products by Product Standard|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Open Group|archive-date=January 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123205634/https://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/ibm.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Older versions were previously certified to the UNIX 95 and UNIX 98 marks.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030802103246/http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/|url=http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/|title=The Open Brand - Register of Certified Products|date=2003-07-23|archive-date=2003-08-02|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Open Group}}</ref>
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==History==
[[File:IBM RS6000 AIX File Servers IBM.COM 1998.jpeg|thumb|[[IBM]] [[RS/6000]] AIX file servers used for ''ibmIBM.com'' in the 1990s]]
[[File:IBM AIX 4 Login Prompt.jpeg|thumb|AIX Version 4 console login prompt]]
 
Unix started life at [[AT&T Corporation|AT&T]]'s [[Bell Labs]] research center in the early 1970s, running on [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] [[minicomputer]]s. By 1976, the operating system was in use at various academic institutions, including [[Princeton University|Princeton]], where Tom Lyon and others ported it to the S/370, to run as a guest OS under [[VM (operating system)|VM/370]].<ref name="johnsonport">{{cite journal |title=Portability of C Programs and the UNIX System |first1=Stephen C. |last1=Johnson |author-link1=Stephen C. Johnson |first2=Dennis M. |last2=Ritchie |author-link2=Dennis Ritchie |journal=Bell System Technical Journal |volume=57 |issue=6 |year=1978 |pages=2021–2048 |url=https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/portpap.pdf |doi=10.1002/j.1538-7305.1978.tb02141.x |s2cid=17510065 |access-date=August 4, 2015 |archive-date=December 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218212919/https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/portpap.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> This port would later grow out to become [[Amdahl UTS|UTS]],<ref>{{Citation
| first = Lars
| last = Poulsen
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| url-status = live
}}</ref>
IBM's own involvement in Unix can be dated to 1979, when it assisted Bell Labs in doing its own Unix port to the 370 (to be used as a [[Software build|build host]] for the [[5ESS switch]]'s software). In the process, IBM made modifications to the [[TSS/370]] [[hypervisor]]Resident Supervisor to better support Unix.<ref name="att-s370-unix">{{cite journal |title=A UNIX System Implementation for System/370 |first1=W. A. |last1=Felton |first2=G. L. |last2=Miller |first3=J. M. |last3=Milner |journal=AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal |year=1984 |volume=63 |issue=8 |url=https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/otherports/ibm.pdf |access-date=September 1, 2015 |archive-date=June 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611114653/https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/otherports/ibm.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
It took until 19851984 for IBM to offer its own Unix on the S/370 platform, IXVM/370IX, which was developed by [[Interactive Systems Corporation]] using Unix System III as its base. VM/IX (and the modified version of VM/370 it required) was not a General Availability product; it was only obtainable as a PRPQ. In 1985, VM/IX was replaced by IBM IX/370, which was a GA product intended by IBM to compete with Amdahl UTS.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=Computerworld |date=February 18, 1985 |title=Users: new life for VM |page=11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iwX8vVdMAckC&pg=PA11 |first=John |last=Gallant |access-date=February 3, 2015 |archive-date=May 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517120151/https://books.google.com/books?id=iwX8vVdMAckC&pg=PA11 |url-status=live }}</ref> IX/370 which was based on AT&T's Unix/360 6th Edition port (which only ran on [[TSS/370]] as a time-share application), was updated to Unix System 5 and modified by IBM to run as a VM/370 guest OS. The IX/370 operating system offered special facilities for interoperating with [[PC/IX]], Interactive/IBM's version of Unix for [[IBM PC compatible]] hardware, and was licensed at $10,000 per sixteen concurrent users.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=Computerworld |date=February 18, 1985 |title=Software steals 3090's thunder: VM gets XA version; Unix fully supported |pages=1, 8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iwX8vVdMAckC&pg=PA8 |first=John |last=Gallant |access-date=February 3, 2015 |archive-date=May 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516190722/https://books.google.com/books?id=iwX8vVdMAckC&pg=PA8 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
AIX Version 1, introduced in 1986 for the [[IBM RT PC]] [[workstation]], was based on [[UNIX System V]] Releases 1 and 2. In developing AIX, IBM and [[Interactive Systems Corporation]] (whom IBM contracted) also incorporated source code from 4.2 and 4.3 [[Berkeley Standard Distribution|BSD]] UNIX.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://notes.technologists.com/notes/2017/03/08/lets-start-at-the-very-beginning-801-romp-rtpc-aix-versions/|title=Let’s start at the very beginning… 801, ROMP, RT/PC, AIX versions|website=Notes.technologists.com|date=8 March 2017|access-date=5 November 2024}}</ref>
 
AIX Version 2 for the RT/PC was released in 1987.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://technologists.com/sauer/Advanced%20Interactive%20Executive%20(AIX)%20Operating%20System%20Overview.pdf|title=Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX) Operating System Overview," IBM Systems Journal 26, 4 (1987) pp. 326-345.}}</ref>
Among other variants, IBM later produced AIX Version 3 (also known as '''AIX/6000'''), based on System V Release 3, for their [[IBM POWER architecture|POWER]]-based [[IBM RS/6000|RS/6000]] platform. Since 1990, AIX has served as the primary operating system for the RS/6000 series (later renamed ''[[IBM eServer]] pSeries'', then ''[[IBM System p]]'', and now ''[[IBM Power Systems]]''). AIX Version 4, introduced in 1994, added [[symmetric multiprocessing]] with the introduction of the first RS/6000 SMP servers and continued to evolve through the 1990s, culminating with AIX 4.3.3 in 1999. Version 4.1, in a slightly modified form, was also the standard operating system for the [[Apple Network Server]] systems sold by [[Apple Inc.|Apple Computer]] to complement the [[Mac (computer)|Macintosh]] line.
 
AIX Version 3 was released in 1990 for the [[IBM POWER architecture|POWER]]-based [[IBM RS/6000|RS/6000]] platform.<ref>{{cite book | last=Misra | first=Mamata | title=IBM RISC System/6000 Technology | publisher=IBM SA23-2619-00| year=1990 }}</ref> Since 1990, AIX has served as the primary operating system for the RS/6000 series (later renamed ''[[IBM eServer]] pSeries'', then ''[[IBM System p]]'', and now ''[[IBM Power Systems]]'').
 
Among other variants, IBM later produced AIX Version 3 (was also knownreleased asfor '''AIXthe PS/6000'''),2 basedand onVM/370 System V Release 3systems, foromitting theirsome [[IBMof POWER architecture|POWER]]-based [[IBMthe RS/6000|RS/6000]] platform.components Sinceand 1990,adding AIXthe hasTransparent servedComputing asFacility thedeveloped primaryby operating[[Locus systemComputing forCorporation]]. the<ref>{{cite RS/6000web series|title=IBM (laterTAPS renamedLOCUS ''[[IBMFOR eServer]]KEY AUX UNIX pSeries''FEATURES, thenTCF ''[[IBMFILE SystemSYSTEM p]]''|date=March 16, and1988 now|url=https://techmonitor.ai/technology/ibm_taps_locus_for_key_aux_unix_features_tcf_file_system ''[[IBM|access-date=9 PowerJanuary 2024}}</ref> Systems]]''). AIX Version 4, introduced in 1994, added [[symmetric multiprocessing]] with the introduction of the first RS/6000 SMP servers and continued to evolve through the 1990s, culminating with AIX 4.3.3 in 1999. Version 4.1, in a slightly modified form, was also the standard operating system for the [[Apple Network Server]] systems sold by [[Apple Inc.|Apple Computer]] to complement the [[Mac (computer)|Macintosh]] line.
 
In the late 1990s, under [[Project Monterey]], IBM and the [[Santa Cruz Operation]] planned to integrate AIX and [[UnixWare]] into a single [[32-bit]]/[[64-bit computing|64-bit]] multiplatform UNIX with particular emphasis on running on [[Intel]] [[Itanium|IA-64]] (Itanium) architecture CPUs. A [[beta test]] version of AIX 5L for IA-64 systems was released, but according to documents released in the ''[[SCO v. IBM]]'' lawsuit, less than forty licenses for the finished Monterey Unix were ever sold before the project was terminated in 2002.<ref name="grok"/> In 2003, the [[SCO Group]] alleged that (among other infractions) IBM had misappropriated licensed [[source code]] from [[UNIX System V]] Release 4 for incorporation into AIX; SCO subsequently withdrew IBM's license to develop and distribute AIX. IBM maintains that their license was irrevocable, and continued to sell and support the product until the litigation was adjudicated.
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AIX was a component of the 2003 ''[[SCO v. IBM]]'' lawsuit, in which the [[SCO Group]] filed a lawsuit against IBM, alleging IBM contributed SCO's intellectual property to the [[Linux kernel|Linux]] codebase. The [[SCO Group]], who argued they were the rightful owners of the copyrights covering the [[Unix]] operating system, attempted to revoke IBM's license to sell or distribute the AIX operating system. In March 2010, a jury returned a verdict finding that [[Novell]], not the SCO Group, owns the rights to Unix.<ref name="Jury verdict 2010">{{cite web | url=http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20100330152829622 | title=Novell Wins Again&nbsp;— Jury Rules Copyrights Didn't Go to SCO | access-date=March 30, 2010 | date=March 30, 2010 | archive-date=May 5, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100505010433/http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20100330152829622 | url-status=live }}</ref>
 
[[File:IBM AIX logo (pre 2021)old.svg|150px|thumb|rightupright=0.75|Old logo]]
 
AIX 6 was announced in May 2007, and it ran as an open beta from June 2007 until the general availability (GA) of AIX 6.1 on November 9, 2007. Major new features in AIX 6.1 included full [[role-based access control]], [[workload partitions]] (which enable application mobility), enhanced security (Addition of AES encryption type for NFS v3 and v4), and [[Live Partition Mobility]] on the POWER6 hardware.
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|archive-date=August 5, 2010
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100805140016/http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/aix/
|url-status=livedead
}}</ref>
 
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One of the novel aspects of the RT design was the use of a [[microkernel]], called Virtual Resource Manager (VRM). The keyboard, mouse, display, disk drives and network were all controlled by a microkernel. One could "hotkey" from one operating system to the next using the Alt-Tab key combination. Each OS in turn would get possession of the keyboard, mouse and display. Besides AIX v2, the [[PICK OS]] also included this microkernel.
 
Much of the AIX v2 kernel was written in the [[PL/.8]] programming language, which proved troublesome during the migration to AIX v3.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} AIX v2 included full [[TCP/IP]] networking, as well as [[Systems Network Architecture|SNA]] and two networking file systems: [[Network File System (protocol)|NFS]], licensed from [[Sun Microsystems]], and [[Distributed Services]] (DS). DS had the distinction of being built on top of SNA, and thereby being fully compatible with DS on {{clarify|text=IBM mainframe systems|reason=which operating systems?|date=October 2021}} and on midrange systems running [[OS/400]] through [[IBM i]]. For the graphical user interfaces, AIX v2 came with the X10R3 and later the X10R4 and X11 versions of the [[X Window System]] from MIT, together with the [[Xaw|Athena widget set]]. Compilers for [[Fortran]] and [[C (programming language)|C]] were available.
 
===IBM PS/2 series===
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[[File:Aix-1.3-ps2-dt.png|thumb|AIX PS/2 1.3 AIXwindows Desktop|alt=AIX PS/2 1.3 AIXwindows Desktop]]
 
The product was announced in September 1988 with a baseline tag price of $595, although some utilities, likesuch as [[uucpUUCP]], were included in a separate Extension package priced at $250. [[nroff]] and [[troff]] for AIX were also sold separately in a Text Formatting System package priced at $200. The [[TCP/IP]] stack for AIX PS/2 retailed for another $300. The [[X Window System]] package was priced at $195, and featured a graphical environment called the '''AIXwindows Desktop''', based on [[IXI Limited|IXI's]] [[X.desktop]].<ref>{{cite magazine|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Software with a foreign flair|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAmo4wSwQJ0C&q=aix+ps/2+ixi&pg=PP7|magazine=Computerworld|publisher=IDG Enterprise|date=1990-03-26|access-date=2020-09-19|archive-date=March 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319212745/https://books.google.com/books?id=cAmo4wSwQJ0C&q=aix+ps%2F2+ixi&pg=PP7|url-status=live}}</ref> The C and FORTRAN compilers each had a price tag of $275. Locus also made available their [[DOS Merge]] virtual machine environment for AIX, which could run MS DOS 3.3 applications inside AIX; DOS Merge was sold separately for another $250.<ref>{{cite journal|title=IBM Announces Broad Range of Unix-Related Tools, Products|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bj8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA8|date=November 16, 1987|journal=InfoWorld|page=8|issn=0199-6649|access-date=May 18, 2016|archive-date=February 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227035529/https://books.google.com/books?id=Bj8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA8|url-status=live}}</ref> IBM also offered a $150 AIX PS/2 DOS Server Program, which provided [[file server]] and [[print server]] services for client computers running PC DOS 3.3.<ref name="Enterprise1988">{{cite journal|title=AIX for PS/2|journal=Computerworld: The Newsweekly of Information Systems Management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jBT4fczNvWwC&pg=PT54|date=February 22, 1988|publisher=Computerworld|page=55|issn=0010-4841|access-date=May 18, 2016|archive-date=February 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227205709/https://books.google.com/books?id=jBT4fczNvWwC&pg=PT54|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
The last version of PS/2 AIX is 1.3. It was released in 1992 and announced to add support for non-IBM (non-microchannel) computers as well.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Cate Corcoran|title=IBM announces increased support for Unix on PCs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=klEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16|date=September 28, 1992|journal=InfoWorld|pages=16|issn=0199-6649|access-date=May 18, 2016|archive-date=February 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227081052/https://books.google.com/books?id=klEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16|url-status=live}}</ref> Support for PS/2 AIX ended in March 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://os2ports.com/docs/aix/withdraw.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030428132638/http://os2ports.com/docs/aix/withdraw.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 28, 2003|title=WITHDRAWAL: IBM AIX PS/2 OPERATING SYSTEM VERSION 1.3|date=April 28, 2003}}</ref>
 
==={{anchor|AIX/370|AIX/ESA|AIX/390}}IBM mainframes===
In 1988, IBM announced '''AIX/370''',<ref name=ENUS288-130>{{cite web
|title = Advanced Interactive Executive/370 (AIX/370)
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===POWER ISA/PowerPC/Power ISA-based systems===
[[File:IBM RS6000 AIX Servers IBM.COM 1998 (1).jpeg|thumb|AIX [[RS/6000]] [[network server|servers]] running ''ibmIBM.com'' in early 1998]]
[[File:IBM RS6000 AIX Servers IBM.COM 1998 (2).jpeg|thumb|AIX [[RS/6000]] [[network server|servers]] running ''ibmIBM.com'' in early 1998]]
 
The release of AIX version 3 (sometimes called '''AIX/6000''') coincided with the announcement of the first [[POWER1]]-based IBM [[IBM RS/6000|RS/6000]] models in 1990.
 
AIX v3 innovated in several ways on the software side. It was the first operating system to introduce the idea of a [[journaling file system]], [[JFS (file system)|JFS]], which allowed for fast boot times by avoiding the need to ensure the consistency of the file systems on disks (see [[fsck]]) on every reboot. Another innovation was [[shared library|shared libraries]] which avoid the need for static linking from an application to the libraries it used. The resulting smaller binaries used less of the hardware RAM to run, and used less disk space to install. Besides improving performance, it was a boon to developers: executable binaries could be in the tens of [[kilobyte]]s instead of a megabyte for an executable statically linked to the [[C standard library|C library]]. AIX v3 also scrapped the microkernel of AIX v2, a contentious move that resulted in v3 containing no [[PL/.8]] code and being somewhat more "pure" than v2.
 
Other notable subsystems included:
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* [[PHIGS]], another [[3D rendering API]], popular in automotive CAD/CAM circles, and at the core of [[CATIA]].
* Full implementation of version 11 of the [[X Window System]], together with [[Motif (software)|Motif]] as the recommended widget toolkit and window manager.
* Network file systems: [[Network File System (protocol)|NFS]] from [[Sun Microsystems|Sun]]; AFS, the [[Andrew File System]]; and DFS, the [[DCE Distributed File System|Distributed File System]].
* NCS, the [[Network Computing System]], licensed from [[Apollo Computer]] (later acquired by [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]]).
* [[Display PostScript|DPS]] on-screen display system. This was notable as a "plan B" in case the X11+Motif combination failed in the marketplace. However, it was highly proprietary, supported only by Sun, [[NeXT]], and IBM. This cemented its failure in the marketplace in the face of the [[Open system (computing)|open system]]s challenge of X11+Motif and its lack of 3D capability.
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** [[Trusted Computing Base]] (TCB)
** Support for mirroring with striping
* AIX 4.3.3, September 17, 1999{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
** Online [[backup]] function
** [[Workload Manager]] (WLM)
** Introduction of topas utility
* AIX 4.3.2, October 23, 1998{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* AIX 4.3.1, April 24, 1998{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
** First [[Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria|TCSEC security evaluation]], completed December 18, 1998<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/2305.wss|title=IBM's AIX is First Operating System in a 64-bit Environment to Receive C2 Security Certification|date=January 18, 1999|website=www-03.ibm.com|access-date=January 12, 2015|archive-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220524/http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/2305.wss|url-status=livedead}}</ref>
* AIX 4.3, October 31, 1997{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
** Ability to run on 64-bit [[CPU design|architecture]] CPUs
** [[IPv6]]
** [[Web-based System Manager]]
* AIX 4.2.1, April 25, 1997{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
** [[Network File System (protocol)|NFS]] Version 3
** Y2K-compliant
* AIX 4.2, May 17, 1996{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* AIX 4.1.5, November 8, 1996{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* AIX 4.1.4, October 20, 1995{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* AIX 4.1.3, July 7, 1995{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
** [[Common Desktop Environment|CDE]] 1.0 became the default GUI environment, replacing the AIXwindows Desktop.
* AIX 4.1.1, October 28, 1994{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* AIX 4.1, August 12, 1994{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
** AIX Ultimedia Services introduced (multimedia drivers and applications)
* AIX 4.0, 1994
** Run on RS/6000 systems with [[PowerPC]] processors and [[Peripheral Component Interconnect|PCI]] busses.
* AIX 3.2.5, October 15, 1993{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* AIX 3.2 1992{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* AIX 3.1, (General Availability) February 1990{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
** Journaled File System ([[IBM Journaled File System 2 (JFS2)|JFS]]) filesystem type
** AIXwindows Desktop (based on [[X.desktop]] from [[IXI Limited]])
* AIX 3.0 1989 (Early Access)
** LVM ([[Logical Volume Manager (AIX)|Logical Volume Manager]]) was incorporated into OSF/1, and in 1995 for HP-UX,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://byte.com/art/9504/sec14/art2.htm |title=How HP improved the performance, reliability, and ease of use of its flagship PA-RISC operating system |first1=John |last1=Sontag |work=[[Byte (magazine)|Byte]] |date=April 1995 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961020154920/http://byte.com/art/9504/sec14/art2.htm |archive-date=October 20, 1996 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> and the Linux LVM implementation is similar to the HP-UX LVM implementation.<ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.usenix.org/conference/2001-usenix-annual-technical-conference/volume-managers-linux|title=Volume Managers in Linux|first1=David|last1=Teigland|first2=Heinz|last2=Mauelshagen|conference=2001 USENIX Annual Technical Conference|date=June 2001|publisher=[[USENIX Association]]|access-date=January 13, 2022|archive-date=January 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113055232/https://www.usenix.org/conference/2001-usenix-annual-technical-conference/volume-managers-linux|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[IBM AIX SMIT|SMIT]] was introduced.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
 
===IBM System/370 releases===
* AIX/370ESA Version 12 Release 12<ref name=ENUS288-130/>{{cite web
| title = IBM AIX/ESA Version 2 Release 2
** Announced March 15, 1988
| id = 292-711
** Available February 16, 1989
| date = December 15, 1992
** Does not run in XA, ESA or z mode
| url = https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/ShowDoc.wss?docURL=/common/ssi/rep_ca/1/897/ENUS292-711/index.html
<!-- V1R1.0? -->
| work = Announcement Letters
| publisher = IBM
}}
</ref>
** Announced December 15, 1992
** Available February 1626, 19891993
** Withdrawn Jun 19, 1993
** Runs only in S/370-ESA mode
 
* AIX/ESA Version 2 Release 21<ref>{{cite webname=ENUS292-183/>
** Announced March 1531, 19881992
** Available FebruaryJune 26, 19931992
** Withdrawn Jun 19, 1993
** Runs only in S/370-ESA mode
* AIX/370 Version 1 Release 2.1<ref>{{cite web
| title = IBM AIX/370 Version 1 Release 2.1
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** Does not run in XA, ESA or z mode
<!-- AIX/ESA V1? -->
* AIX/ESA370 Version 21 Release 1<ref name=ENUS292ENUS288-183130/>
** Announced March 3115, 19921988
** Available JuneFebruary 2616, 19921989
** Does not run in XA, ESA or z mode
** Withdrawn Jun 19, 1993
<!-- V1R1.0? -->
** Runs only in S/370-ESA mode
* AIX/ESA Version 2 Release 2<ref>{{cite web
| title = IBM AIX/ESA Version 2 Release 2
| id = 292-711
| date = December 15, 1992
| url = https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/ShowDoc.wss?docURL=/common/ssi/rep_ca/1/897/ENUS292-711/index.html
| work = Announcement Letters
| publisher = IBM
}}
</ref>
** Announced December 15, 1992
** Available February 26, 1993
** Withdrawn Jun 19, 1993
** Runs only in S/370-ESA mode
 
===IBM PS/2 releases===
* AIX PS/2 v1.3, October 1992{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
** Withdrawn from sale in US, March 1995
** Patches supporting IBM ThinkPad 750C family of notebook computers, 1994
** Patches supporting non PS/2 hardware and systems, 1993
* AIX PS/2 v1.2.1, May 1991{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* AIX PS/2 v1.2, March 1990{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* AIX PS/2 v1.1, March 1989{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
 
===IBM RT releases===
* AIX RT v2.2.1, March 1991{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* AIX RT v2.2, March 1990{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* AIX RT v2.1, March 1989{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
** X-Windows included on installation media
* AIX RT v1.1, 1986{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* AIX RT v1.0, 1985{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
 
==User interfaces==
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===Graphical===
The [[Common Desktop Environment]] (CDE) is AIX's default [[graphical user interface]]. As part of Linux Affinity and the free [[AIX Toolbox for Linux Applications]] (ATLA), open-source [[KDE Plasma Workspaces]] and [[GNOME]] desktop are also available.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
 
===System Management Interface Tool===
{{Main|IBMSystem AIXManagement SMITInterface Tool}}
[[File:Screenshot of IBM AIX SMIT Initial Menu.png|thumb|The initial menu, when running in text mode]]
[[IBM AIX SMIT|SMIT]] is the System Management Interface Tool for AIX. It allows a user to navigate a menu hierarchy of commands, rather than using the command line. Invocation is typically achieved with the command <code>smit</code>. Experienced system administrators make use of the <code>F6</code> function key which generates the command line that SMIT will invoke to complete it.
SMIT also generates a log of commands that are performed in the <code>smit.script</code> file. The <code>smit.script</code> file automatically records the commands with the command flags and parameters used. The <code>smit.script</code> file can be used as an executable shell script to rerun system configuration tasks. SMIT also creates the <code>smit.log</code> file, which contains additional detailed information that can be used by programmers in extending the SMIT system.
 
<code>smit</code> and <code>smitty</code> refer to the same program, though <code>smitty</code> invokes the text-based version, while <code>smit</code> will invoke an X Window System based interface if possible; however, if <code>smit</code> determines that X Window System capabilities are not present, it will present the text-based version instead of failing. Determination of X Window System capabilities is typically performed by checking for the existence of the <code>DISPLAY</code> variable.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
 
==Database==
'''Object Data Manager''' ('''ODM''') is a database of system information integrated into AIX,<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Object Data Manager (ODM)|url=http://sysadminexperts.com/basic-aix-course/aix-technical-topic/object-data-manager-odm|website=sysadminexperts.com|publisher=SysAdminExperts|access-date=June 18, 2016|archive-date=June 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613035746/http://sysadminexperts.com/basic-aix-course/aix-technical-topic/object-data-manager-odm/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=IBM Knowledge Center: Object data manager|url=https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/ssw_aix_71/com.ibm.aix.genprogc/odm.htm|website=ibm.com|publisher=IBM|access-date=June 18, 2016|archive-date=August 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810215310/https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/ssw_aix_71/com.ibm.aix.genprogc/odm.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> analogous to the [[Windows registry|registry]] in [[Microsoft Windows]].<ref name="Nemeth2011">{{cite book |last=Nemeth |first=Evi |title=UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0SIdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA432 |date=2011 |publisher=Prentice Hall |isbn=978-0-13-148005-6 |pages=432–437 |chapter=Chapter 13. Drivers and the Kernel |access-date=June 7, 2017 |archive-date=February 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227081710/https://books.google.com/books?id=0SIdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA432 |url-status=live }}</ref> A good understanding of the ODM is essential for managing AIX systems.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Michael|first1=Randal|title=AIX 5L Administration|date=August 2, 2002|publisher=Mcgraw-hill|isbn=9780072222555|page=150|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NS_2z4e67sQC&q=%22object+data+manager%22|language=en|access-date=November 12, 2020|archive-date=January 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123044509/https://books.google.com/books?id=NS_2z4e67sQC&q=%22object+data+manager%22|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Data managed in ODM is stored and maintained as [[Object (computer science)|objects]] with associated [[Attribute (computing)|attributes]].<ref name="globalknowledge">{{cite web|title=IBM Training White Paper: Understanding the AIX Object Data Manager|url=https://www.globalknowledge.com/us-en/resources/resource-library/white-papers/understanding-the-aix-object-data-manager/|website=globalknowledge.com|publisher=Global Knowledge|access-date=June 18, 2016|archive-date=August 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807075832/https://www.globalknowledge.com/us-en/resources/resource-library/white-papers/understanding-the-aix-object-data-manager/|url-status=live}}</ref> Interaction with ODM is possible via [[application programming interface]] (API) [[Library (computing)|library]] for programs, and [[command-line]] utilities]] such as ''odmshow'', ''odmget'', ''odmadd'', ''odmchange'' and ''odmdelete'' for [[shell script]]s and users. [[System Management Interface Tool|SMIT]] and its associated AIX commands can also be used to query and modify information in the ODM.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Frisch|first1=Æleen|title=Essential System Administration: Tools and Techniques for Linux and Unix Administration|date=August 23, 2002|publisher="O'Reilly Media, Inc."|isbn=9780596550493|page=67|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uRW8V9QOL7YC&q=%22object+data+manager%22+AIX&pg=PT91|language=en|access-date=November 12, 2020|archive-date=January 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123044336/https://books.google.com/books?id=uRW8V9QOL7YC&q=%22object+data+manager%22+AIX&pg=PT91|url-status=live}}</ref> ODM is stored on disk using [[Berkeley DB]] files.<ref name="Hein 2010 p. ">{{cite book | last=Hein | first=Trent | title=Unix and Linux System Administration Handbook, Fourth Edition | publisher=Pearson | publication-place=S.l | year=2010 | isbn=978-0-13-211736-4 | oclc=1192343222 | page=}}</ref>
 
Example of information stored in the ODM database are:
*[[Computer network|Network]] configuration<ref name=":1" />
*[[Logical volume management]] configuration{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
*Installed software information<ref name=":1" />
*Information for logical devices or [[software driver]]s{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
*List of all AIX supported devices{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
*Physical hardware devices installed and their configuration{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
*Menus, screens and commands that SMIT uses<ref name=":1" />
 
==See also==
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==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
==External links==
* [https://ibm.com/products/aix IBM AIX]
 
{{IBM}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Aix}}
[[Category:IBM operating systemsAIX]]
[[Category:Power ISA operating systems]]
[[Category:PowerPC operating systems]]
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[[Category:Object-oriented database management systems]]
[[Category:1986 software]]
[[Category:X86 operating systems]]