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{{Short description|Northeast Caucasian language}}{{Infobox language
| name = Bats
| nativename = {{lang|bbl|ბაცბა მოტტ}}<br/>{{transl|bbl|Batsba Moṭṭ}}<br>{{tlit|bbl|batsba motjiti}}
| states = [[North Caucasus]]
| region = Zemo-Alvani in [[Kakheti]]
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| mapcaption = {{legend|#54D500|Bats}}
| ethnicity = [[Bats people]]
| pronunciation = {{IPA|[batsʰba motʼː]}}<br>{{IPA|[batsbur mɔt’ː]}}
}}
'''Bats''' (''Batsbur Mott, or Batsba Moṭṭ'' ბაცბა მოტტ, {{IPA|/batsʰba motʼː/}}), also known as '''Batsbi''', Batsi, Batsb, Batsaw, or '''Tsova-Tush''') is the [[endangered language]] of the [[Bats people]], a [[North Caucasian languages|North Caucasian]] minority group living in the [[Georgia (country)|Republic of Georgia]]. Batsbi is part of the [[Nakh languages|Nakh branch]] of [[Northeast Caucasian languages]]. It had 2,500 to 3,000 speakers in 1975, with only one dialect. Batsbi is only used for spoken communication, as Bats people tend to use [[Georgian language|Georgian]] when writing.
==History==
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As in other Nakh languages, Batsbi has several [[noun class]]es (grammatical genders) that are indexed through class [[Prefix|prefixes]] on some vowel-initial verbs, adjectives, numerals, and a few other words.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Harris |first=Alice |title=Batsbi Sketch Grammar |date= }}</ref> That is, nouns themselves show no morphologically marks for gender. Gender indexing is highly complex in the language, with subject gender agreement on [[Intransitive verb|intransitive verbs]] (absolutive), but object agreement on transitive verbs. The table below shows gender agreement on verbs for three of the noun classes:
{| class="wikitable"
|+<ref name="
! rowspan="2" |Noun class
!Subject
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|-
|'''M'''
|ვაშუ
vašu
|'''ვ'''
'''v-'''
|''
|-
|'''F'''
|ჲაშუ
jašu
|'''ჲ'''
'''j-'''
|''
|-
|'''D'''
|ბადერ
bader
'''d'''-axẽ
|''The child D-left''
|-
|'''Bd'''
|ფჰჾუ
▲|დო<sup>ნ</sup>
pħu
|
|''The
|-
|
Line 1,270 ⟶ 1,277:
|-
|'''M'''
|ნანას
|დადას▼
nanas
dadas▼
|
|''
(lit. “Mother brother took”)
|-
|'''F'''
|დადას
dadas
|
|''Father'' F-''
(lit. “Father sister took”)
|-
|'''D'''
|ნანას
nanas
|ბადერ '''დ'''იკე<sup>ნ</sup>
bader '''d'''-ik’ẽ
|-
|'''Bd'''
▲|დადას
▲dadas
|ფჰჾუ '''ბ'''
pħu '''b-'''
|''
|}
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| number = 3b|უჩიტელ '''ჲ'''ა|učitʼel '''j'''-a|teacher Cl.F-is|"She is a teacher"
}}
Gender is lexicalized in a few words such as '''''v'''ašu'' ('''ვ'''აშუ “brother”) vs. '''''j'''ašu'' ('''ჲ'''აშუ “sister”),in that -''ašu'' could be translated as “sibling”.
==== Gender agreement in adjectives ====
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{| class="wikitable"
|+Adjective agreement (singular)
! rowspan="2" |Gender
(sg/pl)
!
!
!-avĩ
!-ავი<sup>ნ</sup>-avĩ▼
!-acĩ
!-აცი<sup>ნ</sup>-acĩ▼
!
!
!-acũ▼
!-აცუ<sup>ნ</sup>-▼
!-axxẽ▼
▲acũ
|-
!-ახხე<sup>ნ</sup>-▼
| -აჴჴო<sup>ნ</sup>
▲axxẽ
| -უტყი<sup>ნ</sup>
| -უყი<sup>ნ</sup>
| -ასე<sup>ნ</sup>
|-
|M (v-/b-)
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|-
|მაქ
mak
| rowspan="2" |ტივენ '''მაქ''' ბა
‘''on’''▼
| rowspan="2" |''They'' (M) ''are on the bridge''
▲|''They'' (M) ''are on the bridge''
(lit. ''bridge on they.are'')
|-
▲|‘''on’''
|-
|კიკელ
kʼikʼel
| rowspan="2" |ტივენ '''კიკელ''' ვაიხნას▼
▲|ტივენ '''კიკელ''' ვაიხნას
tʼiv-en '''kʼikʼel''' vaixnas
| rowspan="2" |''I'' (M) ''walked under the bridge''
(lit. ''bridge under I walked'')
|-
|''‘under’''
|-
|ფეხ
pex
| rowspan="2" |ნანენ '''ფეხ'''▼
‘''next to’''▼
▲|ნანენ '''ფეხ'''
nan-en '''pex'''
| rowspan="2" |''Next to mother''
(lit. ''mother next to'')
|-
▲|‘''next to’''
|-
|ჰჾათხ(ე)
ħatx(e)
| rowspan="2" |წენინ '''ჰჾათხე'''▼
‘''in front of’''▼
▲|წენინ '''ჰჾათხე'''
c’en-in '''ħatxe'''
| rowspan="2" |''In front of the house''
(lit. house in front of)
|-
▲|‘''in front of’''
|}
Note that some of the directions or states which in English and Indo-European languages are expressed via prepositions, are in Batsbi expressed via [[Locative case|locative]] cases.
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