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Muslims were marked as targets for violence.<ref name="independent-withnall-27-2-2020">{{citation|last1=Withnall|first1=Adam|title=Targeted for being Muslim|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/muslim-hindu-clashes-latest-mosque-burnt-delhi-a9361601.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227154248/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/muslim-hindu-clashes-latest-mosque-burnt-delhi-a9361601.html |archive-date=27 February 2020 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|date=27 February 2020|access-date=4 March 2020|quote=His was one of around eight homes belonging to Muslims targeted by a rampaging mob in this Delhi neighbourhood on Tuesday afternoon, picked for destruction because they sat next to a mosque in this otherwise mostly Hindu-populated neighbourhood, vandalised, looted and then gutted with fire.}}</ref><ref name=wamsley-frayer-npr-2020-2-26-1>{{citation |last1=Wamsley |first1=Laurel |last2=Frayer |first2=Lauren |publisher=NPR |title=In New Delhi, Days Of Deadly Violence And Riots |date=26 February 2020 |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/02/26/809628525/in-new-delhi-days-of-deadly-violence-and-riots |access-date=25 March 2020|quote=Hindu mobs appear to have targeted Muslims primarily – not people protesting the citizenship law.}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes-Analysis-March5">{{citation|last1=Abi-Habib|first1=Maria|title=Violence in India Threatens Its Global Ambitions|date=5 March 2020|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/world/asia/india-violence-diplomacy.html|access-date=6 March 2020|quote=But as the leaders celebrated each other in India's capital, Hindu mobs began going after Muslim protesters in neighborhoods just a few miles away while the police looked on or joined in.}}</ref> In order to have their religion ascertained, Muslim males—who unlike Hindus are commonly [[Circumcision|circumcised]]—were at times forced to remove their lower garments before being brutalised.<ref name=landrin-lemonde-2020-3-4>{{citation|last1=Landrin|first1=Sophie|title=Attaques contre les musulmans à New Delhi : " J'ai pensé que j'allais mourir " Trois jours d'attaques meurtrières perpétrées par les nationalistes hindous dans le nord de la capitale indienne laissent des vies dévastées.|work=Le Monde|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2020/03/04/attaques-contre-les-musulmans-a-new-delhi-j-ai-pense-que-j-allais-mourir_6031809_3210.html|date=4 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|quote=D’autres musulmans ont été déshabillés pour vérifier s’ils étaient circoncis, battus à mort et jetés dans les égouts à ciel ouvert de ce quartier pauvre et poussiéreux. (Other Muslims were stripped naked to check if they were circumcised, beaten to death and thrown into the open sewers of this poor and dusty neighbourhood.)}}</ref><ref name="guardian-3-6-20">{{citation|title='I cannot find my father's body': Delhi's fearful Muslims mourn riot dead|last1=Ellis-Peterson|first1=Hannah|last2=Azizur Rahman|first2= Shaikh|location=Delhi|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/how-can-i-go-back-delhi-fearful-muslims-mourn-riot-dead|date=6 March 2020|access-date=7 March 2020|quote= According to a witness, Arshad kept quiet, so the mob forced down his trousers. On seeing he was circumcised, as is common among Muslims in India, the mob instantly beat him to death. His bloodied body was later found in a gutter, his pants still around his ankles... In the aftermath, even in unaffected areas of Delhi, an exodus of Muslim families began this week, with swathes packing up their bags and returning for good to their home villages, fearing for their safety in the capital.}}</ref><ref name=wamsley-frayer-npr-2020-2-26-3>{{citation|last1=Wamsley|first1=Laurel|last2=Frayer|first2=Lauren|publisher=NPR|title=In New Delhi, Days Of Deadly Violence And Riots|date=26 February 2020|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/02/26/809628525/in-new-delhi-days-of-deadly-violence-and-riots|access-date=25 March 2020|quote=Mobs have stopped people and demanded to know their religion. 'At least one photojournalist said he was asked to remove his pants to prove his religious identity,' the BBC adds. (Circumcision is common among male adherents of Islam.)}}</ref> Among the injuries recorded in one hospital were lacerated [[genitals]].<ref name=apnews-saaliq-schmall-2020-2-28>{{citation|last1=Saaliq|first1=Sheikh|last2=Schmall|first2=Emily|title=Prayers at fire-bombed mosques as India's riot toll grows|work=Associated Press News|date=28 February 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|url=https://apnews.com/ee9be5d458ea02781505bf4bd149178a|quote=Al-Hind hospital, a small clinic with two doctors, was the nearest medical facility for many of the victims. When the riots broke out, it turned into a chaotic emergency ward, its doctors dealing for the first time with injuries such as gunshot wounds, crushed skulls, stabbings and torn genitals.}}</ref><ref name=landrin-lemonde-2020-3-4-2>{{citation|last1=Landrin|first1=Sophie|title=Attaques contre les musulmans à New Delhi : " J'ai pensé que j'allais mourir " Trois jours d'attaques meurtrières perpétrées par les nationalistes hindous dans le nord de la capitale indienne laissent des vies dévastées.|work=Le Monde|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2020/03/04/attaques-contre-les-musulmans-a-new-delhi-j-ai-pense-que-j-allais-mourir_6031809_3210.html|date=4 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|quote=A l’entrée de l’hôpital, un homme qui officie à l’accueil a tout consigné sur son registre et son téléphone portable. Quelque 800 personnes, explique-t-il, ont été amenées entre le 23 et 25 février, certaines dans un état épouvantable. Des corps écartelés, carbonisés, des blessures par balles, des visages défigurés par de l’acide, des hommes atteints aux parties génitales. " Nous n’avons que de faibles moyens. Nous avons juste posé des garrots, des pansements et tenté de stopper le saignement des blessés ", confie-t-il. (At the entrance to the hospital, a man who works at the reception desk wrote everything down in his register and his mobile phone. Some 800 people, he says, were brought in between February 23 and 25, some in appalling condition. Torn, charred bodies, gunshot wounds, acid-disfigured faces, men with damage to the genitals. 'We have only weak means. We just put tourniquets, bandages and tried to stop the bleeding of the injured,' he said.}}</ref> The properties destroyed were disproportionately Muslim-owned and included four [[mosque]]s, which were set ablaze by rioters.<ref>{{citation|last1=Yasir|first1=Sameer|last2=Raj|first2=Suhasini|title=Indian Police Sweep Through Riot Zone, Making More Arrests|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/28/world/asia/india-new-delhi-violence.html|access-date=4 March 2020|date=28 February 2020|quote=The property destruction has also been lopsidedly anti-Muslim, with many Muslim-owned motorcycles, cars, houses, shops and factories reduced to ashes. At least four mosques were set on fire during 48 hours of rioting.}}</ref> By the end of February, many Muslims had left these neighbourhoods.<ref name="NYTimes-Analysis-March1" /> Even in areas of Delhi untouched by the violence, some Muslims had left for their ancestral villages, fearful for their personal safety in India's capital.<ref name="guardian-3-6-20" />
The riots had their origin in [[Jaffrabad, Delhi|Jaffrabad]], in North East Delhi, where a [[Shaheen Bagh protests|sit-in by women]] against India's [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019]] had been in progress on a stretch of the [[Seelampur metro station|Seelampur]]–[[Jaffrabad, Delhi|Jaffrabad]]–[[Maujpur - Babarpur metro station|Maujpur]] road, [[Traffic obstruction|blocking]] it.<ref name=diplomat-2-27-2020>{{citation|last1=Basu|first1=Soma|title=Delhi: The Anatomy of a Riot|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/delhi-the-anatomy-of-a-riot/|access-date=6 March 2020|work=Diplomat|quote=BJP leader Kapil Mishra issued a 'three-day ultimatum' to police to clear a protest against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) by women at the Jaffrabad Metro Station.}}</ref><ref name="uniindia">{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/protests-at-jaffarabad-against-caa-security-beefed-up-2-metro-stations-closed/india/news/1896707.html|title=Protests at Jaffarabad against CAA; security beefed up, 2 metro stations closed|work=United News of India|date=23 February 2020|access-date=2 March 2020|quote=Demanding revocation of Citizenship (Amendment) Act, protesters—mostly women—on Sunday took to streets and blocked the road below Jaffrabad metro station.}}</ref> On 23 February 2020, a leader of the ruling [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu nationalist]] [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], [[Kapil Mishra]], called for [[Delhi Police]] to clear the roads, failing which he threatened to "hit the streets".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/kapil-mishra-bjp-jaffrabad-protest-delhi-police-3-days-ultimatum-1649286-2020-02-23|title=BJP leader Kapil Mishra's 3-day ultimatum to Delhi Police|website=India Today|date=23 February 2020 |access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/bjp-leader-kapil-mishras-3-day-ultimatum-to-delhi-police-to-clear-anti-caa-protest-jaffrabad-2184627|title="We'll Be Peaceful Till Trump Leaves," BJP Leader Kapil Mishra Warns Delhi Police|website=NDTV.com|access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref> After Mishra's ultimatum, violence erupted.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Fresh violence erupts in Indian capital during anti-CAA protests|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/fresh-violence-erupts-indian-capital-anti-caa-protests-200224121139653.html|website=Al Jazeera|first=Bilal|last=Kuchay|date=24 February 2020|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> Initially, Hindu and Muslim attacks were equally lethal.<ref name=nytimes-2020-3-12-1>{{citation|title='If We Kill You, Nothing Will Happen': How Delhi's Police Turned Against Muslims|first1=Jeffrey |last1=Gettleman|first2=Sameer|last2=Yasir|first3=Suhasini |last3=Raj|first4=Hari|last4=Kumar|others=Photographs by Loke, Atul|date=12 March 2020|access-date=13 March 2020|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/world/asia/india-police-muslims.html|quote=When the violence started on Feb. 23 – as Hindu men gathered to forcibly eject a peaceful Muslim protest near their neighborhood – much of it became two-sided. By day's end, both Muslims and Hindus had been attacked, and dozens had been shot, apparently with small-bore homemade guns. But by Feb. 25 the direction had changed.}}</ref> Most deaths were attributed to gunfire.<ref name="veconomist-2">{{cite news|title= Donald Trump and Narendra Modi hug as Delhi burns|url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2020/02/26/donald-trump-and-narendra-modi-hug-as-delhi-burns|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=26 February 2020|quote=Both sides soon resorted to shooting; most of the fatalities, which included two policemen, were caused by gunfire... The police, which in Delhi are controlled by the central government, only deployed in strength on February 26th. On the orders of a court, they also began registering complaints of incitement. Mr Modi's national-security adviser toured affected districts, giving his 'word of honour' that residents could feel safe. The prime minister himself, after three days of silence, belatedly tweeted a plea for calm.}}</ref> By 25 February 2020, the balance had shifted.<ref name=nytimes-2020-3-12-1/> Rioters wearing helmets and carrying sticks, stones, swords or pistols, and the saffron flags of [[Hindu nationalism]] entered Muslim neighbourhoods, as the police stood by.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Landrin|first1=Sophie|title=Inde : New Delhi en proie à de violents conflits intercommunautaires|date=26 February 2020|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2020/02/26/inde-new-delhi-en-proie-a-de-violents-conflits-intercommunautaires_6030862_3210.html|trans-title=India: New Delhi plagued by violent inter-community conflicts|work=Le Monde|language=fr|quote=Des hordes d’émeutiers casqués, armés de bâtons, de pierres, de sabres ou de pistolets, portant des drapeaux safran – la couleur des nationalistes hindous – ont pris d’assaut cette zone. Des véhicules, des échoppes, ainsi que des maisons appartenant à des musulmans, ont été incendiés sous les yeux d’une police totalement passive. (Hordes of helmeted rioters, armed with sticks, stones, sabers or pistols, carrying saffron flags – the color of Hindu nationalists – stormed this area. Vehicles, stalls, as well as houses belonging to Muslims, were set on fire in front of a totally passive police force.)|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=nytimes-2020-3-12-2>{{citation|title='If We Kill You, Nothing Will Happen': How Delhi's Police Turned Against Muslims|first1=Jeffrey |last1=Gettleman|first2=Sameer|last2=Yasir|first3=Suhasini |last3=Raj|first4=Hari|last4=Kumar|others=Photographs by Loke, Atul|date=12 March 2020|access-date=13 March 2020|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/world/asia/india-police-muslims.html|quote= Hindu mobs fanned out and targeted Muslim families. Violence crackled in the air. Police officers watched as mobs of Hindus, their foreheads marked by saffron stripes, prowled the streets with baseball bats and rusty bars, looking for Muslims to kill. The sky was filled with smoke. Muslim homes, shops and mosques were burned down.}}</ref> Chants were heard of "''[[Jai Shri Ram]]''" ("Victory to [[Rama|Lord Rama]]"), a religious slogan favoured by prime minister [[Narendra Modi]]'s party.<ref name="wapo-3-2-20-slater-1"/> In the neighbourhood of Shiv Vihar, Hindu rioters attacked Muslim houses and businesses for three days, often firebombing them with [[fuel gas|cooking gas cylinder]]s and gutting them without resistance from the police.<ref name=guardian-3-6-20-3>{{citation|title='I cannot find my father's body': Delhi's fearful Muslims mourn riot dead|last1=Ellis-Peterson|first1=Hannah|last2=Azizur Rahman|first2= Shaikh|location=Delhi|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/how-can-i-go-back-delhi-fearful-muslims-mourn-riot-dead|date=6 March 2020|access-date=7 March 2020|quote= In Shiv Vihar, from where they and many others had escaped, almost every Muslim home lay in blackened ruins, and two mosques looked like bomb sites. For three days, Hindu rioters attacked Shiv Vihar's Muslim localities and ran mayhem without any resistance from police. The mobs repeatedly used gas canisters as weapons, setting them alight and exploding them in Muslim properties so that the walls crumbled entirely.}}</ref> In some instances, Muslims countered perceived threats by returning the violence; on the 25th a Muslim mob approached a Hindu neighbourhood throwing stones and [[Molotov cocktails]] and firing guns.<ref name="wapo-3-2-20-slater-2">{{citation|last1=Slater|first1=Joanna|last2=Masih|first2=Niha|date=2 March 2020|title=What Delhi's worst communal violence in decades means for Modi's India |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/what-days-of-communal-violence-mean-for-modi-and-for-india/2020/03/01/3d649c18-5a68-11ea-8efd-0f904bdd8057_story.html |access-date=15 March 2020|quote=In the riots that swept northeastern Delhi, Muslims mobilized to counter perceived threats and clashed with Hindus. A two-lane road separates Muslim-dominated Mustafabad from Hindu-dominated Bhagirathi Vihar. Hindus say a large mob approached from the Muslim side Tuesday night, throwing stones and Molotov cocktails and firing guns. 'It became difficult to save our lives,' said Yogesh Kumar, 24, an accountant. 'When the fire spreads, everything gets torched,' Sanjay Kumar, 40, said bitterly as he looked around at the destroyed storefronts and burned facades along a lane leading from the main road. He blamed Kapil Mishra, the BJP leader who issued the original threat to protesters who mounted a sit-in.}}</ref> During this time, stories were also told of Sikh and Hindu families coming to the aid of besieged Muslims;<ref name="guardian-3-1-20-sikh-hindu">{{citation|title=Inside Delhi: beaten, lynched and burnt alive|last1=Ellis-Peterson|first1=Hannah|location=Delhi|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/01/india-delhi-after-hindu-mob-riot-religious-hatred-nationalists|date=1 March 2020|access-date=27 March 2020|quote= But for all the tales of discord, dozens of accounts were also given to the ''Observer'' of how Sikh and Hindu families helped save their Muslim neighbours, sheltering them in their homes as the violence broke out or helping them escape as the mobs descended.}}</ref> in some neighbourhoods, the religious communities cooperated in protecting themselves from violence.<ref name="Barton2020"/>
The Indian government swiftly characterised the violence as spontaneous.<ref name="NYTimes-Analysis-March1" /> The [[Delhi Police]], which is directly overseen by India's [[Government of India|central government]], moved into the area in strength on 26 February after the [[Delhi High Court]] had ordered it to help remove injured victims to hospitals.<ref name="veconomist-2" /><ref name=economist-2020-3-12>{{citation|title=First the mob, then the law|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2020/03/12/victims-of-rioting-in-india-are-bashed-by-the-police-and-courts-too|date=12 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020|quote=During the riots in Delhi, it was only after the high court ordered police to help evacuate wounded people to hospital that the city's 80,000-person police force began to intervene, after 48 hours of arson and murder.}}</ref> India's [[National Security Advisor of India|national security advisor]], [[Ajit Doval]], visited the area; the prime minister, Narendra Modi, made an appeal for peace on Twitter.<ref name="veconomist-2" /> The Delhi police were accused by the affected citizens, eyewitnesses, human rights organizations and Muslim leaders around the world of falling short in protecting Muslims.<ref name="npr-3-7-20-frayer" /> Videos showed police acting in a coordinated manner against Muslims, on occasion purposefully helping Hindu gangs.<ref name=nytimes-2020-3-12-6>{{citation|title='If We Kill You, Nothing Will Happen': How Delhi's Police Turned Against Muslims|first1=Jeffrey |last1=Gettleman|first2=Sameer|last2=Yasir|first3=Suhasini |last3=Raj|first4=Hari|last4=Kumar|others=Photographs by Loke, Atul|date=12 March 2020|access-date=13 March 2020|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/world/asia/india-police-muslims.html|quote=Now, more evidence is emerging that the Delhi police, who are under the direct command of Mr. Modi's government and have very few Muslim officers, concertedly moved against Muslims and at times actively helped the Hindu mobs that rampaged in New Delhi in late February, burning down Muslim homes and targeting Muslim families.}}</ref> Witnesses said some police officers joined the attacks on Muslims.<ref name="wapo-3-6-20-slater-2">{{citation|last1=Slater|first1=Joanna|last2=Masih|first2=Niha|date=6 March 2020|title=In Delhi's worst violence in decades, a man watched his brother burn|newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/in-delhis-worst-violence-in-decades-a-man-watched-his-brother-burn/2020/03/05/892dbb12-5e45-11ea-ac50-18701e14e06d_story.html |access-date=6 March 2020|quote=The police force – which is directly overseen by the central government – has come under criticism for failing to stop the violence. Witnesses say some officers joined the attacks on Muslims.}}</ref>
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Several anti-CAA protests were held in New Delhi. Some protesters burned vehicles and pelted stones at security forces.<ref name="Livemint15">{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/caa-violence-arson-in-south-delhi-as-protesters-torch-four-buses-two-injured-11576412295374.html|title=CAA: Violence, arson in south Delhi as protesters torch four buses; two injured|date=15 December 2019|website=Livemint|access-date=1 March 2020|quote=Four buses were set ablaze by a mob and two fire officials were injured in stone pelting as the protests against the newly enacted Citizenship Act" (...) "The situation turned critical when a bus was burned by the protestors and police got into action}}</ref> In [[Shaheen Bagh protests|Shaheen Bagh]], protesters blocked roads, which led to a traffic jam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/you-have-right-to-protest-but-do-not-block-roads-supreme-court-to-shaheen-bagh-1647293-2020-02-17|title=Shaheen Bagh: Protest but don't block roads, SC tells protesters; appoints mediator|first1=Aneesha|last1=Mathur|date=17 February 2020|website=India Today|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref>
The [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Legislative Assembly election]] was held on 8 February 2020, in which the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) was defeated by the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] (AAP); widespread usage of incendiary slogans by BJP equating the protesters to anti-national elements and asking for them to be shot were noted.{{efn|At a rally in Delhi, a [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Cabinet]] minister shouted {{transliteration|hi|''Desh ke ġaddāroṉ ko''}} ("What's to be done with the traitors to the nation?") and the crowd screamed back, {{transliteration|hi|''Goli māro sāloṉ ko''}} ("Shoot the bastards!").<ref>{{cite web |title=The Graveyard Talks Back |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/literature/arundhati-roy-the-graveyard-talks-back |work=Caravan Magazine |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref>}} Delhi BJP chief, [[Manoj Tiwari (Delhi politician)|Manoj Tiwari]], has since attributed hate speeches by fellow party-candidate [[Kapil Mishra]] (who coined the slogans) as a cause of the BJP defeat.<ref name="NYTRoots">{{Cite news|last1=Gettleman|first1=Jeffrey|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/26/world/asia/delhi-riots-kapil-mishra.html|title=The Roots of the Delhi Riots: A Fiery Speech and an Ultimatum|date=26 February 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=5 March 2020|last2=Raj|first2=Suhasini|issn=0362-4331|last3=Yasir|first3=Sameer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/hate-speech-cost-bjp-delhi-elections-people-like-kapil-mishra-should-be-removed-manoj-tiwari-1649227-2020-02-23|title=Hate speech cost BJP Delhi elections, people like Kapil Mishra should be removed: Manoj Tiwari|date=23 February 2020|website=India Today|access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref>
On 22 February, around 500 to 1,000 protesters, including women, began a [[sit-in]] protest near the [[Jaffrabad metro station]]. The protest blocked a stretch of [[Seelampur metro station|Seelampur]]–[[Jaffrabad, Delhi|Jaffrabad]]–[[Maujpur - Babarpur metro station|Maujpur]] road, as well as the entry and exit to the metro station.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jaffrabad anti-CAA protests: Over 500 women block road connecting Seelampur with Maujpur and Yamuna Vihar; Delhi Metro shuts station |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/jaffrabad-anti-caa-protests-over-500-women-block-road-connecting-seelampur-with-maujpur-and-yamuna-vihar-delhi-metro-shuts-station-8076371.html |access-date=25 February 2020 |work=The First Post |date=23 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="Roses">{{cite news |title=Began with roses, ended with bullets: How CAA protests in Delhi unfolded |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-jafrabad-maujpur-stirs-began-with-roses-but-ended-with-bullets/story-lb7ZwnsAfdSkRHXyJUs49L.html |access-date=25 February 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=25 February 2020 }}</ref> According to the protesters, the sit-in was in solidarity with the ''[[India|Bharat]] [[Bandh]]'' called by the [[Bhim Army]], which was scheduled to begin on 23 February. Police and paramilitary personnel were deployed at the site.<ref>{{cite news |title=Anti-CAA Protesters Block Seelampur-Jaffrabad Road, Cops Deployed |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/anti-caa-protesters-block-seelampur-jafrabad-road-police-deployed-bhim-army-chandrashekhar-azad |access-date=25 February 2020 |work=The Quint |date=23 February 2020}}</ref>
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==Timeline==
===23 February and incitement===
On 23 February between 3.30{{nbsp}}p.m. and 4{{nbsp}}p.m., BJP leader [[Kapil Mishra]] and his supporters reached a protest site at Maujpur Chowk "to give an answer to Jaffrabad [blockade]".<ref name="NDTV1" /> Mishra then spoke out in a rally against the CAA protesters{{efn|Previously, on 17 December 2019, violence occurred during the CAA-protests in the Seelampur area, in North East Delhi. On 3 January 2020, DCP Surya told media that adequate security personnel and proper security arrangements were in place in the Seelampur area and no further gatherings and violence were expected.<ref>{{cite news |title=No gathering expected, adequate security deployed in Seelampur: DCP Ved Prakash |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/no-gathering-expected-adequate-security-deployed-in-seelampur-dcp-ved-prakash20200103131121/ |access-date=25 February 2020 |work=[[Asian News International]] (ANI) |date=3 January 2020}}</ref>}} and threatened to take matters into his own hands if the police failed to disperse the protesters from the Jaffrabad and Chand Bagh areas in three days' time.<ref name="Mishra DNA 2">{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/delhi/report-two-complaints-filed-against-bjp-leader-kapil-mishra-for-inciting-violence-in-north-east-delhi-2814932|title=Two complaints filed against BJP leader Kapil Mishra for inciting violence in North-East Delhi|date=25 February 2020|work=DNA India|access-date=25 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kapil-mishra-warns-cops-clear-road-in-3-days-after-that-we-won-t-listen-to-you/story-Ppd9qPXknizVMsaLsFIFTI.html|title=Kapil Mishra warns cops: Clear road in 3 days... after that we won't listen to you'|date=24 February 2020|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=25 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="Gambhir 25 Feb">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/delhi-violence-gautam-gambhir-says-kapil-mishras-speech-unacceptable-2185318|title="Kapil Mishra's Speech Unacceptable": BJP's Gautam Gambhir On Delhi Violence|date=25 February 2020|work=NDTV.com|access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref> This has been widely reported to be the major inciting factor;<ref name="NYTRoots" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-violence-caa-protest-death-toll-kapil-mishra-communal-clash-6286950/|title=Divided in violence, united in grief: Families of dead say hate is to blame|date=26 February 2020|work=The Indian Express|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref> however, Mishra rejects the allegations.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/defiant-bjp-leader-kapil-mishra-says-did-not-commit-crime-by-supporting-caa/article30920351.ece|title=Delhi violence: Defiant BJP leader Kapil Mishra says did not commit crime by supporting CAA|date=26 February 2020|work=The Hindu|access-date=26 February 2020|
At approximately 4{{nbsp}}p.m., protesters were reported to have hurled stones at the pro-CAA gathering at Maujpur Chowk and near a temple.<ref name="IndiaTodayTimeline">{{cite news |last1=Pandey |first1=Munish |title=5, including cop, killed in clashes: How violence unfolded in northeast Delhi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/delhi-violence-clashes-how-unfolded-northeast-sequence-1649674-2020-02-25 |access-date=26 February 2020 |work=The India Today |date=25 February 2020}}</ref> Between 9 and 11{{nbsp}}p.m., clashes broke out between the anti-CAA and pro-CAA demonstrators in [[Karawal Nagar]], Maujpur Chowk, [[Babarpur]] and Chand Bagh. Vehicles were gutted and shops were destroyed.<ref name="NDTV1">{{cite news |last1=Varma |first1=Shaylaja |title="We'll Be Peaceful Till Trump Leaves," BJP Leader Kapil Mishra Warns Delhi Police |url=https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/bjp-leader-kapil-mishras-3-day-ultimatum-to-delhi-police-to-clear-anti-caa-protest-jaffrabad-2184627 |access-date=26 February 2020 |work=The NDTV |date=24 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Won't listen after 3 days: Kapil Mishra's ultimatum to Delhi Police to vacate Jaffrabad roads |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/won-t-listen-after-3-days-bjp-kapil-mishra-ultimatum-to-delhi-police-to-vacate-jaffrabad-chand-bagh-roads-1649271-2020-02-23 |access-date=26 February 2020 |work=The India Today |date=23 February 2020}}</ref> The police used [[baton charge]] and [[tear gas]] to disperse the crowd.<ref>{{cite news |title=4 cases registered in Feb 23 violence, says Delhi Police |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/4-cases-registered-in-feb-23-violence-says-delhi-police-120022400512_1.html |access-date=26 February 2020 |work=Business Standard |date=24 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="IndiaTodayTimeline" />
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* {{cite news|date=26 February 2020|title=Intelligence Bureau officer found dead in Chand Bagh in Northeast Delhi|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/delhi-violence-intelligence-bureau-officer-dead-chand-bagh-1650159-2020-02-26|access-date=1 March 2020}}
* {{cite news|last1=Taneja|first1=Nidhi|date=26 February 2020|title=Who was Ankit Sharma, the man who died in Delhi violence|work=indiatvnews.com|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/who-was-ankit-sharma-intelligence-bureau-officer-died-northeast-delhi-violence-592762|access-date=1 March 2020|quote=In 2017, the officer joined the Intelligence Bureau and was training as a driver.}}
* {{Cite web|title=AAP Councillor Refutes Allegations on IB Staffer's Killing, Had Tweeted SOS to Police|url=https://thewire.in/communalism/tahir-hussain-aap-ankit-sharma-killing|access-date=5 March 2020|website=The Wire|quote=Ankit, who was a security assistant in the IB and was undergoing training as a driver ... had joined the IB as a probationer in 2017.}}</ref> The circumstances leading to his death are under investigation,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/intelligence-bureau-officer-ankit-sharma-found-dead-in-chand-bagh-in-northeast-delhi-hit-by-violence-2185946|title=Body Of Intelligence Officer Killed in Delhi Clashes Found in Drain|website=NDTV.com|date=26 February 2020|access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-delhi-riots-intelligence-officer-killed-body-found-in-drain-in-chand-bagh-area/347883|title=Delhi Riots: Intelligence Bureau Employee Killed, Body Found In Drain In Chand Bagh Area|website=Outlook India|date=26 February 2020|access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref> with a lot of confusion regarding them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/03/05/did-the-media-spotlight-on-ankit-sharma-shed-clarity-on-his-murder-no|title=Did the media spotlight on Ankit Sharma shed clarity on his murder? No|website=Newslaundry|date=5 March 2020|first1=Ayush|last1=Tiwari|access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Roy|first1=Krishna Pokharel, Vibhuti Agarwal and Rajesh|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/indias-ruling-party-government-slammed-over-delhi-violence-11582734524|title=India's Ruling Party, Government Slammed Over Delhi Violence|date=26 February 2020|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=6 March 2020|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> According to a [[autopsy|post-mortem]] report, he was repeatedly stabbed, leading to his death.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-ib-operative-ankit-sharma-brutally-stabbed-to-death-post-mortem-report/347976|title=Delhi Riots: IB Operative Ankit Sharma Brutally And Repeatedly Stabbed To Death, Says Post-Mortem Report|website=Outlook India|date=28 February 2020|access-date=1 March 2020}}</ref> [[Tahir Hussain (activist)|Tahir Hussain]], who was an AAP councillor, was arrested for allegedly murdering Sharma.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khan |first1=Fatima |title=Tahir Hussain—the AAP councillor who faces murder charge now has left Chand Bagh divided |url=https://theprint.in/india/tahir-hussain-the-aap-councillor-who-faces-murder-charge-now-has-left-chand-bagh-divided/373222/ |access-date=1 March 2020 |work=ThePrint |date=29 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tahir Hussain Charged With Murder in Delhi Violence, Suspended By AAP |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/delhi-violence-case-filed-against-aaps-tahir-hussain-for-murder-arson-2186844 |access-date=1 March 2020 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/accused-in-ib-staffer-s-killing-tahir-hussain-arrested-from-court/story-24Y6qkMVa1sfLc4vhLZZFP.html|title=Tahir Hussain, suspect in IB staffer's murder arrested, toll in Delhi riots rises to 53|date=5 March 2020|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref>
7,500 emergency calls were made to the police control room throughout the day, the highest in the week.<ref name="CitizenRewardHate17Mar" /><ref name="PCR Calls" />
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The Delhi Police's ability to maintain the law and order and bring the peace back in riot-affected areas has been questioned by multiple sources. The police took no action even though present when the violence resulted in murders. They remained lax in deploying policemen on 23 February, when multiple intelligence reports requested more forces to prevent the tense situation (created by Mishra's speech) from escalating further. Victims of the riot reported that the police did not respond promptly when called, claiming that the officers were busy.<ref name="NYTSwirl27Feb">{{Cite news|last1=Gettleman|first1=Jeffrey|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/27/world/asia/india-violence-hindu-muslim.html|title=As New Delhi Counts the Dead, Questions Swirl About Police Response|date=27 February 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=29 February 2020|last2=Raj|first2=Suhasini|issn=0362-4331|last3=Loke|first3=Atul}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Ali|first1=Ahmad|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/crippled-police-fail-to-act-in-delhi-riots-says-former-cop/1745896|title='Crippled' police fail to act in Delhi riots, says former cop|date=26 February 2020|work=AA|access-date=29 February 2020}}</ref> Other reports also suggested that the police encouraged rioters<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Gettleman|first1=Jeffrey|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/25/world/asia/new-delhi-hindu-muslim-violence.html|title=New Delhi Streets Turn into Battleground, Hindus vs. Muslims|date=25 February 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=10 March 2020|last2=Raj|first2=Suhasini|issn=0362-4331|last3=Yasir|first3=Sameer}}</ref> and physically attacked residents of riot-affected areas, going on to shoot people randomly. The police, however, denied these assertions.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/criticism-of-police-grows-after-mob-violence-kills-more-than-30-in-indias-capital/2020/02/27/6a4ee8bc-595c-11ea-8753-73d96000faae_story.html|title=Criticism of police grows after mob violence kills nearly 40 in India's capital|first1=Joanna|last1=Slater|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=27 February 2020|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref>
A video shared on social media on 26 February showed a group of men being assaulted by the police as they lay on the ground, forcibly singing the [[national anthem of India]] and "[[Vande Mataram]]" on the demands of the policemen.<ref>{{citation|title='If We Kill You, Nothing Will Happen': How Delhi's Police Turned Against Muslims|first1=Jeffrey |last1=Gettleman|first2=Sameer|last2=Yasir|first3=Suhasini |last3=Raj|first4=Hari|last4=Kumar|others=Photographs by Loke, Atul|date=12 March 2020|access-date=13 March 2020|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/world/asia/india-police-muslims.html}}</ref> The families of the men claimed that they were detained in the lockup for two days and beaten further. One of them, Mohammad Faizan,<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Ellis-Petersen|first1=Hannah|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/16/delhis-muslims-despair-justice-police-implicated-hindu-riots|title=Delhi's Muslims despair of justice after police implicated in riots|date=16 March 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=22 March 2020|last2=Rahman|first2=Shaikh Azizur|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> was admitted in the neurosurgery wing of [[LNJP Hospital]] and died on 29 February from critical gunshot wounds. Another was reported to have suffered serious injuries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-delhi-riots-one-of-five-injured-men-made-to-sing-anthem-in-video-dies/348035|title=Delhi Riots: One Of Five Injured Men, Made To Sing National Anthem In Video, Dies|website=Outlook India|date=29 February 2020 |access-date=1 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-violence-video-national-anthem-6291881/|title=Delhi violence: Video showed men being made to sing anthem, one is now dead|date=29 February 2020|website=The Indian Express|first1=Somya|last1=Lakhani|access-date=1 March 2020}}</ref>
The lack of the police's prompt response may be attributed to the large police force deployed to line the roads for the visit of the [[United States President]] [[Donald Trump]]. The police had reportedly informed the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] of the shortfall of policeman available for immediately controlling the violence,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/delhi-police-says-shortage-of-forces-lead-to-spread-of-violence-deploys-1000-personnel-in-riot-hit-areas-as-toll-climbs-to-nine-8084841.html|title=Delhi Police says shortage of forces {{sic|nolink=y|lead}} to spread of violence, deploys 1,000 personnel in riot-hit areas as toll climbs to nine|date=25 February 2020|website=Firstpost|access-date=29 February 2020}}</ref> but this was denied by the Ministry.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=PIBHomeAffairs |number=1232889012303597568 |title=As against cited shortages of police personnel in Delhi, it is stated that there is adequate strength of forces on ground since this Monday. Based on professional assessment, 73 Coys of CAPFs deployed in addition to 40 Coys of @DelhiPolice. Situation under control. |date=26 February 2020 |access-date=29 February 2020}}</ref>
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On 24 February 2020, the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] stated that the violence appeared orchestrated to coincide with President [[Donald Trump]]'s [[List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump#2020|February 24–25, 2020 visit]] to India.<ref name="Orchestrated">{{cite news |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-violence-in-delhi-orchestrated-for-publicity-as-trump-is-visiting-india-sources/347807 |title=Delhi Violence Effort To Defame India Globally: MoS Home Affairs |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=24 February 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |quote=Union Minister of State for Home Affairs on Monday said that the violence in North-East Delhi was orchestrated with an eye on US President's visit to India.}}</ref> The Ministry also refused to bring in the Army to control the riots and stated that the number of central forces and policemen on the ground was adequate. More than 6,000 police and paramilitary personnel were deployed in the area.<ref name="Dead NDTV 25Feb" />
On 25 February the [[Chief Minister of Delhi]], [[Arvind Kejriwal]] stated that the Delhi Police, despite its efforts, had been unable to control the violence and requested the [[Indian army|Army]]'s assistance in stopping the violence as the number of deaths climbed to 23.<ref name="BBC23killed"/><ref name="Hindu Live 26Feb">{{cite news |title=Register FIRs against hate speeches, HC directs Delhi Police |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/delhi-violence-day-4-live-updates/article30919537.ece |access-date=26 February 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=26 February 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Delhi violence: Police unable to control situation, time to call in Army, says CM Kejriwal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/delhi-violence-police-unable-to-control-situation-time-to-call-in-army-says-cm-kejriwal-1650088-2020-02-26 |website=India Today|date=26 February 2020 }}</ref>
===Home Ministry's meeting===
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On 27 February, Kejriwal announced free treatment for the injured in government as well as private hospitals under the Farishta scheme. The government had made arrangements with the help of [[NGO]]s to supply food in areas where a curfew had been imposed. He also announced a compensation amount of {{INRConvert|1|m|lk=r}} to affected people, {{INRConvert|100|k}} ex-gratia, and {{INRConvert|500|k}} in the case of a death of a minor.<ref name="IE 27 Feb Live" /> He also announced that the Delhi government had set up nine shelters for the people affected by the riots. For people whose houses were completely burnt, immediate assistance of {{INRConvert|25000}} was announced.<ref name="28Feb Hindu" />
Food and other relief materials were distributed with the help of [[resident welfare association]]s and NGOs.<ref name="TH_compensation">{{cite news |title=Government to start distributing ₹25,000 to victims of violence |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/government-to-start-distributing-25000-to-victims-of-violence/article30946782.ece |access-date=1 March 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=29 February 2020 }}</ref> BJP leaders [[Tajinder Bagga]] and Kapil Mishra collected {{INRConvert|7.1|m}} for the Hindu victims of Delhi riots via crowdfunding.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/03/02/delhi-violence-kapil-mishra-bagga-crowdfund-over-rs-71-lakh-for-hindu-victims.html|title=Delhi violence: Kapil Mishra, Bagga crowdfund over Rs 71 lakh for Hindu victims|website=The Week|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref>
===Reactions===
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{{As of|2020|03|07|df=}}, police had registered 690 FIRs and around 2200 individuals involved in the violence were taken into custody.<ref name="IT690Cases" /> Some activists were charged with offences under the [[Indian Penal code]] and the Arms Act. Their friends and relatives alleged that they were tortured in custody.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2020/feb/28/delhi-riots-court-rejects-bail-plea-of-arrested-ex-congress-municipal-councillor-ishrat-jahan-2109944.html |title=Delhi riots: Court rejects bail plea of arrested ex-Congress municipal councillor Ishrat Jahan|work=The New Indian Express|date=28 February 2020|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="incitement3">{{cite news|url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/firs-filed-in-delhi-riot-cases-double-in-last-twenty-four-hours/story-2ENuPDVMt5zMPFX09IcI6N.html|title=FIRs filed in Delhi riot cases double in last twenty-four hours|work=Hindustan Times|date=28 February 2020|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="incitement4">{{cite news|url= https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/delhi-violence-court-rejects-bail-plea-of-arrested-excong-municipal-councillor-ishrat-jahan/1747456|title=Delhi violence: Court rejects bail plea of arrested ex-Cong municipal councillor Ishrat Jahan|publisher=Outlook India|date=28 February 2020|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/954538/two-anti-caa-activists-arrested-by-delhi-police-were-tortured-in-custody-allege-family-members|title=Two anti-CAA activists arrested by Delhi police were tortured in custody, allege family members|last1=Johari|first1=Aarefa|website=Scroll.in|date=27 February 2020|access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref> During a parliamentary debate over the riots on 11 March, Home Minister Amit Shah stated that rioters who had come from [[Uttar Pradesh]] had been identified.<ref name="AlJazeeraHumanity13Mar">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/humanity-india-opposition-slams-gov-delhi-violence-200313101738869.html|title='Show humanity': India opposition slams gov't on Delhi violence|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=13 March 2020|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref>
In 2021, Mohd Wasim, Mohd Ayaz
===Supreme Court hearing===
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==Books on the riots==
In August 2020, a book titled ''[[Delhi Riots 2020: The Untold Story]]'' by advocate Monika Arora and academics Sonali Chitalkar and Prerna Malhotra was scheduled to be published by Bloomsbury India, which however withdrew the book after facing criticism from other writers and activists.<ref>{{Cite news|
==See also==
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[[Category:2020 murders in India]]
[[Category:2020 riots]]
[[Category:Anti-Muslim
[[Category:Arson in
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 2020]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Citizenship Amendment Act protests]]
[[Category:
[[Category:February 2020 crimes in Asia]]
[[Category:February 2020 events in India]]
[[Category:Hinduism in Delhi|2020 Delhi riots]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 2020]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Religious riots in India]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Persecution
[[Category:
[[Category:
[[Category:
[[Category:2020 fires in Asia]]
[[Category:Criminal rock-throwing]]
[[Category:Attacks on shops in India]]
[[Category:2020 mass shootings in Asia]]
[[Category:Mass shootings in India]]
[[Category:Improvised explosive device bombings in 2020]]
[[Category:21st-century attacks on mosques]]
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