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{{Use British English|date=August 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{SimilarFor|the namesartist|Francis CrozierRossiter (disambiguation)Crozier}}
{{Infobox military person
| width_style = person
| name = Francis Crozier
| image = FrancisCrozierFranciscrozierdagsothebys.jpg
| image_upright = 1.1
| caption = Crozier in 1845
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| birth_place = [[Banbridge]], [[County Down]], [[Kingdom of Ireland]]
| placeofburial_label = Disappeared
| placeofburial = {{disappeared date and age|1848|4|26|1796|9|17|df=y}}<br />[[King William Island]], [[North-Western Territory]] (now [[Nunavut]], [[Canada]])
| allegiance = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}
| branch_label = Branch
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}}
 
'''Francis Rawdon Moira Crozier''' {{postnom|country=GBR|FRS|FRAS}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|r|oʊ|ʒ|ər}}; 17 October 1796&nbsp;– disappeared 26 April 1848) was an [[Irish people|Irish]] officer of the [[Royal Navy]] and polar explorer who participated in six expeditions to the [[Arctic]] and [[Antarctic]]. In May1843, he became a Fellow of the [[Royal Society]] for his scientific work during his expeditions.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Michael |title=Icebound In The Arctic: The Mystery of Captain Francis Crozier and the Franklin Expedition |date=2021 |publisher=The O'Brien Press |isbn=978-1-78849-265-2 |access-date=30 April 2024 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NgoPEAAAQBAJ}}</ref> 1845Later, he was second-in-command to [[Sir John Franklin]] and captain of {{HMS|Terror|1813|6}} during the [[Franklin expedition]] to discover the [[Northwest Passage]], which ended with the loss of all 129 crewmen in mysterious circumstances.
 
Many places in the Arctic and Antarctic are named after him.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Michael |title=Icebound In The Arctic: The Mystery of Captain Francis Crozier and the Franklin Expedition |date=2021 |publisher=The O'Brien Press |isbn=978-1-78849-265-2 |access-date=30 April 2024 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NgoPEAAAQBAJ}}</ref> He, with [[James Clark Ross]] and [[Richard Clement Moody|Richard Moody]], was also responsible for selecting the location of the capital of the [[Falkland Islands]], [[Port Stanley]], in 1843.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Michael |title=Icebound In The Arctic: The Mystery of Captain Francis Crozier and the Franklin Expedition |date=2021 |publisher=The O'Brien Press |isbn=978-1-78849-265-2 |access-date=30 April 2024 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NgoPEAAAQBAJ}}</ref>
 
== Early life ==
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{{main|Franklin's lost expedition}}
 
In 1845, Crozier joined [[Captain (Royal Navy)|Captain]] [[Sir John Franklin]] as captain of the {{HMS|Terror|1813|2}} on the [[Franklin expedition]] to traverse the last unnavigated section of the [[Northwest Passage]]. Crozier himself was consideredoffered tothe leadcommand thisof the expedition, but, his Irish ancestry and humble birth counted against him. The privilege of selectingwith subordinating"characteristic officersmodesty", almosthe always givendeferred to theFranklin.<ref>{{Cite second-in-commandODNB|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/6840|title=Crozier, wasFrancis givenRawdon to [[James Fitzjames]].Moira}}</ref> After Franklin's death in June&nbsp;1847, heCrozier took command of the expedition, andover. hisHis fate and those of the other expedition members remained a mystery until 1859, when a note written by Crozier and [[James Fitzjames]], captain of the ''Erebus'', was discovered on [[King William Island]] during an expedition led by [[Francis McClintock]]. Dated 25 April 1848, the note indicated that the ships—stuck in thick pack ice—had been abandoned. Nine officers, including Sir John Franklin, and 15&nbsp;crewmen had died. Also stated was their intention, on 26&nbsp;April, to set out on foot for [[Back's Great Fish River]] on the Canadian mainland.<ref>{{cite book|last=Savours|first=A.|title=The Search for the North West Passage|url=https://archive.org/details/searchfornorth00savo_0|publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=1999|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/searchfornorth00savo_0/page/291 291–293]|isbn=0312223722}}</ref>
 
Unverified [[Inuit]] reportsrumours collected between 1852 and 1858 indicate that Crozier and one other expedition member might have been seen in the [[Baker Lake, Nunavut|Baker Lake]] area, about {{convertcvt|400|km}} to the south, where, in 1948, [[Farley Mowat]] found "a very ancient cairn, not of normal Eskimo construction"," inside which were fragments of a hardwood box with [[dovetail joint]]s.<ref>{{cite book|author=Woodman, D. C.|date=1992|title=Unravelling the Franklin Mystery: Inuit Testimony|location=Montreal|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|page=317|isbn=0773509364}} Note: Woodman was unable to track down the origin of these Inuit reports, and the builder and origins of the cairn found by Mowat are unknown.</ref> McClintock and later searchers found relics, graves, and human remains of the Franklin crew on [[Beechey Island]], King William Island, and the northern coast of the Canadian mainland.
 
==== Ships' location ====
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== Legacy ==
[[File:Francis Crozier monument in Banbridge, County Down, Ireland.JPG|thumb|upright=1.22|Francis Crozier monument in [[Banbridge]], [[County Down]], with [[polar bear]] supporters.]]
In January 2008, Crozier's home town of Banbridge hosted a memorial event, which included a service of remembrance and thanksgiving at the Church of the Holy Trinity, which was attended by more than a hundred descendants of Crozier and other officers of Franklin's lost expedition and those who searched for it, along with the chairman of Banbridge Council, and several Arctic historians, including Michael Smith and [[Russell Potter]].<ref>"Polar First Proves Great Ice-breaker", ''Banbridge Courier'', 23 January 2008.</ref>
 
[[File:Francis Crozier memorial inside Seapatrick Church, Banbridge, County Down, Ireland.JPG|thumb|upright=1.22|Francis Crozier memorial inside Seapatrick Church, Banbridge]]
A memorial to [[Sir John Franklin]] and his men was erected by order of Parliament in 1858, in the [[Painted Hall]] of London's [[Greenwich Hospital, London|Greenwich Hospital]]. It was moved to [[Greenwich Royal Naval College]]'s chapel in 1937, and was re-erected in the entrance of the former college in late 2009. At the service of thanksgiving on 29 October 2009, polar travellers and descendants of the expedition's crew celebrated their contributions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/6542_taissumanni_nov._20/ |title=Online review of recent Service of Thanksgiving |access-date=31 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306024425/http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/6542_taissumanni_nov._20/ |archive-date=6 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://visionsnorth.blogspot.com/2009/11/night-of-polar-stars.html Online blog of Service of Thanksgiving]</ref>
 
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* [[Crozier Island]] in the [[Kennedy Channel]], between Greenland and [[Ellesmere Island]]
* The lunar crater [[Crozier (crater)|Crozier]], located at 13.5°&nbsp;S, 50.8°&nbsp;E on the Moon's near side
* Crozier Hill, [[Victor Harbor, South Australia|Victor Harbor]], [[South Australia]]
* Crozier Place, a street in Stanley, [[Falkland Islands]]
* The hydrographic survey vessel [[HMSAS Protea (1922)|HMS Crozier]] was named after him in 1919.
* Francis Street in the suburb of [[Keilor Park, Victoria|Keilor Park]] in [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]]
* [[Mont Crozier|Mount Crozier]], a mountain in the French Kerguelen Islands
 
=== PopularIn popular culture ===
Francis Crozier appears as a character and the primary narrator of the 2007 best-selling novel, [[The Terror (novel)|''The Terror'']] by [[Dan Simmons]], a fictionalized account of Franklin's lost expedition, as well as the 2018 [[The Terror (TV series)|television adaptation]], where Crozier is portrayed by [[Jared Harris]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=N.|url=https://deadline.com/2016/03/the-terror-anthology-series-scott-free-1201712908/|title=AMC Orders 'The Terror' Anthology Drama Series From Scott Free|website=Deadline|date=2 March 2016|access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref> Both the novel and the television adaptation depict Crozier as the sole survivor of the expedition and joining an Inuit tribe instead of seeking to return to his homeland.▼
 
▲Francis Crozier appears as a character and the primary narrator of the 2007 best-selling novel, [[The Terror (novel)|''The Terror'']] by [[Dan Simmons]], a fictionalized account of Franklin's lost expedition, as well as the 2018 [[The Terror (TV series)|television adaptation]], where Crozier is portrayed by [[Jared Harris]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Andreeva |first=N. |url=https://deadline.com/2016/03/the-terror-anthology-series-scott-free-1201712908/|title=AMC Orders 'The Terror' Anthology Drama Series From Scott Free |website=Deadline |date=2 March 2016 |access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref> Both the novel and the television adaptation depict Crozier as the sole survivor of the expedition and joining an Inuit tribe instead of seeking to return to his homeland.
Crozier was adapted into [[Marvel Comics]] by [[Bill Mantlo]] via the Canadian superhero team [[Alpha Flight]], under the supervillain name [[Pestilence_(comics)|Pestilence]].
 
== References ==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Crozier, Francis}}
[[Category:19th-century explorers]]
[[Category:19th-century Royal Navy personnel]]
[[Category:1796 births]]
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[[Category:1840s missing person cases]]
[[Category:Date of death unknown]]
[[Category:Royal Navy officerscaptains]]▼
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Irish Antarctic explorers of Antarctica]]
[[Category:Irish Arctic explorers of the Arctic]]
[[Category:Irish people of Norman descent]]
[[Category:Lost explorers]]
[[Category:People from Banbridge]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Polar Medal]]
▲[[Category:Royal Navy officers]]
[[Category:Franklin's lost expedition]]
[[Category:Military personnel from County Down]]
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