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'''Afrobeats''', not to be confused with [[Afrobeat]] or [[Afroswing]], is an umbrella term to describe popular music from [[West Africa]] and the diaspora<ref name="Khan-2017" /><ref name="Drake-2014" /> that initially developed in [[Nigeria]], [[Ghana]], and the [[United Kingdom|UK]] in the 2000s and 2010s. Afrobeats is less of a style per se, and more of a descriptor for the fusion of sounds flowing
Afrobeats is primarily produced in [[Lagos]], [[Accra]], and [[London]]. Historian and cultural critic [[Paul Gilroy]] reflects on the changing London music scene as a result of shifting demographics:<ref name="Hancox">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/53azwz/its-called-afrobeats-not-afrobeat-and-its-taking-over-london|title=It's Called Afrobeats And It's Taking Over London|last=Hancox|first=Dan|website=Vice|date=28 December 2013 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209224712/https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/53azwz/its-called-afrobeats-not-afrobeat-and-its-taking-over-london|archive-date=2019-12-09}}</ref>
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In his earlier book, ''[[The Black Atlantic]]'', Gilroy rejects the notion that Black culture and music can be bound to one geographical region.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gilroy |title=The Black Atlantic |year=1993 |publisher=Verso |isbn=9780860916758 |pages=16}}</ref> Afrobeats exemplifies this syncretism as a transnational genre that since 2019 has received international attention.<ref name="Scher-2015" /> David Drake writes about popular Nigerian music noting it is "Picking up on trends from the U.S., Jamaica, and Trinidad, they reimagine diasporic influences and—more often than not—completely reinvent them."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Drake |title=Pop Music's Nigerian Future |website=Fader |url=https://www.thefader.com/2014/08/01/pop-musics-nigerian-future |access-date=22 August 2019 |archive-date=22 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822175715/https://www.thefader.com/2014/08/01/pop-musics-nigerian-future |url-status=live }}</ref>
Afrobeats began to experience widespread global mainstream acclaim in the late 2010s, with artists achieving success across Africa, Europe, and North America. Between 2017-2022, Afrobeats experienced a 550% growth in streams on [[Spotify]].<ref name="Osha-2022">{{Cite web |last=Osha |first=Sanya |title=2022 Grammys: what Fela Kuti has to do with West Africa's growing pop fame |url=http://theconversation.com/2022-grammys-what-fela-kuti-has-to-do-with-west-africas-growing-pop-fame-179899 |access-date=2022-04-11 |website=The Conversation |date=31 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=11 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411024738/https://theconversation.com/2022-grammys-what-fela-kuti-has-to-do-with-west-africas-growing-pop-fame-179899 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>https://restofworld.org/2024/spotify-afrobeats-go-global/</ref> In response, it has been referred to as one of Africa's 'biggest cultural' or 'musical' exports.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Al Jazeera Staff |title=Q&A: Afrobeats is 'one of Africa's biggest cultural exports' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/6/27/qa-afrobeats-is-one-of-africas-biggest-cultural-exports |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722182151/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/6/27/qa-afrobeats-is-one-of-africas-biggest-cultural-exports |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-12 |title=The story behind West Africa's huge musical export |url=https://www.redbull.com/gb-en/theredbulletin/the-story-behind-afrobeats-popularity |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=Red Bull |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722182151/https://www.redbull.com/gb-en/theredbulletin/the-story-behind-afrobeats-popularity |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Characteristics ==
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In April 2021, Davido's song "Fall" became the first Nigerian afrobeats song to receive over 200 million views on YouTube.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-06|title=Davido's 'Fall' Becomes First Afrobeats Music Video to Hit 200m Views On YouTube, See His Epic Reaction » GhBase•com™|url=https://www.ghbase.com/davidos-fall-becomes-first-afrobeats-music-video-to-hit-200m-views-on-youtube-see-his-epic-reaction/|access-date=2021-07-15|website=GhBase•com™|language=en-US|archive-date=15 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715130943/https://www.ghbase.com/davidos-fall-becomes-first-afrobeats-music-video-to-hit-200m-views-on-youtube-see-his-epic-reaction/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-06|title=Davido's 'Fall' becomes first Afrobeats song to hit 200m YouTube views|url=http://lifestyle.thecable.ng/davidos-fall-becomes-first-afrobeats-song-to-hit-200m-youtube-views/|access-date=2021-07-15|website=TheCable Lifestyle|language=en-US|archive-date=5 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905173002/https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/davidos-fall-becomes-first-afrobeats-song-to-hit-200m-youtube-views/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the same year, Wizkid and [[Tems (singer)|Tems]] became the first Nigerian pop artists to earn a spot on the [[Billboard Hot 100]] with their song "[[Essence (Wizkid song)|Essence]]", while Burna Boy became the first African artist to earn 100 million streams across three albums each on [[Spotify]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wizkid, Essence and 'Afrobeats to the world'|url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/36092/wizkid-essence-and-afrobeats-to-the-world.html|access-date=2021-07-15|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|archive-date=15 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715130941/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/36092/wizkid-essence-and-afrobeats-to-the-world.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-19|title=Burna Boy Becomes First African Artist to Reach 100 Million Streams on Spotify|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-african-giant/|access-date=2021-07-15|website=OkayAfrica|language=en|archive-date=15 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715130942/https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-african-giant/|url-status=live}}</ref>
A range of new artists, such as Rema, [[Fireboy DML]], [[Tems (singer)|Tems]], [[Joeboy]], and [[Ayra Starr]] began to gain widespread popularity around the early 2020s, with a defining sound of R&B-infused, and sometimes [[Trap music|trap]]-influenced, afrobeats music. In January 2022, Fireboy DML was the first Nigerian artist to reach the number two position on the UK Singles Chart with his "[[Peru (song)|Peru]]" remix featuring [[Ed Sheeran]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rema's album Rave & Roses is a milestone for Afropop's second… |url=https://theface.com/music/rema-rave-roses-album-review-moonchild-sanelly-ghetts-cruel-santino-fireboy-dml |access-date=2022-04-11 |website=The Face |date=30 March 2022 |language=en-gb |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407170107/https://theface.com/music/rema-rave-roses-album-review-moonchild-sanelly-ghetts-cruel-santino-fireboy-dml |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, artists such as [[Sarz]] and [[Niniola]] incorporated [[House music|house]] influences into their music (on songs such as "Ibadi" and "Shaba").<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniels |first=Maisie |date=2021-06-21 |title=NINIOLA; THE QUEEN OF AFRO HOUSE |url=https://www.fwordmag.com/single-post/niniola-the-queen-of-afro-house |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209031828/https://www.fwordmag.com/single-post/niniola-the-queen-of-afro-house |archive-date=9 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=fword |language=en}}</ref> This style of music has sometimes been dubbed 'afro-house', denoting the fusion of afrobeats and house music.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What You Need To Know About Niniola The Afro-House Queen |url=https://www.bet.com/article/v73zoh/niniola-the-queen-of-afro-house-is-a-boss-in-her-own-right |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209031828/https://www.bet.com/article/v73zoh/niniola-the-queen-of-afro-house-is-a-boss-in-her-own-right |archive-date=9 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=BET |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NINIOLA {{!}} Niniola Takes Afro-House Worldwide On Colours And Sounds |url=https://www.officialniniola.com/niniola-takes-afro-house-worldwide-on-colours-and-sounds/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209033331/https://www.officialniniola.com/niniola-takes-afro-house-worldwide-on-colours-and-sounds/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-09 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leight |first=Elias |date=2020-02-27 |title=Niniola Almost Quit Music. Now She's the Queen of Afro House |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/niniola-femi-kuti-958136/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209031828/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/niniola-femi-kuti-958136/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-09 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref>
In September 2021, [[CKay|Ckay]] became the second Nigerian pop artist to debut on the [[Billboard Hot 100]] with his song "[[Love Nwantiti]]" which peaked at number one in India, the Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland, and gained popularity across [[TikTok]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-27|title=Like Wizkid's 'Essence,' Ckay's 'Love Nwantiti' debuts on the Billboard Hot 100|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/like-wizkids-essence-ckays-love-nwantiti-debuts-on-the-billboard-hot-100/lqkz53s|access-date=2021-10-10|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archive-date=15 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015001151/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/like-wizkids-essence-ckays-love-nwantiti-debuts-on-the-billboard-hot-100/lqkz53s|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|last1=C.J|first1=Nelson|last2=C.J|first2=Nelson|date=2021-09-24|title=CKay's 'Love Nwantinti' Took Over TikTok -- But He's Only Now Getting Full Credit|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/ckay-love-nwantinti-tik-tok-1231221/|access-date=2021-10-10|magazine=Rolling Stone|language=en-US|archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109072014/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/ckay-love-nwantinti-tik-tok-1231221/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[CKay]] personally dubbed his sound 'Emo-afrobeats', noting the additional focus on emotional and romantic-focused lyricism in his music.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-04 |title=In Talks With CKay: Storytelling Is Very Key For Me, I See My Music As A Diary |url=https://www.mixtapemadness.com/blog/interviews/in-talks-with-ckay-storytelling-is-very-key-for-me-i-see-my-music-as-a-diary |access-date=2022-06-25 |website=Mixtape Madness |archive-date=4 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204142058/https://www.mixtapemadness.com/blog/interviews/in-talks-with-ckay-storytelling-is-very-key-for-me-i-see-my-music-as-a-diary |url-status=live }}</ref> In the same month Wizkid's "Essence" became the first African song to be certified platinum and to reach the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wizkid ft Justin Bieber and Tems reach the Top ten of Hot 100|url=https://twitter.com/billboardcharts/status/1447626926143770627|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-14|website=Twitter|language=en|archive-date=11 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011191436/https://twitter.com/billboardcharts/status/1447626926143770627}}</ref>
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== Subgenres ==
=== Afro-Adura ===
Afro-Adura, also known as Afro-Trenches<ref>https://www.theafricareport.com/305158/afrobeats-to-afro-adura-much-ado-about-a-sub-genre/</ref>, is a subgenre of afrobeats with a lyrical focus on spirituality and uplifting messages that emerged in 2022<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Ajayi |first=Dami |date=2023-12-08 |title=The Devil Works Hard but Asake Works Harder |url=https://republic.com.ng/december-23-january-24/the-assiduous-ethic-of-asake/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=The Republic |language=en-GB}}</ref>, while also containing references to the harsh realities of street life and escaping poverty. Afro-adura production styles are 'energetic' and 'melancholic', while lyrics are often sung in the [[Yoruba language]]. The name is a [[Portmantuea|portmanteau]] of "afro" (from afrobeats) and "adura" (meaning "prayer" in Yoruba).<ref name=":2">https://culturecustodian.com/afro-adura-a-passing-fad-or-a-tune-that-perseveres-through-time/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Can the growing presence of melancholy in Street music make it Nigeria’s foremost genre? {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/examining-the-growing-presence-of-melancholy-in-street-music-2024072623061017757 |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Afeez |first=Ademoye |date=2024-11-26 |title=Here are the Afrobeats Breakout Artistes of 2024 |url=https://notjustok.com/article/who-are-the-afrobeats-breakout-artistes-of-2024/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=NotjustOk |language=en-US}}</ref> In January 2023, [[Boomplay]] launched an official afro-adura playlist, describing the genre as "music for the street by the street with the major element being the introspective and motivational lyrics".<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Olagunju |first=Doyin |date=2023-05-27 |title=Afrobeats: The birth of Afro-Adura |url=https://africanarguments.org/2023/05/afrobeats-the-birth-of-afro-adura/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=African Arguments |language=en-GB}}</ref>
Artists associated with the genre include [[Seyi Vibez]], [[Tope Alabi]], [[9ice]], [[Oritse Femi]], [[Jaywon]], [[Dotman]], [[Barry Jhay]], [[Bella Shmurda]], [[Zinoleesky]], [[MohBad]], [[Asake]], [[T.I Blaze]], [[Magicsticks]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
Afro-adura has alternatively been referred to as a subgenre of street-hop, or even as a synonym for street-hop.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2024-05-10 |title=Harteez blends melody, storytelling in new EP, ‘Milestone’ |url=https://guardian.ng/news/harteez-blends-melody-storytelling-in-new-ep-milestone/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Seyi Vibez personally stated he was not aware of the term,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-19 |title=49th Exclusive: Dibs Is The New Best Thing! |url=https://the49thstreet.com/49th-exclusive-dibs-is-the-new-best-thing/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> and it has been criticised as an unnecessary 'branding exercise'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afrobeats in 2023: Olamide, Asake, Ruger, Burna Boy… |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/281259/afrobeats-in-2023-olamide-asake-ruger-burna-boy/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en}}</ref>
=== Azonto ===
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==Fusion and derivative genres==
=== Afropiano ===
Afropiano (a
In the early 2020s, Afropiano became one of the most popular forms of afrobeats.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From Afrobeats to Amapiano, is it time for Afropiano on the global stage? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/237541/from-afrobeats-to-amapiano-is-it-time-for-afropiano-on-the-global-stage/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en |archive-date=9 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209013809/https://www.theafricareport.com/237541/from-afrobeats-to-amapiano-is-it-time-for-afropiano-on-the-global-stage/ |url-status=live }}</ref> One of the most well-known afropiano songs that helped popularize the style of music in its earlier days is the track "Monalisa" by [[Lojay]] and [[Sarz]]. The song entered the top 10 list of music on the [[Billboard U.S. Afrobeats Songs|Billboard U.S. Afrobeats Songs charts]] and became the most Shazamed Afrobeats song globally in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa: Lojay and Sarz on the making of 'Monalisa' & their blend of Afrobeats and Amapiano |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/224967/south-africa-lojay-and-sarz-on-the-making-of-monalisa-their-blend-of-afrobeats-and-amapiano/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109173221/https://www.theafricareport.com/224967/south-africa-lojay-and-sarz-on-the-making-of-monalisa-their-blend-of-afrobeats-and-amapiano/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Cusson |first=Michael |date=2022-03-29 |title=Billboard U.S. Afrobeats Songs |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/billboard-u-s-afrobeats-songs/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US |archive-date=20 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120012039/https://www.billboard.com/charts/billboard-u-s-afrobeats-songs/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lojay's Monalisa becomes Most Shazamed Afrobeats Song Globally |url=https://www.coolfm.ng/kano/news/editorial/lojays-monalisa-becomes-most-shazamed-globally/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=Cool FM - Your Number One Hit Music Station ! |language=en |archive-date=17 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517100157/https://www.coolfm.ng/kano/news/editorial/lojays-monalisa-becomes-most-shazamed-globally/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0"/> Other afropiano songs include ''"Champion Sound"'' by [[Davido]], ''"Amapiano"'' by [[Asake]], ''"Go low"'' by [[L.A.X (musician)|LAX]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Music: Afropiano and its Cultural Significance – CultureTree |url=https://culturetree.co.uk/uncategorized/african-music-afropiano-and-its-cultural-significance/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |language=en |archive-date=12 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112004305/https://culturetree.co.uk/uncategorized/african-music-afropiano-and-its-cultural-significance/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ogunyemi |first=Ifedayo |date=2021-11-23 |title=How I pioneered Afropiano sound with L.A.X's monster record 'GO LOW' ― Hit maker, Clemzy |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/how-i-pioneered-afropiano-sound-with-l-a-xs-monster-record-go-low-%E2%80%95-hit-maker-clemzy/ |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB |archive-date=7 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107135812/https://tribuneonlineng.com/how-i-pioneered-afropiano-sound-with-l-a-xs-monster-record-go-low-%E2%80%95-hit-maker-clemzy/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Afrosoca ===
Afrosoca is a fusion genre of afrobeats and [[soca music]] with some influences from [[dancehall]]. The genre was pioneered in [[Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad & Tobago]] by Nigerian and Trinidadian artists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caribbeanlifenews.com/stories/2018/8/q-jamaica-center-caribbean-spirit-2018-08-10-cl.html|title=Caribbean spirit: Queens denizens celebrate Island culture|last=Alexandra Simon|website=Caribbean Life|date=10 August 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828061013/https://www.caribbeanlifenews.com/stories/2018/8/q-jamaica-center-caribbean-spirit-2018-08-10-cl.html|archive-date=2019-08-28|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kuwonu-2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/278412/african-music-on-a-round-tripfrom-cotonou-to-cuba-and-back.html|title=African music on a round trip—from Cotonou to Cuba and back|website=Nigerian Voice|access-date=2019-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828052657/https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/278412/african-music-on-a-round-tripfrom-cotonou-to-cuba-and-back.html|archive-date=2019-08-28|url-status=live}}</ref> The genre has been pioneered by artists such as Olatunji, [[Machel Montano]], and [[Timaya]]. Olatunji's song "Ola" was one of the most popular songs in Trinidad's 2015 carnival season,<ref name="Kuwonu-2019" /> leading Olatunji to earn the prize "Groovy Soca Monarch" for his performance at the [[International Soca Monarch]] competition.<ref name="Serwer-2016">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2016/02/25/afrosoca-trinidad-carnival-olatunji|title=How Soca Is Absorbing Afrobeats To Create A New Subgenre|website=The FADER|language=en|access-date=2019-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828061002/https://www.thefader.com/2016/02/25/afrosoca-trinidad-carnival-olatunji|archive-date=2019-08-28|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Serwer-2017">{{Cite web|url=https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2017/03/soca-guide|title=Red Bull Music Academy Daily|website=daily.redbullmusicacademy.com|access-date=2019-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828053628/https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2017/03/soca-guide|archive-date=2019-08-28|url-status=live}}</ref> Another notable song is the remix of "Shake Your Bum Bum" by Timaya and Machel Montano released in 2014, which was a hit in Trinidad.<ref name="Serwer-2017" /><ref name="Dixon-2016">{{Cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/neo/NeoProxy.dll?app=NeoDirect&com=6%2F2%2F355161%2Fe8e3742444|title=Is Afrosoca set to dominate?|last=Dixon|first=Bo-bie-Lee|website=www.guardian.co.tt|language=en|access-date=2019-08-28|archive-date=26 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726183200/https://www.guardian.co.tt/neo/NeoProxy.dll?app=NeoDirect&com=6%2F2%2F355161%2Fe8e3742444|url-status=live}}</ref> By 2016, a wave of Afro Soca songs were released coinciding with the years carnival season in Trinidad. Notable songs include Olatunji's "Oh Yah" and [[Fay-Ann Lyons]] and [[Stonebwoy|Stonebwoy B's]] song "Block D Road".<ref name="Serwer-2017" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2016/08/29/best-carnival-songs-playlist|title=32 Songs You Need This Carnival Season|website=The FADER|language=en|access-date=2019-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828061003/https://www.thefader.com/2016/08/29/best-carnival-songs-playlist|archive-date=2019-08-28|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/oct/16/playlist-reggae-dancehall-soca-sanjay-keznamdi-bunji-garlin-and-more|title=The playlist – reggae, dancehall and soca: Sanjay, Keznamdi, Bunji Garlin and more|last=MacLeod|first=Erin|date=2015-10-16|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-08-28|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828061006/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/oct/16/playlist-reggae-dancehall-soca-sanjay-keznamdi-bunji-garlin-and-more|archive-date=2019-08-28|url-status=live}}</ref>
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