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| image_caption = From top left: Downtown Yellowknife, [[Great Slave Lake]] from Old Town, [[Aurora|Aurora borealis]] over Yellowknife, houseboats on Yellowknife Bay in winter
| image_flag = Flag of Yellowknife, NWT.svg
| flag_size =
| image_shield = City of Yellowknife CoA.svg
| shield_size = 80
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| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1934<ref name="about"/>
| established_title2 = Incorporation (
| established_date2 =
| established_title3 = Capital city<ref name=incorporation/>
| established_date3 = September 1967
| established_title4 = Incorporation (city)<ref name=incorporation/>
| established_date4 = 1970
| area_footnotes = (land only)<ref name=2021census/>
| area_total_km2 = 134.15
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}}
'''Yellowknife'''
Yellowknife and its surrounding water bodies were named after a local [[Dene]] tribe, who were known as the "Copper Indians" or "Yellowknife Indians", today incorporated as the [[Yellowknives Dene First Nation]]. They traded tools made from [[copper]] deposits near the Arctic Coast. Modern Yellowknives members can be found in city and in the adjoining, primarily Indigenous communities of [[Ndilǫ]] and [[Dettah]].
The city's population, which is ethnically mixed, was 20,340 per the [[2021 Canadian Census]].<ref name=2021census/><ref name=2021popcentYZF/> Of the eleven official languages of the Northwest Territories, five are spoken in significant numbers in Yellowknife: [[Chipewyan language|Dene Suline]], [[Dogrib language|Dogrib]], [[Slavey language|South and North Slavey]], English, and French. In the Dogrib language, the city is known as ''Sǫǫ̀mbak’è'' ({{IPA
The Yellowknife settlement is considered to have been founded in 1934,<ref name="about">{{cite web|url=http://www.yellowknife.ca/en/discovering-yellowknife/about-yellowknife.asp|title=About Yellowknife|website=www.yellowknife.ca|access-date=28 August 2015|archive-date=29 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529091646/https://www.yellowknife.ca/en/discovering-yellowknife/about-yellowknife.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> after [[gold]] was found in the area, although commercial activity in the present-day waterfront area did not begin until 1936. Yellowknife quickly became the centre of economic activity in the NWT, and was named the capital of the Northwest Territories in 1967. As gold production began to wane, Yellowknife shifted from being a [[mining]] town to a centre of government services in the 1980s. However, with the discovery of [[diamond]]s north of the city in 1991,<ref name="diamonds found">{{cite web|url=http://www.yellowknife.ca/Visitors/About_Yellowknife.html |title=About Yellowknife|work=City of Yellowknife|access-date=25 August 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226224508/http://www.yellowknife.ca/Visitors/About_Yellowknife.html |archive-date=26 February 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref> this shift began to reverse. In recent years, tourism, transportation, and communications have also emerged as significant Yellowknife industries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yellowknife.ca/en/discovering-yellowknife/about-yellowknife.asp|title=About Yellowknife|website=www.yellowknife.ca|access-date=29 January 2018|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809104604/https://www.yellowknife.ca/en/discovering-yellowknife/about-yellowknife.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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[[File:Yellowknife, 1932 - N-1986-015-0013.jpg|thumb|left|Yellowknife from Back Bay. In the 1930s, the area was home to a number of [[prospectors]].]]
The following year, Johnny Baker returned as part of a larger crew to develop the previous gold finds and search for more. Gold was found on the east side of Yellowknife Bay in 1934 and the short-lived [[Burwash Mine]] was developed. When government geologists uncovered gold in more favourable geology on the west side of Yellowknife Bay in the fall of 1935, a small staking rush occurred.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pwnhc.learnnet.nt.ca/timeline/1925/1935_Jolliffe.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018033321/http://pwnhc.learnnet.nt.ca/timeline/1925/1935_Jolliffe.htm|url-status=dead |archive-date=18 October 2006|title=Northwest Territories Timeline – Dr. Alfred Joliffe, Geological Survey of Canada|publisher=Prince of Whales Northern Heritage Centre|access-date=23 January 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> From 1935 to 1937, one prospector and trapper named Winslow C. Ranney staked in the area between David Lake and Rater Lake with few commercial results. The nearby hill known as [[Ranney Hill]] is his namesake and a popular hiking destination today. [[Con Mine]] was the most impressive gold deposit and its development created the excitement that led to the first settlement of Yellowknife in 1936–1937. Some of the first businesses were Corona Inn, [[Weaver & Devore Trading]], Yellowknife Supplies and post office, and [[The Wildcat Cafe]]. Con Mine entered production on 5 September 1938. Yellowknife boomed in the summer of 1938 and many new businesses were established, including the [[Canadian Bank of Commerce]], [[Hudson's Bay Company]], Vic Ingraham's first hotel,
The population of Yellowknife quickly grew to 1,000 by 1940, and by 1942, five gold mines were in production in the Yellowknife region. However, by 1944, gold production had ground to a halt as men were needed for [[Military history of Canada during World War II|the war effort]]. An exploration program at the [[Giant Mine]] property on the north end of town had suggested a sizable gold deposit in 1944. This new find resulted in a massive post-war staking rush to Yellowknife.<ref name="decoursey">Decoursey, Duke. ''The Yellowknife Years'', Parkview Publishing, Squamish, BC. p. 112.</ref> It also resulted in new discoveries at the Con Mine, greatly extending the life of the mine. The Yellowknife townsite expanded from the Old Town waterfront, and the new townsite was established during 1945–1946. The [[Discovery Mine]], with its own townsite, operated {{cvt|81|km}} to the north-northeast of Yellowknife from 1950 to 1969.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pwnhc.learnnet.nt.ca/timeline/1925/1944_NormByrne.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018143923/http://pwnhc.learnnet.nt.ca/timeline/1925/1944_NormByrne.htm|url-status=dead |archive-date=18 October 2006|title=Northwest Territories Timeline – Discovery Mine|publisher=Prince of Whales Northern Heritage Centre|access-date=23 January 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
[[File:Yellowknife in 40s-50s.jpg|thumb|left|Mid 20th-century Yellowknife; the community was incorporated as a municipality in 1953.]]
Between 1939 and 1953, [[Yellowknife (administrative district)|Yellowknife Administration district]] was controlled by the [[Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada|Northern Affairs department]] (now Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada) of the [[Government of Canada]]. A small council, partially elected and partially appointed, made decisions. By 1953, Yellowknife had grown so much that it was made a municipality, with its own council and town hall. The first mayor of Yellowknife was [[Jock McNiven]]. In September 1967, Yellowknife officially became the [[History of Northwest Territories capital cities|capital of the Northwest Territories]]. This important new status sparked what has been coined as the third boom in Yellowknife. New sub-divisions were established to house an influx of government workers.<ref name=incorporation>{{cite web|url=
In 1978 the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] nuclear-powered satellite [[Kosmos 954]] crashed to Earth near Yellowknife. There were no known casualties, although a small quantity of radioactive [[nuclear fuel]] was released into the environment, and [[Kosmos 954#Recovery|Operation Morning Light]]—an attempt to retrieve it—was only partially successful.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pwnhc.learnnet.nt.ca/timeline/1975/1978_Cosmos.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016215832/http://pwnhc.learnnet.nt.ca/timeline/1975/1978_Cosmos.htm|url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2006|title=Northwest Territories Timeline – Cosmos 954 and Operation Morning Light|publisher=Prince of Whales Northern Heritage Centre|access-date=23 January 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
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=== Climate ===
Yellowknife has a [[subarctic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dfc'', [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]] ''Ecld''). Although winter is predominantly polar, rapid [[heat wave]]s emerge at the summit of summer due to the immense path south.<ref>{{cite web|title=The High Subarctic Forest-Tundra of Northwestern Canada: Position, Width, and Vegetation Gradients in Relation to Climate|publisher=University of Calgary|first1=K.P.|last1=Timoney|first2=G.H.|last2=la Roi|first3=S.C.|last3=Zoltai|first4=A.L.|last4=Robinson|url=http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic45-1-1.pdf|year=1991|access-date=2 March 2008|df=dmy-all|archive-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003195826/http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic45-1-1.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city averages less than {{cvt|300|mm}} of precipitation annually, as it lies in the [[rain shadow]] of mountain ranges to the west.<ref name="YZFccn"/> Due to its location on Great Slave Lake, Yellowknife has a frost-free [[growing season]] that averages slightly over 100 days.<ref name="ulaval">{{cite web|url=http://www.cen.ulaval.ca/paleo/publications/Articles/Pienitz.1997b.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409145807/http://www.cen.ulaval.ca/paleo/publications/Articles/Pienitz.1997b.pdf |archive-date=9 April 2008|title=Physical and chemical limnology|publisher=University of Laval|access-date=2 March 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In an occasional year, the first fall frost does not come until October.<ref>[https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=1953-01-01%7C2013-01-17&dlyRange=1942-07-01%7C2013-01-16&mlyRange=1942-01-01%7C2007-11-01&StationID=1706&Prov=NT&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=specDate&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2019&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=9&Day=25&txtStationName=yellowknife&timeframe=2&Year=2012 Yellowknife Airport daily weather September 2012]</ref> Most of the limited precipitation falls between June and October, with April being the driest month of the year and August having the most rainfall. Snow that falls in winter accumulates on the ground until the spring thaw.
[[File:Ice Fog in Yellowknife.jpg|thumb|left|Heavy [[ice fog]] can develop on the coldest winter mornings]]
Yellowknife experiences very cold winters and mild to warm summers. The average temperature in January is around {{cvt|-26|C}} and {{cvt|17|C}} in July.<ref name="YZFccn"/> According to [[Environment and Climate Change Canada]], Yellowknife has the sunniest summer in the country, averaging 1,034 hours from June to August.<ref name=weatherwinners>{{cite web|url=http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/winners/categorydata_e.html?SelectedCategory=43&submit=Submit |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121216035648/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/winners/categorydata_e.html?SelectedCategory=43&submit=Submit |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 December 2012 |title=Sunniest Summer |work=Weather Winners |publisher=Environment Canada |access-date=15 May 2013 }}</ref> The lowest temperature ever recorded in Yellowknife was {{cvt|-51.2|C}} on 31 January 1947, and the highest was {{cvt|32.6|C}} on 2 August 2021.<ref name="YZFccn"/> Yellowknife averages 2256.5 hours of bright sunshine per year or 43.5% of possible daylight hours, ranging from a low of 15.4% in December to a high of 63.0% in June.<ref name="YZFccn"/> Due to its warm summer temperatures, Yellowknife is well below the Arctic [[tree line]] in stark contrast to areas farther east in Canada on similar parallels.
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==== Transit ====
[[YKTransit]] (formerly Yellowknife Transit
==== Road ====
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=== Events ===
[[File:Snowking Ice Castle Courtyard.jpg|thumb|upright|The courtyard for the [[Snowking Winter Festival]]'s castle. The festival is an annual festival that is centred around a [[Snow fort|snow castle]] on the [[Great Slave Lake]].]]
[[File:Elon Muskox.jpg|thumb|Elon Muskox, a muskox sculpture at the front of Yellowknife City Hall (summer).]]▼
* Folk on the Rocks is a local music festival that has been an annual occurrence since 1980. The event features a wide variety of musical acts; it is not limited to only Folk. In the past, it has drawn acts such as [[Buffy Sainte-Marie]], the [[Trailer Park Boys]], [[The Weakerthans]], [[African Guitar Summit]], [[Corb Lund]], [[Fred Penner]], [[Stan Rogers]], [[Gord Downie]], [[Tanya Tagaq]], [[Dan Mangan]], [[Sam Roberts (singer-songwriter)|Sam Roberts Band]], [[Sloan (band)|Sloan]], [[The Strumbellas]], [[Joel Plaskett]], [[Ron Sexsmith]] and [[Hawksley Workman]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.folkontherocks.com/archives.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708205606/http://www.folkontherocks.com/archives.php |archive-date=8 July 2007|title=Performer Archives|publisher=Folk on the Rocks Music Festival|access-date=15 April 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
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| image2 = Yellowknife Wildcat Cafe (angle).JPG
| caption2 = First opened in 1937, [[The Wildcat Cafe|Wildcat Cafe]] is the oldest restaurant in Yellowknife.
| image3 = Elon Muskox.jpg
▲
}}
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=== Television ===
{{More citations needed|1=section|date=November 2024}}
{{outdated|French-language transmitters|date=November 2024}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
![[Terrestrial television|OTA]] channel
|[[Yle TV1]]▼
|-
|8 ([[very high frequency|VHF]])
|[[CBC Television]]
|Flagship television station for [[CBC North]]
|-
|11 ([[very high frequency|VHF]])
|[[Aboriginal Peoples Television Network#Distribution|CHTY-TV]]
|[[Aboriginal Peoples Television Network]]
|Flagship television station for the [[Aboriginal Peoples Television Network]]
|-
|13 ([[very high frequency|VHF]]){{cn|date=November 2024}}
|[[CBFT-DT|CH4127]]
|[[Ici Radio-Canada Télé]]
|Community-owned rebroadcaster of [[CBFT-DT]] ([[Montreal]]). Status after 2010 is unknown; Ici Grand Nord<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.clo-ocol.gc.ca/sites/default/files/2023-12/nwt-pres8.pdf|title=The French Presence in the Northwest Territories|date=December 2023|accessdate=28 November 2024|publisher=Government of Canada Publications}}</ref> and Unis TV<ref>{{cite web|url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2019/clo-ocol/SF31-141-12-2018-fra.pdf|title=Le fait français dans les Territories du Nord-Ouest|accessdate=28 November 2024|lang=fr-ca|publisher=Government of Canada Publications|date=December 2018}}</ref> were instead known to be broadcast on cable as of December 2023.
|-
|17 ([[ultra high frequency|UHF]]){{cn|date=November 2024}}
|CHNP-TV{{cn|date=November 2024}}
|[[Independent station]]
|Branded on air as “Isuma Local Media”
|-
|35 ([[ultra high frequency|UHF]]){{cn|date=November 2024}}
|CHUT-TV{{cn|date=November 2024}}
|Legislative Assembly of Nunavut and the Northwest Territories{{cn|date=November 2024}}▼
|Branded on-air as “Legislative Assembly Television”{{cn|date=November 2024}}▼
▲|Legislative Assembly of Nunavut and the Northwest Territories
▲|Branded on-air as “Legislative Assembly Television”
|-
|44 ([[ultra high frequency|UHF]]){{cn|date=November 2024}}
|CKLT-TV{{cn|date=November 2024}}
|[[Uvagut TV]]
|
|}
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* [[Greg Vaydik]], National Hockey League player
* [[Max Ward (aviator)|Max Ward]], pioneering [[Bush flying|bush pilot]] and founder of [[Wardair]], later sold to [[Canadian Airlines]]
* [[Ewan Affleck]], Canadian general practitioner and
{{div end}}
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