Taliesin (studio): Difference between revisions

| visitation_num = 25,000<ref name="Milan 2024"/><ref name="Verburg 2010">{{cite news |last=Verburg |first=Steven |title=Amid an Architectural Wonder, a Family Grows |url=http://host.madison.com/news/local/amid-an-architectural-wonder-a-family-grows/article_a07ac998-c38e-5092-89e7-e643aa45b5f0.html |work=[[Wisconsin State Journal]] |date=July 25, 2010 |access-date=October 17, 2013 |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829201223/http://host.madison.com/news/local/amid-an-architectural-wonder-a-family-grows/article_a07ac998-c38e-5092-89e7-e643aa45b5f0.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

'''Taliesin''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|æ|l|iiː|ˈ|ɛ|s|ᵻɪ|n}} {{Respell|tal|ee|ess|in}};<ref name="The Reporter 2004">{{Cite news |date=May 30, 2004 |title=Preserving architectural gem a slow project |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-reporter-preserving-architectural-ge/159939002/ |access-date=November 29, 2024 |work=The Reporter |pages=25 |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> sometimes known as '''Taliesin East''',<ref name="p222157728Campbell 2003">{{Cite magazine |last=Campbell |first=Robert |date=Apr 2003 |title=What becomes a legend most? Restoring Wright's greatest work raises some sticky questions |work=Architectural Record |pages=93-9693–96 |volume=191 |issue=4 |id={{pq|222157728}}}}</ref><ref name="Yenckel 1987">{{cite news |last=Yenckel |first=James T.  |date=February 1, 1987 |title=Places and Spaces of Frank Lloyd Wright; Other Wright Sites |work=The Washington Post |page=E01 |issn=0190-8286 |id={{ProQuest|306864489}}}}</ref> '''Taliesin Spring Green''', or '''Taliesin North''' after 1937) is a house-studio complex located {{convert|2.5|mi}} south of the village of [[Spring Green, Wisconsin]], United States. Developed and occupied by American architect [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], the {{convert|600|acre|adj=on}} estate, located atop a ridge, is an exemplar of the [[Prairie School]] of architecture. Wright began developing the estate in 1911 on land that previously belonged to his maternal family.

Wright designed the main Taliesin home and studio with his mistress, [[Mamah Borthwick]], after leaving his first wife and home in [[Oak Park, Illinois]]. The design of the original building was consistent with the design principles of the Prairie School, emulating the flatness of the plains and the natural [[limestone]] outcroppings of Wisconsin's [[Driftless Area]]. The structure (which included agricultural and studio wings) was completed in 1911. The name, Taliesin, meaning '"shining- brow'" in [[Welsh language|Welsh]], was initially used for thisthe first building, which was (built on and into the brow of a hill; orit ridge) andwas later forextended to the entire estate.

Over the course of Wright's occupancy, two major fires led to significant alterations; these three stages are referred to as Taliesin I, II, and III. In 1914, after a disgruntled employee set fire to the living quarters and murdered Borthwick and six others, Wright rebuilt the Taliesin residential wing, but he used the second estate only sparingly, returning there in 1922 following the completion of the [[Imperial Hotel, Tokyo]]. An electrical fire gutted Taliesin II's living quarters in April 1925, and he rebuilt it later that year. Wright lost the house to foreclosure in 1927 but was able to reacquire it the next year, with financial help from friends. In 1932, he established a fellowship for architectural students at the estate. Taliesin III was Wright's home for the rest of his life, although he began to spend the winters at [[Taliesin West]] in [[Scottsdale, Arizona]], upon its completion in 1937. Many of Wright's acclaimed buildings were designed at Taliesin, including [[Fallingwater]], the [[Herbert and Katherine Jacobs First House|"Jacobs I"]] (the first Wright-designed residence of Herbert and Katherine Jacobs)house, the [[Johnson Wax Headquarters]], and the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]]. Wright, who was also an avid collector of Asian art, used Taliesin as a storehouse and private museum.

Jones Valley, the [[Wisconsin River]] valley in which Taliesin sits, was formed during [[Pre-Illinoian]] glaciation. This region of North America, known as the [[Driftless Area]], was totally surrounded by ice during [[Wisconsin glaciation]], but the area itself was not glaciated. The result is an unusually hilly landscape with deeply carved river valleys.<ref>{{cite web |title=Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge |publisher=[[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] |url=http://www.fws.gov/refuges/profiles/index.cfm?id=32596 |access-date=September 24, 2013 |archive-date=February 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202103859/http://www.fws.gov/refuges/profiles/index.cfm?id=32596 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Mickelson|Attig|1999|p=93}}

The valley, approximately {{convert|2.5|mi}} south of the village of [[Spring Green, Wisconsin]],{{sfn|Henning|2011|p=3}} was originally settled by [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]'s maternal grandfather, Richard Lloyd Jones. Jones had emigrated with his family from [[Wales]], moving to the town of [[Ixonia, Wisconsin|Ixonia]] in [[Jefferson County, Wisconsin]]. In 1858, Jones and the family moved from Ixonia to this part of Wisconsin to start a farm.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tauscher |first1=Cathy |last2=Hughes |first2=Peter |title=Jenkin Lloyd Jones |series=Dictionary of Unitarian Universalist Biography |publisher=Unitarian Universalist History and Heritage Society |year=2007 |url=http://uudb.org/articles/jenkinlloydjones.html |access-date=October 6, 2014 |archive-date=October 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010000337/http://uudb.org/articles/jenkinlloydjones.html |url-status=live}}</ref> By the 1870s, Jones' sons had taken over operation of the farm, and they invited Wright to work during summers as a farmhand.{{sfn|McCrea|2012|p=35}}

Wright's aunts Jane and Ellen C. Lloyd Jones (known as Jennie and Nell) began a [[Mixed-sex education|co-educational school]], the [[Hillside Home School I|Hillside Home School]], on the farm in 1887 and let Wright design the building; this was Wright's first independent commission. In 1896, Wright's aunts again commissioned Wright, this time to build a windmill. The resulting [[Romeo and Juliet Windmill]] was unorthodox but stable. By 1901 the school role was such that the original building was inadequate, and Wright was commissioned to design a replacement.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://flwright.org/explore/hillside-home-school |title=Hillside Home School, for Jane and Ellen Lloyd Jones |publisher=Frank Lloyd Wright Trust |access-date=August 20, 2024 |archive-date=August 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820055124/https://flwright.org/explore/hillside-home-school |url-status=live}}</ref> This became [[Hillside Home School II]], and Wright later sent several of his children to the school.{{sfn|McCrea|2012|p=56}} Wright's final commission on the farm was [[Tan-y-Deri]], a house for his sister Jane Porter, completed in 1907.{{sfn|McCrea|2012|p=35}}<ref name="Kuhl 1991">{{Cite news |last=Kuhl |first=Sara |date=May 5, 1991-05-05 |title=Breathing life into architecture |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wausau-daily-herald-breathing-life-into/159884986/ |access-date=2024-11-November 28, 2024 |work=Wausau Daily Herald |pages=48}}</ref> Tan-y-Deri, [[Welsh language|Welsh]] for "under the oaks", was a design based on his recent ''[[Ladies Home Journal]]'' article "[[A Fireproof House for $5000]]." The family, their ideas, religion, and ideals, greatly influenced the young Wright, who later changed his middle name from Lincoln (in honor of [[Abraham Lincoln]]) to Lloyd in deference to his mother's family.{{sfn|McCrea|2012|p=35}}

When Wright decided to construct a home in this valley, he chose the name of the Welsh [[bard]] [[Taliesin]], whose name means "shining brow"{{Sfn|McCarter|1997|page=119}} or "radiant brow". Wright learned of the poet through [[Richard Hovey]]'s ''Taliesin: A Masque'',<ref>{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Taliesin: A Masque |url=https://d.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/text/hovey-taliesin-a-masque |access-date=May 16, 2022 |website=d.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/ |archive-date=November 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118215050/https://d.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/text/hovey-taliesin-a-masque |url-status=live }}</ref> a story about an artist's struggle for identity.{{sfn|Menocal|1992|pp=44–45}} The Welsh name also suited Wright's roots, as the Lloyd Joneses gave Welsh names to their properties.{{sfn|Wright|1943|p=167}} The hill upon which Taliesin was built was a favorite from Wright's youth; he saw the house as a "shining brow" on the hill,{{sfn|Wright|1943|p=170}}{{sfn|McCrea|2012|p=114}} in hope of a place of refuge "but I had forgotten grandfather Isiah's punishments and beatings".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wright |first=Frank Lloyd |title=An Autobiography: Frank Lloyd Wright |date=1932 |publisher=Longman's, Green |isbn=978-0764932434}}</ref><ref name="arte">

{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Dokumentarfilm: Frank Lloyd Wright – Der Phoenix aus der Asche |url=https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/dokumentarfilm/architekturgenie-frank-lloyd-wright/swr-fernsehen/Y3JpZDovL3N3ci5kZS9hZXgvbzE1NDE3NzE/ |access-date=October 8, 2021 |website=www.ardmediathek.de |language=de |archive-date=October 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008180858/https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/dokumentarfilm/architekturgenie-frank-lloyd-wright/swr-fernsehen/Y3JpZDovL3N3ci5kZS9hZXgvbzE1NDE3NzE/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Although the name was originally only applied to the house, Wright later used the term to refer to the entire property. Wright and others used roman numerals to distinguish the three versions of the house.{{sfn|Henning|2011|p=5}}

At Taliesin, Wright wanted to live in unison with Mamah, his ancestry, and with nature. He chose only local building materials. The house was designed to nestle against the hill, in an example of Wright's "[[organic architecture]]". The bands of windows, one of his trademarks, allow nature to enter the house., Theand the fluid transitions from interior to exterior arewere fluent,radical whichfor the time.<ref name="arte" /> This was radicalin atkeeping with Wright's belief that the timearchitecture should be "of" the hill, not "on" it.<ref name="Welchman x410">{{cite web |last=Welchman |first=John |date=August 25, 1985 |title=Wright's Legacy In Wisconsin: An excursion to Taliesin and beyond Wisconsin |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/25/travel/wright-s-legacy-in-wisconsin.html |access-date=November 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> "I attend the greatest of churches. I spell nature with a capital N. That is my church", he said in a TV interview in 1957.<ref name="arte" />

Upon moving in with Borthwick in the winter of 1911, Wright resumed work on his architectural projects, but he struggled to secure commissions because of the ongoing negative publicity over his affair with Borthwick (whose ex-husband, [[Edwin Cheney]], maintained primary [[Child custody|custody]] of their son and daughter). However, Wright did produce some of his most acclaimed works during this time period, including the [[Midway Gardens]] in [[Chicago]] and the [[Avery Coonley House|Avery Coonley Playhouse]] in [[Riverside, Illinois|Riverside]]. He also indulged his hobby for collecting [[Japanese art]], and quickly became a renowned authority. Borthwick translated four works from Swedish [[difference feminist]] [[Ellen Key]].{{sfn|McCrea|2012|p=131}}

Before he left, Carlton plotted to kill theTaliesin's workers and residents.{{sfn|McCrea|2012|p=192}}<ref of,name="n160187162">{{Cite andnews workers|date=2014-08-13 at,|title=Town rises to occasion after Taliesin mass murder |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times-town-rises-to-occasion/160187162/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |work=The Capital Times |pages=22}}</ref> His primary target was draftsman Emil Brodelle, who had racially abused Carlton on August 12 for not following an order. Brodelle and Carlton also engaged in a minor physical confrontation two days later.{{sfn|McCrea|2012|p=192}} He planned the assault, targeting the noon hour, when Borthwick, her visiting children, and the studio personnel would be on opposite sides of Taliesin's living quarters awaiting lunch.<ref name="n160187162" />{{sfn|Secrest|1992|pp=218–219}}{{sfn|McCrea|2012|pp=188–191}} Wright was away in Chicago completing Midway Gardens while Borthwick stayed at home with her two children, 11-year-old John and 8-year-old Martha. As only two survived that day and there was no criminal trial, the sequence of events have been posited based on details from the two survivors (William Weston and Herbert Fritz), and evidence found at the scene.{{sfn|Secrest|1992|pp=218–219}}{{sfn|McCrea|2012|pp=188–191}}

On August 15, Carlton grabbed a shingling [[hatchet]] and began an attack. It is believed that he started with Borthwick and two of her children, John and Martha, whoMartha—who were waiting on the porch off the living room{{sfn|Secrest|1992|pp=218–219}}{{sfn|McCrea|2012|pp=188–191}}—as they were the most vulnerable of his targets.<ref name="n160187162" /> Apparently, Mamah Borthwick was killed by a single blow to the head, and her son John was killed as he sat in his chair. Martha managed to flee, but was hunted down and killed in the courtyard. Carlton then coated the bodies in [[gasoline]] and set them on fire, setting the house ablaze.{{sfn|Secrest|1992|pp=218–219}}{{sfn|McCrea|2012|pp=188–191}} He then attacked the living quarters where the staff were situated, pouring [[gasoline]] underneath the door of the far end of the quarters and setting them on fire. Draftsman Herbert Fritz managed to break open a window and escape, though he broke his arm in the process.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/justice-story/wright-mare-massacre-frank-lloyd-home-article-1.1591522 |authorfirst=Mara |last=Bovsun |title=Cook massacres seven at Wisconsin home Frank Lloyd Wright built for his mistress |newspaper=New York Daily News|location=New York|date=January 25, 2014 |access-date=December 6, 2017 |archive-date=December 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206212809/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/justice-story/wright-mare-massacre-frank-lloyd-home-article-1.1591522 |url-status=live}}</ref> Carlton mortally wounded Brodelle, and then attacked the other occupants.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 5, 2017 |title=The Terrible Crime at Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesin |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/28519/taliesin-tragedy |access-date=July 8, 2024 |website=Mental Floss |language=en-US |archive-date=July 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708184058/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/28519/taliesin-tragedy |url-status=live }}</ref>

With the house empty and people wounded, Carlton ran to the basement and into a fireproof furnace chamber. He had brought a small vial of [[hydrochloric acid]] with him and attempted [[suicide]] by swallowing it, but it failed to kill him.{{sfn|McCrea|2012|pp=188–191}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pbs.org/flw/buildings/taliesin/taliesin_wright02.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903162351/https://www.pbs.org/flw/buildings/taliesin/taliesin_wright02.html | archive-date=September 3, 2019 |authorfirst=Ken |last=Burns |title=Frank Lloyd Wright | publisher=[[PBS]] }}</ref> Together, Lindblom and Weston ran to a neighboring farm to send the alert of the attack. Weston then returned to Taliesin and used a garden hose to help extinguish the flames. His efforts saved the studio (with many of Wright's drawings and manuscripts), as well as the agricultural part of the building. Eventually, neighbors arrived to assist in putting out the fire, to tend to survivors, and search for the murderer. Gertrude was found in a nearby field, apparently unaware of her husband's intentions. She was dressed in travel clothes, expecting to catch a train to Chicago with Julian to seek a new job.{{sfn|McCrea|2012|p=192}}

Later in the afternoon, Sheriff John Williams located Carlton and arrested him. Carlton was transferred to the county jail in [[Dodgeville, Wisconsin|Dodgeville]].{{sfn|McCrea|2012|pp=188–191}} Gertrude was released from police custody shortly after the incident. She was sent to Chicago with $7 and was never heard from again. The hydrochloric acid that Carlton ingested had badly burnt his [[esophagus]], which made it difficult for him to ingest food. Carlton was [[indictment|indicted]] on August 16 and was charged with the [[murder]] of Emil Brodelle, the only death that was directly witnessed by a survivor.{{sfn|McCrea|2012|pp=195–196}} Carlton entered apleaded not guilty plea. Forty-seven days after the fire, before the case could be heard, Carlton died of starvation in his cell.<ref name="n160187162" />{{sfn|McCrea|2012|pp=195–196}} Wright's biographers in the 20th century tended not to discuss the Taliesin massacre; one biography dedicated only one paragraph to the attacks, while another said obliquely that the "incident marked a rupture in Wright's career".<ref name="n160101709">{{Cite news |last=Wolff |first=Patricia |date=2011-06-26 |title=Tranquil Taliesin harbors tragic tale |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-oshkosh-northwestern-tranquil-talies/160101709/ |access-date=2024-12-01 |work=The Oshkosh Northwestern |pages=A1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-oshkosh-northwestern-tranquil-talies/160106162/ A7]}}</ref> The Taliesin murders remained relatively obscure until the 2000s, when two books about the attacks were published.<ref name="n160101709" />

BodiesThe fire destroyed the living areas, but the agriculture wing and the drafting studio survived largely intact.<ref name="n160101709" /> The bodies of the dead and injured were brought to [[Tan-y-Deri]], the nearby home of Wright's sister, Jane Porter. The dead were Mamah and Brodelle, with John missing (his remains were later found incinerated). Martha Cheney, foreman Thomas Brunker, and Ernest Weston (13-year-old son of William Weston) would die later that day or that night. Gardener David Lindblom survived until August 18 (Tuesday morning). Wright returned to Taliesin that night with his son [[John Lloyd Wright|John]] and Edwin Cheney.{{sfn|McCrea|2012|pp=188–191}} Cheney brought the remains of his children back to Chicago while Wright buried Mamah Borthwick on the grounds of nearby [[Unity Chapel]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS562 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright |date=August 3, 2012 |publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society |access-date=August 21, 2024 |archive-date=August 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821111745/https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS562 |url-status=live}}</ref> (the chapel of the mother's side of his family). Heartbroken over the loss of his lover, Wright did not mark the grave because he could not bear to be reminded of the tragedy.{{sfn|McCrea|2012|p=193}} He also did not hold a funeraryfuneral service for Borthwick, although he did fund and attend services for his employees' services.{{sfn|McCrea|2012|p=194}}

Shortly after the Taliesin massacre, Wright declared his intention to rebuild the complex.<ref name="n160187162" /> Within a few months of his recovery, Wright began work on rebuilding Taliesin, naming the rebuilt structure "Taliesin II": <blockquote>There is release from anguish in action. Anguish would not leave Taliesin until action for renewal began. Again, and at once, all that had been in motion before at the will of the architect was set in motion. Steadily, again, stone by stone, board by board, Taliesin the II began to rise from Taliesin the first.<ref>Frank Lloyd Wright. ''An Autobiography'', in ''Frank Lloyd Wright Collected Writings: 1930–32'', Vol. 2. Edited by Bruce Brooks Pfeiffer, introduction by Kenneth Frampton (1992; Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., New York), 241.</ref>{{sfn|Drennan|2007|p=160}} </blockquote>The new complex was mostly identical to the original building{{sfn|Secrest|1992|p=222}} and was constructed on the ruins of Taliesin I.{{Sfn|McCarter|1997|page=120}} Similarly to the original complex, Taliesin II was arranged around a set of terraces and courtyards.<ref name="p862751855">{{Cite magazine |last=Buono |first=Jon |date=Apr-Jun 2011 |title=Modern Architecture and the U.S. Campus Heritage Movement |work=Planning for Higher Education |page=88-102 |volume=39 |issue=3 |id={{pq|862751855}}}}</ref> The dam (which burst less than a week after the murders) was rebuilt.{{sfn|Secrest|1992|p=222}} Wright added an observation platform, perhaps inspired by the one he designed in [[Baraboo, Wisconsin|Baraboo]].{{sfn|Henning|2011|p=68}} Later, he built a hydroelectric generator in an unsuccessful effort to make Taliesin completely self-sufficient. The generator was built in the style of a Japanese temple. Within only a few years, parts of the structure eroded away. It was demolished in the 1940s.{{sfn|Henning|2011|pp=70–72}}

Wright was deeply in debt following the destruction of Taliesin II. Aside from debts owed on the property, his divorce from Noel forced Wright to sell much of his farm machinery and livestock. Wright was also forced to sell his prized Japanese prints at half value to pay his debts. The [[Bank of Wisconsin]] [[foreclosure|foreclosed]] on Taliesin in 1927 and Wright was forced to move to [[La Jolla, California]]. Shortly before the bank was to begin an auction on the property, Wright's former client [[Darwin D. Martin House|Darwin Martin]] conceived a scheme to save the property. He formed a company called Frank Lloyd Wright Incorporated to issue stock on Wright's future earnings. Many of Wright's former clients and students purchased stock in Wright to raise $70,000. The company successfully bid on Taliesin for $40,000, returning it to Wright.{{sfn|Secrest|1992|pp=333–335}} Wright returned to Taliesin by October 1928.{{sfn|Secrest|1992|p=342}} Wright's interaction with Taliesin lasted for the rest of his life, and eventually, he purchased the surrounding land, creating an estate of 593 acres (2.4&nbsp;km²).{{sfn|Hoppen|1997|pp=59–60}} Over the years, Wright and his apprentices continued to make changes to the house; these modifications were never reflected in blueprints.<ref name="n159926866">{{Cite news |last=Saemann |first=Karyn |date=2000-08-17 |title=Wright's studio made right |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times-wrights-studio-made-r/159926866/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |work=The Capital Times |pages=1B, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times-wrights-studio-made-r/159926897/ 4B]}}</ref>

Some of Wright's best-known buildings and most ambitious designs were created at his studio in the Taliesin III period. Works completed at Taliesin through the 1930s include [[Fallingwater]] (the house for Edgar Sr. and Liliane Kaufmann), the world headquarters for [[Johnson Wax Headquarters|S.C. Johnson]], and the first [[Usonia]]n house for [[Herbert and Katherine Jacobs First House|Herbert and Katherine Jacobs]]. After [[World War II]], Wright moved his studio work in Wisconsin to the drafting studio at the [[Hillside Home School II#History|Hillside Home School]]. After that, Wright used the studio at Taliesin for meeting with prospective apprentices and clients.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Image/IM64835 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright and Man in Studio &#124; Photograph |date=December 1, 2003 |website=Wisconsin Historical Society |access-date=May 25, 2020 |archive-date=October 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004053304/https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Image/IM64835 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Image/IM64876 |title=Art Work at Taliesin &#124; Photograph |date=December 1, 2003 |website=Wisconsin Historical Society |access-date=May 25, 2020 |archive-date=October 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004053257/https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Image/IM64876 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The modern-day Taliesin property is at 5481 County Road C in [[Wyoming, Iowa County, Wisconsin]].<ref name="n160100586">{{Cite news |last=Adams |first=Barry |date=2011-01-10 |title=Taliesin to mark its 100th year |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/portage-daily-register-taliesin-to-mark/160100586/ |access-date=2024-12-01 |work=Portage Daily Register |pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/portage-daily-register-taliesin-to-mark/160100634/ 13]}}</ref> All Wright buildings on the property have a combined {{convert|75000|sqft}}, just short of {{convert|2|acre}}, on {{convert|600|acre}} of land.<ref name="FAQ">{{cite web |title=Frank Lloyd Wright FAQs |url=http://www.taliesinpreservation.org/frank-lloyd-wright/fllw-faq |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017210344/http://www.taliesinpreservation.org/frank-lloyd-wright/fllw-faq |archive-date=October 17, 2013 |access-date=October 17, 2013 |publisher=Taliesin Preservation, Inc.}}</ref> InThrough itsWright's final formlifetime, thehe and his apprentices continued to make changes to Taliesin III. buildingbut measuredthese {{convert|37000|sqft}}.<refmodifications name="FAQ"were />never reflected in blueprints.<ref name="KodrichSaemann 19882000">{{Cite news |last=KodrichSaemann |first=KrisKaryn |date=1988-07-11August 17, 2000 |title=TaliesinWright's showingstudio itsmade ageright |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wisconsinthe-statecapital-journaltimes-taliesinwrights-studio-made-showingr/159885091159926866/ |access-date=2024-11-November 28, 2024 |work=WisconsinThe StateCapital JournalTimes |pages=9}}</ref> The current structure is the northernmost building in the complex and is arranged in the shape of the letter "U"1B, facing south-southwest[https://www.<ref name="NPS pnewspapers. 2" com/article/> The facade is clad with limestone from the-capital-times-wrights-studio-made-r/159926897/ surrounding area.<ref name="NPS p. 2">{{harvnb|National Park Service|1972|ps=.|page=24B]}}</ref><ref name="p205353877">{{CiteConstruction magazinewas |last=Leglerhandled |first=Dixiemostly |date=Mayby 2001Wright's |title=Onapprentices, thewho trailtended ofto Frankbe Lloydinexperienced, Wrightleaving |work=Better Homescracks and Gardensgaps |pages=258C-258Dthroughout |volume=79the |issue=5 |id={{pq|205353877}}}}</ref> The house is topped by intersecting hipped roofs with masonry chimneysstructure.<ref name="NPSMartell p. 22008" /><ref name="SmileyChicago 1993Tribune 2002 b827">{{cite web |last=Smiley |first=Jane |date=March 731, 19932002 |title=Wisconsin:The Threetrouble Visionswith AttainedTaliesin |url=https://www.nytimeschicagotribune.com/19932002/03/0731/magazine/wisconsinthe-threetrouble-visionswith-attained.htmltaliesin/ |access-date=November 2829, 2024 |website=The New York Times |archive-date=November 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118125055/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/07/magazine/wisconsin-three-visions-attained.html |url-status=liveChicago Tribune}}</ref> ManyWright ofadded theseveral spacesdams insideacross the houseestate haveto ceilings measuring aboutcreate lakes.{{ConvertSfn|6McCarter|ft1997|page=123}} high,The slightlypresence tallerof thanTaliesin Wrightalso himself,influenced whothe measuredarchitecture {{Convert|5|ft|8|in}}of tall.<refpublic name="Smileybuildings 1993" /> Amongin the interiornearby spacestown areof an[[Spring officeGreen, a sitting room, a bedroom, and a living room overlooking the Wisconsin|Spring River. Around the main house are fountainsGreen]], gardens,which andcontain courtyards.<refdetails name="n159925902">{{Citeinfluenced news |last=Potts |first=Jeff |date=2001-07-01 |title=Taliesinby Wright's prototypical work |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wausau-daily-herald-taliesin-wrights-pr/159925902/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |work=Wausau Daily Herald |pages=33}}</ref> One magazine wrote that the house "emerges from the hillside like a natural outcropping, rooted in the earth"designs.<ref name="p205353877n160100586" />

Wright inherited the nearby [[Hillside Home School I|Hillside Home School]] when it became insolvent in 1915 (the school had been run by his aunts, and the building was designed by him). In 1928, Wright conceived the idea of hosting a school there and issued a proposal to the [[University of Wisconsin]] that would have created the Hillside Home School for the Allied Arts; however, the plan was later abandoned.{{sfn|Gottlieb|2001|p=9}} In 1932, the Wrights instead established the private Taliesin Fellowship, where fifty to sixty apprentices could come to Taliesin to study under the architect's mentorship. Apprentices helped him develop the estate at a time when Wright received few commissions for his work, including the Hillside Home School building, renovating the original school gymnasium into a theater. Apprentices under Wright's direction also constructed a drafting studio and dormitories. In 1937, Wright designed and the apprentices began construction on a winter home in [[Scottsdale, Arizona|Scottsdale]], [[Arizona]], which became known as [[Taliesin West]]. After this, Wright and the fellowship "migrated" between the two homes each year.<ref name="Matheson 1959">{{cite news |last=Matheson |first=Helen |date=April 10, 1959 |title=Wright: A Force of Nature|work=[[Wisconsin State Journal]]|via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1183157/|date=April 10, 1959|page=6|accessurl-datestatus=Augustlive 6, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109104819/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1183157/wisconsin-state-journal/ |urlarchive-statusdate=liveNovember 9, 2021 |access-date=August 6, 2014 |work=[[Wisconsin State Journal]] |page=6}}</ref> Notable fellows include [[Arthur Dyson]], [[E. Fay Jones|"Fay" Jones]], [[Shao Fang Sheng]], [[Paolo Soleri]], [[Edgar Tafel]], and [[Paul Tuttle]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Piu |first=Lara |title=150 Years After Frank Lloyd Wright's Birth, Taliesin West Is Still Evolving – Here's How |url=https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/arts/frank-lloyd-wright-150th-anniversary-taliesin-west-2017-9187175 |date=May 3, 2017 |access-date=October 22, 2018 |archive-date=October 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022113416/https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/arts/frank-lloyd-wright-150th-anniversary-taliesin-west-2017-9187175 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1940, Frank Lloyd Wright, his third wife [[Olgivanna Lloyd Wright|Olgivanna]], and his son-in-law [[William Wesley Peters]] formed the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation.<ref name="Van Goethem 1967" /> Wright added a third story above the second-story bedrooms and first-story living spaces in 1943, though this ended up weakening the original house's frame.<ref name="Johnson 2008" /><ref name="Martell 2008" /> The Hillside School building caught fire in April 1952,<ref name="Hesselberg g050">{{cite web |last=Hesselberg |first=George |date=November 22, 2024 |title=Collection of Frank Lloyd Wright's estate photos will stay together in sale to historical society |url=https://madison.com/entertainment/arts_and_theatre/collection-of-frank-lloyd-wrights-estate-photos-will-stay-together-in-sale-to-historical-society/article_4d8d2ef2-468b-11e0-b5bd-001cc4c03286.html |access-date=December 1, 2024 |website=Wisconsin State Journal}}</ref><ref name="NYT 1952 i423">{{cite web |date=April 27, 1952 |title=Architecture Site Burns; Grass Fire Shifts to Wisconsin School of Frank Lloyd Wright |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/04/27/archives/architecture-site-burns-grass-fire-shifts-to-wisconsin-school-of.html |access-date=December 1, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> and the theater and dining room in that building were subsequently rebuilt.<ref name="Hesselberg g050" /><ref name="Fixsen 2024">{{cite web |last=Fixsen |first=Anna |date=June 14, 2024 |title=A 'Mona Lisa' of Frank Lloyd Wright Design Is Back in Business |url=https://www.elledecor.com/life-culture/a61100937/frank-lloyd-wright-hillside-theater-taliesin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614173645/https://www.elledecor.com/life-culture/a61100937/frank-lloyd-wright-hillside-theater-taliesin/ |archive-date=June 14, 2024 |access-date=November 28, 2024 |website=ELLE Decor}}</ref> Upon Wright's death on April 9, 1959, ownershiphe was buried next to the Unity Chapel in the Lloyd-Jones cemetery near Taliesin; his body remained there until 1985, when it was moved to Taliesin West.<ref name="Conroy r5862">{{cite web |last=Conroy |first=Sarah Booth |date=April 9, 1985 |title=Wright's Grave Site Moved |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1985/04/09/wrights-grave-site-moved/510f9f85-3224-415a-a990-1016de77bee8/ |access-date=November 29, 2024 |website=Washington Post}}</ref> Ownership of the Taliesin estate in Spring Green, as well as Taliesin West, passedwas intoconveyed the hands ofto the foundation. The Taliesin Fellowship continued to use the Hillside School as The School of Architecture at Taliesin. The fellowship allowed tours of the school, but initially did not permit visitation of the house or other grounds.<ref name="Van Goethem 1967">{{cite news |last=Van Goethem |first=Larry |title=Taliesin East – a Living Symbol of Frank Lloyd Wright's Philosophy |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1183161// |work=[[Janesville Daily Gazette]] |date=July 15, 1967 |access-date=August 14, 2014 |page=1 |archive-date=November 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109104728/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1183161/janesville-daily-gazette/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

When the group spent two summers in [[Switzerland]], rumors started that they were planning on selling the house to [[S. C. Johnson]], a former Wright client. Instead, the fellowship sold a surrounding piece of land to a developer associated with the company, intending to develop a tourist complex.<ref name="Van Goethem 1967"/> The {{convert|3000|acre|adj=on}} resort included an eighteen-hole golf course, restaurant, and a visitor center.<ref>{{cite news |title=Spring Green Recreational Plan Unveiled |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1183166/ |work=[[The Daily Telegram]] |agency=[[United Press International]] |date=July 18, 1966 |access-date=August 14, 2014 |page=11 |archive-date=November 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109104730/https://www.newspapers.com/missing.php |url-status=live}}</ref>

===RecognitionLandmark designations===

In 1973, Taliesin and the surroundingTaliesin estate was listed in the [[National Register of Historic Places]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/73000081_text | title=Taliesin– Nomination Form | publisher=National Register of Historic Places | date=July 29, 1975 | author=Carolyn Pitts | access-date=October 6, 2014 | archive-date=October 30, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030010634/https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/73000081_text | url-status=live }}</ref><ref andname="Gould on1980">{{Cite Januarynews 7|last=Gould |first=Whitney |date=August 29, 1980 |title=Taliesin's 'marriage' of house, hill is revived |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times-taliesins-marriage/159971636/ |access-date=November 29, 2024 |work=The Capital Times |pages=45, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times-taliesins-marriage/159971686/ 46]}}</ref> and in 1976, it was recognized as a [[National Historic Landmark]] (NHL) District by the National Park Service.<ref name="Chicago Tribune 2002 b827" /><ref name="Gould 1980" /><ref name="Klein 1982">{{cite news |last=Klein |first=Frederick C. |date=August 13, 1982 |title=Taliesin: New Life for the Master's Shrine? |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=17 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|134693896}}}}</ref> A National Historic Landmark is a site deemed to have "exceptional value to the nation."<ref>{{citation |title=Code of Federal Regulations: Parks, Forests, and Public Property |url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-1998-title36-vol1/pdf/CFR-1998-title36-vol1-part65.pdf |page=301 |publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office]] |access-date=October 17, 2013 |archive-date=October 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018020738/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-1998-title36-vol1/pdf/CFR-1998-title36-vol1-part65.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[contributing property|properties contributing]] to the district are the landscape, Taliesin III, the pool and gardens in the courtyard, [[Hillside Home School II|Hillside Home School]] (which includes the Hillside drafting studio and the theater), the dam, [[Romeo and Juliet Windmill]], [[Midway Barn]], and Tan-Yy-Deri.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taliesen |url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/NationalRegister/NR2016 |work=National Register or State Register |date=January 2012 |publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society |access-date=August 20, 2024 |archive-date=February 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214171420/https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/NationalRegister/NR2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

GovernorWisconsin governor [[Tommy Thompson]] appointed a commission in 1988 to prepare plans for preserving and operating Taliesin;<ref name="Kodrich 1988" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mell |first=Doug |date=1988-06-June 28, 1988 |title=Panel to decide Taliesin's future |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wisconsin-state-journal-panel-to-decide/159883404/ |access-date=2024-11-November 27, 2024 |work=Wisconsin State Journal |pages=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1988-06-June 27, 1988 |title=Taliesin in need of repairs |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-post-crescent-taliesin-in-need-of-re/159883422/ |access-date=2024-11-November 27, 2024 |work=The Post-Crescent |pages=2}}</ref> the commission estimated that it would cost $14.7 million to repair the complex.<ref name="Lynch 1990">{{Cite news |last=Lynch |first=Kevin |date=1990-08-August 30, 1990 |title=Taliesin |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times-taliesin/159883110/ |access-date=2024-11-November 27, 2024 |work=The Capital Times |pages=1F, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times-taliesin/159883167/ 6F]}}</ref> Thompson established Taliesin Preservation, Inc. (TPI), a non-profit organization, in 1990 to restore Taliesin.<ref name="Lynch 1990" /> The Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation retained ownership of the complex, working with TPI to preserve the property.<ref name="n160101709" /> TPI received $150,000 from the state government, a $50,000 [[matching grant]] from the [[J. Paul Getty Trust]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=1990-03-March 29, 1990 |title=Taliesin gets $50,000 toward fix-up |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wisconsin-state-journal-taliesin-gets-5/159883060/ |access-date=2024-11-November 27, 2024 |work=Wisconsin State Journal |pages=19}}</ref> and a $100,000 grant from the [[Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1992-09-September 20, 1992 |title=Grants helps Taliesin project |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/baraboo-news-republic-grants-helps-talie/159882406/ |access-date=2024-11-November 27, 2024 |work=Baraboo News Republic |pages=35}}</ref> The Taliesin complex began hosting tours in mid-1992.<ref>{{cite news |last=Zell |first=Fran |date=23August Aug23, 1992 |title=A rare look at Wright Taliesin, the architect's former home in Wisconsin, finally opens its doors to public tours |work=Chicago Tribune |page=10 |issn=1085-6706 |id={{ProQuest|283373437}}}}</ref> Thompson suggested in late 1992 that the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority (WHEDA) fund the house's restoration with an $8 million bond issue. Thompson estimated that the complex could attract up to 150,000 visitors annually, generating more than $10 million in tourist spending in Wisconsin.<ref name="Broadway 1991">{{Cite news |last=Broadway |first=Joel |date=1991-10-October 26, 1991 |title=Taliesin home repair |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wisconsin-state-journal-taliesin-home-re/159888112/ |access-date=2024-11-November 28, 2024 |work=Wisconsin State Journal |pages=27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1991-10-October 26, 1991 |title=Wright project set 50 years later |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-journal-times-wright-project-set-50/159888235/ |access-date=2024-11-November 28, 2024 |work=The Journal Times |page=5}}</ref> WHEDA approved a loan for the complex later the same year.<ref name="Massey 1993a">{{Cite news |last=Massey |first=Jim |date=15November Nov15, 1993 |title=$24 million would restore home of master architect |work=Milwaukee Journal |page=B8 |id={{pq|333592868}}}}</ref><ref name="Broadway 1994">{{Cite news |last=Broadway |first=Joel |date=June 2, 1994-06-02 |title=Loan and donations help preserve Taliesin's past |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wisconsin-state-journal-loan-and-donatio/159891162/ |access-date=2024-11-November 28, 2024 |work=Wisconsin State Journal |pages=2}}</ref> In addition, TPI suggested spending $3.8 million on a visitor center.<ref name="Broadway 1991" /> TPI's executive director Robert Burley drew up plans for Taliesin's restoration.<ref name="Massey 1993" /> By the mid-1990s, the renovation was expected to cost an estimated $24 million.<ref name="Massey 1993">{{Cite news |last=Massey |first=Jim |date=1993-11-November 17, 1993 |title=Taliesin restoration project to save Wright's experiments |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-country-today-taliesin-restoration-p/159880222/ |access-date=2024-11-November 27, 2024 |work=The Country Today |pages=23}}</ref><ref name="Gould 1995">{{Cite news |last=Gould |first=Whitney |date=15October Oct15, 1995 |title=Preserving a treasure: Taliesin restoration keeps Wright's spirit alive |work=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel |page=1 |id={{pq|260284857}}}}</ref> Early restoration work included repairs to the foundation, remediation of fire hazards, and emergency repairs to other parts of the house.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Novak |first=Bill |date=2001-11-28 |title=Taliesin fix-up a labor of love |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times-taliesin-fix-up-a-labo/159926708/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |work=The Capital Times |pages=2}}</ref>

Early restoration work included repairs to the foundation, remediation of fire hazards, and emergency repairs to other parts of the house.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Novak |first=Bill |date=November 28, 2001 |title=Taliesin fix-up a labor of love |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times-taliesin-fix-up-a-labo/159926708/ |access-date=November 28, 2024 |work=The Capital Times |pages=2}}</ref> U.S. senator [[Herb Kohl]] introduced a bill in July 1993 to provide another $8 million for Taliesin's restoration.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hawkins |first=Hillari |date=1993-07-July 30, 1993 |title=Bill seeks Taliesin money |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wisconsin-state-journal-bill-seeks-talie/159880443/ |access-date=2024-11-November 27, 2024 |work=Wisconsin State Journal |pages=18}}</ref><ref name="Lucchetti 1994">{{Cite news |last=Lucchetti |first=Aaron |date=30January Jan30, 1994 |title=Federal role debated, though |work=Milwaukee Journal |page=A1 |id={{PQ|333660110}}}}</ref> Kohl and U.S. representative [[Scott Klug]] also cosponsored legislation to convert Taliesin into a National Park Service site, though the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation would have continued to own the complex.<ref name="Lucchetti 1994" /> TPI also sought to raise the final $8 million for the restoration from donations.<ref name="Massey 1993a" /><ref name="Broadway 1994" /> The first part of Taliesin to be restored, the terrace outside Wright's bedroom and study, was finished that October.<ref name="Civil Engineering 1993" /> Workers also shored up parts of the complex that were in danger of collapsing.<ref name="Gould 1995" /> The same year, due to the deterioration of the Taliesin Dam, Wisconsin officials asked the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation to either repair or abandon it.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Broadway |first=Joel |date=1993-04-April 10, 1993 |title=DNR: No danger but Taliesin dam must be repaired or abandoned |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wisconsin-state-journal-dnr-no-danger-b/159882574/ |access-date=2024-11-November 27, 2024 |work=Wisconsin State Journal |pages=1}}</ref> TPI also bought the Wright–designed [[Riverview Terrace Restaurant]] nearby and converted it into a visitor center.<ref name="Stephens 1993">{{cite web |last=Stephens |first=Suzanne |date=February 18, 1993 |title=Currents; A Visitors' Center by Wright Himself |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/02/18/garden/currents-a-visitors-center-by-wright-himself.html |access-date=November 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="Goldberger 1994">{{cite web |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=June 2, 1994 |title=Wright's Own Home: A Lifelong Work in Progress |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/02/garden/wright-s-own-home-a-lifelong-work-in-progress.html |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=The New York Times |archive-date=May 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526100412/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/02/garden/wright-s-own-home-a-lifelong-work-in-progress.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The commission held an [[architectural design competition]] for the visitor center, and it selected Tony Puttnam to redesign the structure,<ref name="Stephens 1993" /> which opened in June 1994.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bechtel |first=George H. |date=June 2, 1994-06-02 |title=Stories Live in Wright Family Cemetery |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wisconsin-state-journal/117137497/ |access-date=2024-11-November 28, 2024 |work=Wisconsin State Journal |pages=39}}</ref> By then, TPI had raised $1 million from donations.<ref name="Broadway 1994" /> Work continued on Taliesin's restoration during the 1990s, even while it was open to visitors.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Varkonyi |first=Charlyne |date=September 1, 1996-09-01 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright's estate open to tours |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wausau-daily-herald-frank-lloyd-wrights/159891381/ |access-date=2024-11-November 28, 2024 |work=Wausau Daily Herald |pages=41}}</ref>

Following a severe storm on June 18, 1998, a large oak tree in the courtyard fell down on top of the house.<ref name="O'Connor 1998">{{Cite magazine |last=O'Connor |first=Michael J.  |date=Aug 1998 |title=The Plagues of Taliesin |work=Architecture: The AIA Journal |page=22 |volume=87 |issue=8 |id={{Pq|227765568}}}}</ref><ref name="Gould 1999">{{Cite news |last=Gould |first=Whitney |date=1999-03-March 22, 1999 |title=The Wright Thing to Do |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/saint-john-times-globe-the-wright-thing/159891722/ |access-date=2024-11-November 28, 2024 |work=Saint John Times Globe |pages=12}}</ref><ref name="Louie b2701">{{cite web |last=Louie |first=Elaine |date=July 9, 1998 |title=Currents: Taliesin Damaged; From Fallingwater to Falling Oak |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/09/garden/currents-taliesin-damaged-from-fallingwater-to-falling-oak.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527080105/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/09/garden/currents-taliesin-damaged-from-fallingwater-to-falling-oak.html |archive-date=May 27, 2015 |access-date=November 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Saemann |first=Karyn |date=1998-06-June 23, 1998 |title=Taliesin, damaged again, girds for another renewal |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times-taliesin-damaged-agai/159919146/ |access-date=2024-11-November 28, 2024 |work=The Capital Times |pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times-taliesin/159918677/ 9]}}</ref> The tree had been the last survivor of three that Wright had planted there in 1911,<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 June 21, 1998 |title=Last of oak trees at Frank Lloyd Wright house falls |work=Las Vegas Review – Journal |page=8A |viaagency=Associated Press |id={{PQ|260072975}}}}</ref> and its collapse caused $1 million in damage.<ref name="Louie b2701" /> Ten days afterward, heavy rains caused a [[mudslide]] near the main building,<ref name="O'Connor 1998" /><ref name="n159919291The Oshkosh Northwestern 1999">{{Cite news |date=1999-05-May 31, 1999 |title=Campaign aims to help raise funds for Taliesin |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-oshkosh-northwestern-campaign-aims-t/159919291/ |access-date=2024-11-November 28, 2024 |work=The Oshkosh Northwestern |pages=21}}</ref> exposing a structural support underneath a balcony.<ref name="O'Connor 1998" /> Following these incidents, workers made emergency repairs to the house and repaired damaged interiors and windows.<ref name="Gould 1999" /> By the late 1990s, the complex had about 50,000 visitors per year, far fewer than the 200,000 annual visitors TPI had anticipated. Additionally, TPI earned only about $1 million a year from tourism, which was not enough to repay the WHEDA loan, and TPI missed a $6.5 million payment on the loan in January 1999.<ref name="p391086862">{{Cite news |date=5February Feb5, 1999 |title=Taliesin Behind on Loan Payment Wright's Estate Isn't Attracting as Many Tourists as Was Expected |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wisconsin-state-journal-taliesin-behind/159919545/ |access-date=2024-11-November 28, 2024 |work=Wisconsin State Journal |page=1C |id={{pq|391086862}} |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> The Wisconsin government ended up forgiving most of the loan. That May, the federal government agreed to give Taliesin a $1.15 million matching grant from [[Save America's Treasures]] on the condition that TPI raise an equal amount.<ref name="n159919656Treleven 1999" /><ref name="n159919291The Oshkosh Northwestern 1999" /><ref name="n159919840Saemann 1999">{{Cite news |last=Saemann |first=Karyn |date=26 May 26, 1999 |title=Saving Taliesin Execs Gather for Major Restoration Push |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times-saving-taliesin-execs/159919840/ |access-date=2024-11-November 28, 2024 |work=The Capital Times |pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times-saving-taliesin-execs/159919876/ 12] |id={{Pq|395141099}}}}</ref> This funding would be used for interior restoration and drainage repairs.<ref name="p260910962">{{Cite news |date=May 23 May, 1999 |title=Taliesin to use grant to fix drainage flaws $1.1 million from federal government to help at aging Wright estate |work=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel |page=3 |id={{pq|260910962}}}}</ref> The same year, TPI began soliciting donations to restore the grounds as part of the Trees for Taliesin program,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Treleven |first=Ed |date=1999-03-March 31, 1999 |title=Restoration to Begin at Taliesin |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wisconsin-state-journal-restoration-to-b/159893466/ |access-date=2024-11-November 28, 2024 |work=Wisconsin State Journal |pages=17 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> and publishing executive Frank Anton announced plans to raise $25 million for the renovation through the Taliesin Restoration Project.<ref name="n159919291The Oshkosh Northwestern 1999" /><ref name="n159919840Saemann 1999" /> At the time, there were plans to repair the studio wing and Tan-y-Deri.<ref name="n159919840Saemann 1999" /> Another storm in late 1999 collapsed a tunnel underneath the studio wing.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gould |first=Whitney |date=1999-10-October 15, 1999 |title=Rebuilding the Wright house |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-salina-journal/1183171/ |access-date=2024-11-November 28, 2024 |work=The Salina Journal |pages=4 |archive-date=October 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017042825/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-salina-journal/1183171/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

OverA $11&nbsp;million900,000 project to improve Taliesin's drainage system was spentcompleted onin the2004.<ref rehabilitationname="Wisconsin ofState Journal 2005" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nathans |first=Aaron |date=May 26, 2004 |title=Taliesin betweenhigh 1988and dry after revamp |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times-taliesin-high-and-dry/159938408/ 2008|access-date=November 29, 2024 |work=The Capital Times |pages=1C, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times-taliesin-high-and-dry/159938440/ According12C]}}</ref> The cost of the restoration had increased to $67 million by 2005, of which the main house alone was estimated to cost $26 million.<ref name="McCrea 2005">{{Cite news |last=McCrea |first=Ron |date=April 4, 2005 |title=Wright Way ; Taliesin Restorers Ride Out Foundation''s Storm |work=The Capital Times |page=1A |id={{pq|395303950}}}}</ref> The same year, businessman [[WisconsinT. StateDenny JournalSanford]] donated $425,000 for Taliesin's restoration. These funds, which were matched by part of the Save America's Treasures grant, itswere preservationused wasto pay for further repairs to the roof, as well as planning for future repairs.<ref name="fraughtWisconsin withState epicJournal difficulties2005">{{Cite news |date=June 26, because2005 |title=Banker Gives $425,000 for Taliesin; It's the Biggest Cash Donation the Frank Lloyd Wright neverFoundation thoughtHas ofEver itReceived as|via=Newspapers.com a|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wisconsin-state-journal-banker-gives-42/159938503/ series|access-date=November of28, buildings2024 with|work=Wisconsin State Journal |page=D13 |id={{Pq|391384258}} |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> There were also plans to replace a long-termbridge futurecarrying Taliesin's driveway across a creek.<ref name=":0McCrea 2005" /> In 2006, the [[Jeffris Family Foundation]] agreed to fund 25% of Tan-y-Deri's restoration, which at the time was estimated to cost $828,000.<ref>{{citeCite news |last=MartellMorgan |first=ChrisTerry |date=November 26, 2006 |title=TaliesinWright's RestorationTan-y-deri Fraughtslated withfor Epicrehab |via=Newspapers.com Difficulties|url=httphttps://www.madisonnewspapers.com/wsjarticle/topstorieswisconsin-state-journal-wrights-tan-y-d/317388159939353/ |access-date=November 29, 2024 |work=[[Wisconsin State Journal]] |pages=27}}</ref> Over $11&nbsp;million was spent on the rehabilitation of Taliesin between 1988 and 2008.<ref name="Martell 2008">{{cite news |last=Martell |first=Chris |date=December 8, 2008 |access-datetitle=OctoberTaliesin 18,Restoration Fraught with Epic Difficulties |url=http://www.madison.com/wsj/topstories/317388 |url-status=dead 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210053026/http://www.madison.com/wsj/topstories/317388 |archive-date=December 10, 2008 |urlaccess-statusdate=deadOctober 18, 2013 |work=Wisconsin State Journal |id={{Pq|391548955}}}}</ref> Financing renovations haswas beenstull challenging because revenue from Taliesin visitation has beenof lower-than thanexpected projectedattendance.<ref>{{cite news |title=Restoring Wright: The Difficult Task of Preserving Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesin |url=http://www.economist.com/node/18276004?story_id=18276004&fsrc=rss |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=May 3, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2014 |archive-date=August 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814232756/http://www.economist.com/node/18276004?story_id=18276004&fsrc=rss |url-status=live}}</ref> InThe June''Wisconsin 2024State Journal'' reported in 2009 that, thedespite 100-seatincreased theaterattendance attached toover the Hillsidepreceding Hometwo Schoolyears, buildingTPI wasstill reopenedneeded afterto a five-year,raise $1.150 million renovation.<refto name="Fixsenrestore 2024"the />rest of the complex.<ref name="McLaughlin 2024">{{Cite news |last=McLaughlinAntlfinger |first=KatherineCarrie |date=JuneMarch 1022, 20242009 |title=AnAttendance IconicTurns Frankat Lloyd Wright Theater Reopens Following a $1.1 Million Restoration ProjectTaliesins |workvia=Architectural DigestNewspapers.com |url=https://www.architecturaldigestnewspapers.com/storyarticle/anwisconsin-iconicstate-frankjournal-lloydattendance-wright-theater-reopensturns/159966304/ |access-date=JuneNovember 1229, 2024 |languagework=en-USWisconsin |archive-date=JuneState 11, 2024Journal |archive-urlpages=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611210946/https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/an-iconic-frank-lloyd-wright-theater-reopens13 |url-statusagency=liveAssociated Press}}</ref> TPI also began reinforcing the house's structure, which had been undermined by the weight of the third-story guestrooms.<ref name="AdamsMartell 20242008" /> The [[World Monuments Fund]] (WMF) added Taliesin to its [[2010 World Monuments Watch]] to bring attention to the complex's remaining structural issues.<ref name="Fazzare g306">{{cite web |last=AdamsFazzare |first=BarryElizabeth |date=MayOctober 309, 20242013 |title=AfterCulture 6-yearat wait,Risk: FrankWorld LloydMonuments Wright'sFund 100-seatWatch theaterList atIncludes TaliesinPalisades, setFLW's to reopenTaliesin |url=https://madisonwww.archpaper.com/life-entertainment2013/local10/artculture-theater/taliesinat-theaterrisk-frankworld-lloydmonuments-wrightfund-springwatch-green/article_c6f3b308list-1975includes-11efpalisades-b73ffllws-bfb164cfb06e.htmltaliesin/ |access-date=NovemberDecember 271, 2024 |website=WisconsinThe StateArchitect’s JournalNewspaper |archive-date=SeptemberApril 221, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024090217430920240421234317/https://madisonwww.archpaper.com/life-entertainment2013/local10/artculture-theater/taliesinat-theaterrisk-frankworld-lloydmonuments-wrightfund-springwatch-green/article_c6f3b308list-1975includes-11efpalisades-b73ffllws-bfb164cfb06e.htmltaliesin/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Workers also restored Taliesin's Midway Barn.<ref>{{cite web |last=HickmanPogrebin |first=MattRobin |date=August 1615, 20222016 |title=Major2010 preservationWorld workMonuments progressesWatch atIncludes FrankSites LloydFrom Wright'sNew TaliesinOrleans and Taliesinto WestBhutan |url=https://wwwarchive.archpapernytimes.com/2022artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/082009/preservation10/06/2010-workworld-progressesmonuments-frankwatch-lloydincludes-wrightsites-taliesinfrom-taliesinnew-westorleans-to-bhutan/ |access-date=NovemberDecember 271, 2024 |website=The Architect's Newspaper |archive-date=May 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519171419/https://www.archpaper.com/2022/08/preservation-work-progresses-frank-lloyd-wright-taliesin-taliesin-west/ |url-status=live ArtsBeat}}</ref>

[[Architectural historian]] [[James F. O'Gorman]] compares Taliesin to [[Thomas Jefferson]]'s [[Monticello]], calling it "not a mere building but an entire environment in which man, architecture and nature form a harmonious whole." He continues that the building is an expression of [[Romanticism]] influence in architecture.{{sfn|Barillas|2006|pp=48–49}} William Barillas, in an essay of the Prairie School movement, agrees with O'Gorman's assessment and calls Taliesin "the ultimate prairie house."{{sfn|Barillas|2006|pp=48–49}} In ''Taliesin 1911–1914'', a collection of essays about the first house, the authors and editor conclude that Taliesin was "Wright's architectural self-portrait."{{sfn|Menocal|1992|p=ix}} [[Paul Goldberger]], the architectural critic for ''[[The NewWall YorkStreet TimesJournal]]'', similarly wrote in 19941985 that, "thereeven is no better way intothough the soulTaliesin ofcomplex Frankwas Lloydnot Wright's thanmost toelaborate touror thisexpensive house".<refdesign, name="Goldbergerthey 1994"are />still Thecompelling ''Milwaukeestatements Journalabout Sentinel''shelter wroteand theabout nextnature".<ref>{{cite yearnews that|last=Posner the|first=Ellen complex's|date=February design5, provided1985 insight|title=Selling intoFrank "theLloyd careerWright, ofthe aWrong manWay who|work=The reinventedWall theStreet languageJournal of|page=1 architecture".<ref name|issn="Gould 1995"0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|397882105}}}}</ref>

* {{cite book |last=Alofsin |first=Anthony |year=1993 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright – the Lost Years, 1910–1922: A Study of Influence |place=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-9820-6301-9}}

* {{cite book |last=Barillas |first=William |year=2006 |title=The Midwestern Pastoral: Place and Landscape in Literature of the American Heartland |place=Athens |publisher=Ohio University Press |isbn=978-0-8214-1660-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/midwesternpastor0000bari}}

* {{cite book |last=Drennan |first=William R. |year=2007 |title=Death in a Prairie House: Frank Lloyd Wright and the Taliesin Murders |place=Madison |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin Press]] |isbn= 978-0-299-22210-9}}

* {{cite book |last=Gottlieb |first=Lois Davidson |title=A Way of Life: An Apprenticeship with Frank Lloyd Wright |year=2001 |publisher=The Images Publishing Group |place=Mulgrave, Victoria, Australia |isbn=978-1-86470-096-1}}

* {{cite book |last=Henning |first=Randolph C. |year=2011 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesin |place=Madison |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin Press]] |isbn=978-0-299-28284-4}}

* {{cite book |last=Hoppen |first=Donald W. |year=1997 |title=The Seven Ages of Frank Lloyd Wright |place=Mineola, New York |publisher=[[Dover Publications]] |isbn=978-0-486-29420-9}}

* {{cite book |last=Huxtable |first=Ada |year=2004 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright: A Life |place=New York |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |isbn=978-1-4406-3173-3}}

* {{cite book |last=McCrea |first=Ron |year=2012 |title=Building Taliesin: Frank Lloyd Wright's Home of Love and Loss |place=Madison |publisher=[[Wisconsin Historical Society Press]] |isbn=978-0-87020-606-1}}

* {{cite book |last=Menocal |first=Narciso |year=1992 |title=Wright Studies, Volume One: Taliesin 1911–1914 |place=Carbondale |publisher=[[Southern Illinois University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8093-1625-0}}

* {{cite book |editor1-last=Mickelson |editor1-first=David M. |editor2-last=Attig |editor2-first=John W. |title=Glacial Processes: Past and Present |year=1999 |publisher=[[Geological Society of America]] |place=Boulder, Colorado}}

* {{cite book |last1=Packard |first1=Robert T. |last2=Korab |first2=Balthazar |last3=Hunt |first3=William Dudley |year=1980 |title=Encyclopedia of American Architecture |location=New York |publisher=[[McGraw Hill]] |isbn=978-0-07-048010-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofam00pack}}

* {{cite book |last=Secrest |first=Meryle |year=1992 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright: A Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/franklloydwright00secr |url-access=registration |place=New York |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.]] |isbn=978-0-226-74414-8}}

* {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Kathryn |year=1997 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesin and Taliesin West |place=New York |publisher=[[Harry N. Abrams]] |isbn=978-0-8109-3991-2}}

* {{cite book |last=Wright |first=Frank Lloyd |year=1943 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright: An Autobiography |url=https://archive.org/details/franklloydwright0000wrig_g9g9 |url-access=registration |place=New York |publisher=[[Duell, Sloan and Pearce]] |isbn=978-0-7649-3243-4}}

* William{{cite Allinbook |last=Storrer, ''|first=William Allin |title=The Frank Lloyd Wright Companion'', [[|date=2006 |publisher=University of Chicago Press]], IBN:|isbn=978-0-226-77621-27 |publication-place=Chicago}}