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The '''BMW Group''' (legally, '''Bayerische Motoren Werke AG''', commonly abbreviated to '''BMW''' ({{IPA|de|ˌbeːʔɛmˈveː|–|De-BMW.ogg}}), sometimes anglicized as '''Bavarian Motor Works'''), is a German multinational manufacturer of [[luxury vehicle]]s and [[motorcycle]]s headquartered in [[Munich]], [[Bavaria]], Germany. The company was founded in 1916 as a manufacturer of [[aircraft engine]]s, which it produced from 1917 to 1918 and again from 1933 to 1945 creating engines for aircraft that were used in the [[World War II|Second World War]].
The companies automobiles are marketed under the BMW, [[Mini (marque)|Mini]] and [[Rolls-Royce Motor Cars|Rolls-Royce]] brands, and motorcycles are marketed under the [[BMW Motorrad]] brand.
BMW is [[BMW Headquarters|headquartered in Munich]] and produces motor vehicles in Germany,
==History==
{{Main|History of BMW}}
The [[Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik]] was founded in 1910 by [[Gustav Otto]] in the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]], which was a state of the [[German Empire]]. The firm was reorganized on 7 March 1916 into {{lang|de|Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG}}. This company was then renamed to {{lang|de|Bayerische Motoren Werke}} (BMW) in 1922. However, the name BMW dates back to 1913, when a company to use the name was founded by [[Karl Rapp]] initially as {{lang|de|[[Rapp Motorenwerke]]}}. The name and {{lang|de|italic=no|Rapp Motorenwerke}}'s engine-production assets were transferred to {{lang|de|italic=no|Bayerische Flugzeugwerke}} in 1922, who adopted the name the same year.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bmw.com/en/automotive-life/BMW-name-meaning-and-history.html |title=BMW name, meaning, and history |publisher=bmw.com}}</ref> BMW's first product was produced for fighter aircraft of the {{lang|de|italic=no|[[Luftstreitkräfte]]}}. It was a straight-six aircraft engine called the [[BMW IIIa]], designed in the spring of 1917 by engineer [[Max Friz]]. Following the end of World War I, BMW remained in business by producing motorcycle engines, agricultural equipment, household items, and railway brakes. The company produced its first motorcycle, the ''[[BMW R32|BMW R 32]]'', in 1923.
BMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1928 when it purchased Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach, which, at the time, built the [[Austin 7]] under licence from [[Automobilwerk Eisenach|Dixi]].<ref name=Odin>Odin, L. C. (2015). ''World in Motion 1939: The whole of the year's automobile production''. Belvedere. {{ASIN|B00ZLN91ZG}}.</ref> The first car sold as a BMW was a rebadged [[BMW Dixi]] called the [[BMW 3/15]], following BMW's acquisition of the car manufacturer Automobilwerk Eisenach. Throughout the 1930s, BMW expanded its range into sports cars and larger luxury cars.
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The first modern mass-produced turbocharged petrol engine was introduced in 2006 (from 1973 to 1975, BMW built 1,672 units of a turbocharged [[BMW M10]] engine for the [[BMW 02 Series]]),<ref>[https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3826800 "BMW 2002 turbo"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425132944/https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3826800 |date=25 April 2023 }}. BMW Group. Retrieved 26 August 2020.</ref> with most engines switching over to turbocharging over the 2010s. The first hybrid BMW was the 2010 [[BMW 7 Series (F01)|BMW ActiveHybrid 7]], and BMW's first mass-production electric car was the [[BMW i3]] city car, which was released in 2013, (from 1968 to 1972, BMW built two battery-electric [[BMW 02 Series|BMW 1602 Elektro]] saloons for the 1972 Olympic Games).<ref>[https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3921907 "BMW 1602 Elektro"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428080131/https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3921907 |date=28 April 2022 }}. BMW. Retrieved 26 August 2020.</ref> After many years of establishing a reputation for sporting rear-wheel drive cars, BMW's first [[front-wheel drive]] car was the 2014 [[BMW 2 Series Active Tourer]] [[Minivan|multi-purpose vehicle (MPV)]].
In March 2018, Daimler and BMW merged their mobility services.<ref>{{Cite
In August 2019, [[Oliver Zipse]] replaced [[Harald Krüger]] as the head of the BMW Group.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oliver Zipse appointed new Chairman of the Board of Management of BMW AG |url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0298910EN/oliver-zipse-appointed-new-chairman-of-the-board-of-management-of-bmw-ag?language=en |website=press bmw group}}</ref>
=== 21st century ===
In January 2021, BMW announced that its sales in 2020 fell by 8.4 percent due to the impact of [[COVID-19 pandemic]] restrictions. However, in the fourth quarter of 2020, BMW witnessed a rise of 3.2% in its customers' demands.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 January 2021 |title=BMW sales fall 8.4% in 2020 as coronavirus takes toll |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bmw-results-idUSKBN29H0Y7 |access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref> This recovery was supported by the company's adoption of widely accepted technologies and integration of third-party services such as Apple Pay and on-demand music.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kukkamalla |first=Prasanna Kumar |last2=Bikfalvi |first2=Andrea |last3=Arbussa |first3=Anna |date=2021-07-07 |title=The new BMW: business model innovation transforms an automotive leader |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JBS-02-2020-0021/full/html |journal=Journal of Business Strategy |language=en |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=268–277 |doi=10.1108/JBS-02-2020-0021 |issn=0275-6668|hdl=10256/19355 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
On 18 January 2022 BMW announced a BMW 7 Series (G11) special edition simply called "The Final V12",<ref name="Road">{{cite web |last=Silvestro |first=Brian |date=18 January 2022 |title=BMW Waves Goodbye to the V-12 With a Final Edition M760Li |url=https://www.roadandtrack.com/news/a38803898/bmw-m760li-final-edition-v12/ |work=Road & Track |publisher=Hearst Communications}}</ref> the last BMW series production vehicle to be fitted with a V-12 engine.<ref name="Road" />
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=== Company name ===
BMW is an abbreviation for ''Bayerische Motoren Werke''
The terms Beemer, Bimmer and Bee-em are sometimes used as [[slang]] for BMW in the English language<ref>{{cite book |title=Bee em / BMW Motorcycle Club of Victoria Inc |publisher=[[National Library of Australia]] |url=http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/3913069 |access-date=23 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728125152/http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/3913069 |archive-date=28 July 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite
=== Logo ===
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The key trends of the BMW Group are (as at the financial year ending December 31):<ref>{{Cite web |title=BMW St Fundamentalanalyse {{!}} KGV {{!}} Kennzahlen |url=https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/BMW-St-Aktie/DE0005190003 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=boerse.de |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-14 |title=BMW Fundamentals (2007-2015) |url=http://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/BMW-St-Aktie/DE0005190003 |access-date=2024-08-02
{| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: center;"
!Year
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The current model lines of BMW cars are:
* [[BMW 1 Series|1 Series]] five-door hatchbacks (model code [[BMW 1 Series (F70)|F70]]).
* [[BMW 2 Series|2 Series]] two-door coupes (model code [[BMW 2 Series (G42)|G42]]), "Active Tourer" five-seat MPVs ([[BMW 2 Series Active Tourer|U06]]) and four-door "Gran Coupe" fastback sedans (model code [[BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé|
* [[BMW 3 Series|3 Series]] four-door sedans (model code [[BMW 3 Series (G20)|G20]]), five-door station wagons ([[BMW 3 Series (G20)|G21]]) and long wheelbase model exclusive to China ([[BMW G20|G28]]).
* [[BMW 4 Series|4 Series]] two-door coupes (model code [[BMW 4 Series (G22)|G22]]), two-door convertibles (model code [[BMW 4 Series (G22)|G23]]) and five-door "Gran Coupe" fastbacks (model code [[BMW 4 Series (G22)|G26]]).
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File:BMW U11 1X7A6826.jpg|X1 ([[BMW X1 (U11)|U11]])
File:BMW U10 1X7A2456.jpg|X2 ([[BMW X2|U10]])
File:BMW G45 20 IMG 2276.jpg|X3 ([[BMW X3
File:2018 BMW X4 xDrive20d M Sport Automatic 2.0 Front.jpg|X4 ([[BMW X4 (G02)|G02]])
File:2019 BMW X5 M50d Automatic 3.0.jpg|X5 ([[BMW X5 (G05)|G05]])
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The ''BMW M GmbH'' subsidiary (called BMW Motorsport GmbH until 1993) started making high-performance versions of various BMW models in 1978.
{{As of|
* [[BMW M2|M2]] two-door coupe
* [[BMW M3|M3]] four-door sedan and five-door station wagon
* [[BMW M4|M4]] two-door coupe/convertible
* [[BMW M5|M5]] four-door sedan and five-door station wagon
* [[BMW M8|M8]] two-door coupe/convertible and four-door sedan
* [[BMW
* [[BMW X5 (G05)|X5 M]] mid-size SUV<ref>{{cite web |title=The Next-Generation BMW X5 M Could Debut Early In 2020 |url=https://carbuzz.com/news/the-next-generation-bmw-x5-m-could-debut-early-in-2020 |website=www.carbuzz.com |date=30 December 2017 |access-date=29 July 2019 |language=en-us}}</ref>
* [[BMW X6 (G06)|X6 M]] mid-size coupe SUV<ref>{{cite web |title=2020 BMW X6 (G06) Spied In Spartanburg |url=https://www.autoevolution.com/news/2020-bmw-x6-g06-spied-in-spartanburg-126617.html |website=www.autoevolution.com |access-date=29 July 2019 |language=en |date=25 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729103150/https://www.autoevolution.com/news/2020-bmw-x6-g06-spied-in-spartanburg-126617.html |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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File:2021 BMW M3 Competition Automatic 3.0 Front.jpg|[[BMW M3|M3]]
File:BMW M4 (G82) IMG 4183.jpg|[[BMW M4|M4]]
File:
File:BMW M8 Competition IMG 3364.jpg|[[BMW M8|M8]]
File:2019 BMW X4 M Competition Automatic 3.0 Front.jpg|[[BMW X4 (G02)|X4 M]]
File:BMW X5 M (G05) IMG 3370.jpg|[[BMW X5 (G05)|X5 M]]
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== Involvement in the arts ==
{{main|BMW Art Car}}▼
In 1975, sculptor [[Alexander Calder]] was commissioned to paint the BMW 3.0 CSL racing car driven by [[Hervé Poulain]] at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which became the first in the series of BMW Art Cars. Since Calder's work of art, many other renowned artists throughout the world have created BMW Art Cars, including [[David Hockney]], [[Jenny Holzer]], [[Roy Lichtenstein]], [[Robert Rauschenberg]], [[Frank Stella]], and [[Andy Warhol]].<ref name="Patton2009">{{Cite news |last=Patton |first=Phil |date=12 March 2009 |title=These Canvases Need Oil and a Good Driver |periodical=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/15/automobiles/collectibles/15artcars.html |page=AU1 |url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329032117/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/15/automobiles/collectibles/15artcars.html |archive-date=29 March 2017 }}</ref> To date, a total of 19 BMW Art Cars, based on both racing and regular production vehicles, have been created.▼
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="text-align:left">▼
File:Calder CSL.jpg|1975 [[BMW 3.0 CSL|3.0 CSL]] Art Car by Alexander Calder▼
File:BMW M1.jpg|1979 [[BMW M1|M1]] Art Car by Andy Warhol▼
</gallery>▼
=== Architecture ===
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</gallery>
===
▲{{main|BMW Art Car}}
▲In 1975, sculptor [[Alexander Calder]] was commissioned to paint the BMW 3.0 CSL racing car driven by [[Hervé Poulain]] at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which became the first in the series of BMW Art Cars. Since Calder's work of art, many other renowned artists throughout the world have created BMW Art Cars, including [[David Hockney]], [[Jenny Holzer]], [[Roy Lichtenstein]], [[Robert Rauschenberg]], [[Frank Stella]], and [[Andy Warhol]].<ref name="Patton2009">{{Cite news |last=Patton |first=Phil |date=12 March 2009 |title=These Canvases Need Oil and a Good Driver |periodical=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/15/automobiles/collectibles/15artcars.html |page=AU1 |url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329032117/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/15/automobiles/collectibles/15artcars.html |archive-date=29 March 2017 }}</ref> To date, a total of 19 BMW Art Cars, based on both racing and regular production vehicles, have been created.
▲<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="text-align:left">
▲File:Calder CSL.jpg|1975 [[BMW 3.0 CSL|3.0 CSL]] Art Car by Alexander Calder
▲File:BMW M1.jpg|1979 [[BMW M1|M1]] Art Car by Andy Warhol
▲</gallery>
=== Visual arts ===
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=== Vehicle importers ===
==== Canada ====
BMW's first dealership in Canada, located in [[Ottawa]], was opened in 1969.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Otto's Story|url=http://www.bmwottos.ca/en/ottos_story.php|website=www.bmwottos.ca|access-date=28 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028093821/http://www.bmwottos.ca/en/ottos_story.php |archive-date=28 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1986, BMW established a head office in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|title=In photos: The evolution and history of BMW as it turns 100 |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/in-photos-100-years-of-bmw/article29032892/|access-date=28 October 2017 |website=www.theglobeandmail.com |date=7 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319230610/https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/in-photos-100-years-of-bmw/article29032892/|archive-date=19 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
BMW sold 28,149 vehicles in Canada in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of BMW Canada |url=https://www.bmwlondon.ca/history-bmw-canada/|website=www.bmwlondon.ca|access-date=28 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028094453/https://www.bmwlondon.ca/history-bmw-canada/ |archive-date=28 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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* {{cite book |last1=Lewin |first1=Tony |title=BMW Century |date=2022 |publisher=Motorbooks |location=Beverly, MA, USA |isbn=9780760373774 |edition=2nd}}
* {{cite book |last1=Noakes |first1=Andrew |title=The Ultimate History of BMW: From the innovative 328 sports car and the Isetta bubble car to the 5 Series Gran Turismo |date=2010 |publisher=Parragon Books |location=Bath |isbn=9781407549781}}
* {{cite book |last1=Schrader |first1=Halwart |author-link=:de:Halwart Schrader |title=BMW: Passion · Power · Perfektion |trans-title=BMW: Passion · Power · Perfection |date=2011 |publisher=Motorbuch Verlag |location=Stuttgart |isbn=9783613033788 |language=de}}
* {{cite book |last1=Schrader |first1=Halwart |title=BMW: Von 1981 bis heute |trans-title=BMW: From 1981 to today |series=Typenkompass series |date=2016 |publisher=Motorbuch Verlag |location=Stuttgart |isbn=9783613038721 |language=de |author-mask=8}}
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[[Category:1916 establishments in Germany]]
[[Category:Aircraft engine manufacturers of Germany]]
[[Category:Car brands]]
[[Category:Car manufacturers of Germany]]
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