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{{Short description|Russian poet (1892–1941)}}
{{for|other people with the same surname|Tsvetayev}}
{{family name hatnote|Ivanovna|Tsvetaeva|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
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| occupation = Poet and writer
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Sergei Efron]]|1912}}
| children = 3, including [[Ariadna
| education = [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]], Paris
| movement = [[Russian symbolism]]
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}}
'''Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva''' ({{lang-rus|Марина Ивановна Цветаева|p=mɐˈrʲinə ɪˈvanəvnə tsvʲɪˈta(j)ɪvə|links=yes}}; {{OldStyleDate|8 October|1892|26 September}}{{spaced ndash}}31 August 1941) was a Russian poet. Her work is some of the most well
Marina attempted to save her daughter Irina from starvation by placing her in a state orphanage in 1919, where Irina died of hunger. Tsvetaeva left Russia in 1922 and lived with her family in increasing poverty in Paris, Berlin and Prague before returning to Moscow in 1939. Her husband [[Sergei Efron]] and their daughter [[Ariadna Èfron|Ariadna]] (Alya) were arrested on espionage charges in 1941, when her husband was executed.
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Marina Tsvetaeva was born in [[Moscow]], the daughter of [[Ivan Tsvetaev|Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev]], a professor of Fine Art at the [[University of Moscow]],<ref name="Who"/> who later founded the Alexander III Museum of Fine Arts (known from 1937 as the [[Pushkin Museum]]). Tsvetaeva's mother, {{ill|Maria Tsvetaeva|ru|Цветаева, Мария Александровна|lt=Maria Alexandrovna Mein}}, Ivan's second wife, was a concert pianist,<ref name="Who"/> highly literate, with German and Polish ancestry. Growing up in considerable material comfort,<ref name="ix">Feinstein (1993) pix</ref> Tsvetaeva would later come to identify herself with the Polish aristocracy.
Tsvetaeva's two half-siblings, Valeria and Andrei, were the children of Ivan's deceased first wife, Varvara Dmitrievna Ilovaiskaya, daughter of the historian [[Dmitry Ilovaisky]]. Tsvetaeva's only full sister, [[Anastasia Tsvetayeva|Anastasia]], was born in 1894. The children quarrelled frequently and occasionally violently. There was considerable tension between Tsvetaeva's mother and Varvara's children, and Tsvetaeva's father maintained close contact with Varvara's family. Tsvetaeva's father was kind, but deeply wrapped up in his studies and distant from his family. He was also still deeply in love with his first wife; he would never get over her. Likewise, Tsvetaeva's mother Maria had never recovered from a love affair she'd had before her marriage. Maria disapproved of Marina's poetic inclination;
In 1902, Maria contracted [[tuberculosis]]. A change in climate was recommended to help cure the disease, and so the family travelled abroad until shortly before her death in 1906, when Tsvetaeva was 14.<ref name="ix"/> They lived for a while by the sea at [[Nervi]], near [[Genoa]]. There, away from the rigid constraints of a bourgeois Muscovite life, Tsvetaeva was able for the first time to run free, climb cliffs, and vent her imagination in childhood games. There were many Russian ''émigré'' revolutionaries residing at that time in Nervi, who may have had some influence on the young Tsvetaeva.<ref>''Marina Tsvetaeva: The Woman, Her World, and Her Poetry'' (1985). Simon Karlinsky, Cambridge University Press p18 {{ISBN|9780521275743}}</ref>
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==Tribute==
On 8 October 2015, [[Google Doodle]] commemorated her 123rd birthday.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://
==Translations into English==
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* [http://www.carcanet.co.uk/cgi-bin/indexer?owner_id=775 Marina Tsvetaeva biography] at [[Carcanet Press]], English language publisher of Tsvetaeva's ''Bride of Ice'' and ''Marina Tsvetaeva: Selected Poems'', translated by [[Elaine Feinstein]].
* [http://english.tsvetayeva.com/ Heritage of Marina Tsvetayeva], a resource in English with [http://www.tsvetayeva.com/ a more extensive version in Russian].
* [https://allperestroika.ru/en/tsvetaeva-biography-en.html The brief biography of Marina Tsvetaeva] (in English).
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Russian women diarists]]
[[Category:Writers from Moscow]]
[[Category:Russian
[[Category:20th-century Russian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Russian diarists]]
[[Category:Soviet diarists]]
[[Category:20th-century Russian
[[Category:Soviet women poets]]
[[Category:Russian women poets]]
[[Category:Russian satirists]]
[[Category:Russian satirical poets]]
[[Category:Women satirists]]
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