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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/July 31: Difference between revisions

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File:Lunar Prospector orbiter.jpg|Lunar Prospector
File:Presidente de Cuba, Raúl Castro, visita Salvador.jpg|Raúl Castro
File:Gilbert du Motier Marquis de Lafayette.jpg|The Marquis de Lafayette▼
File:Bogside (16), August 2009.JPG|Free Derry Corner▼
File:George Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev sign the START 1991.jpg|[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]] and [[Mikhail Gorbachev|Gorbachev]] sign the {{nowrap|[[START I]]}} treaty.|alt=Bush and Gorbachev sitting at a table, flanked by advisors, and signing the START I treaty.
File:Compagnoni and Lacedelli 1954.jpg|[[Achille Compagnoni]] (left} and [[Lino Lacedelli]]
File:Vigiles du roi Charles VII 47 (cropped).jpg|Battle of Cravant|title=''The Vigils of Charles VII'', a manuscript of Martial d'Auvergne depicting the Battle of Cravant, dated to around 1484
File:K2 2006b.jpg|K2
File:080103 hakkai fuji.jpg|Mount Fuji
▲File:Gilbert du Motier Marquis de Lafayette.jpg|TheGilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
▲File:Bogside (16), August 2009.JPG|Free Derry Corner
</gallery>
 
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|-
| [[Calendar of saints|Feast day]] of '''[[Ignatius of Loyola|Saint Ignatius of Loyola]]''' ([[Catholic Church|Catholicism]] and [[Anglican Communion|Anglicanism]])
| appears on [[Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/March 12|March 12]]
| lots of {{Tl|cn}} tags (10)
|-▼
*| [[781]] – The first recorded eruption of Japan's '''[[Mount Fuji]]''' ''(pictured)'' took place.▼
|Refimprove
|-
*| [[1423]] – [[Hundred Years' War]]: The English and their [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundian]] allies were victorious over the French at the '''[[Battle of Cravant]]''' near [[Auxerre]], France.▼
| Refimprove
|-
| [[1658]] – Having defeated his brothers in a war of succession, '''[[Aurangzeb]]''' was crowned the sixth [[Mughal Empire|Mughal Emperor]].
| lots of {{Tl|cn}} tags (19)
|-
| [[1924]] – [[Herbert Payne]]'s bill introducing '''[[Electoral system of Australia|compulsory voting in Australia]]''' was passed into law.
| [[1930]] – '''''[[The Shadow]]''''', one of the most famous [[Pulp magazine|pulp heroes]] of the 20th century, debuted as the mysterious narrator of a radio program.▼
| 6x cn tags
|-
▲| [[1930]] – '''''[[The Shadow]]''''', one of the most famous [[Pulp magazine|pulp heroes]] of the 20th century, debuted as the mysterious narrator of a radio program.
| refimprove sections
▲|-
| [[1971]] – [[Apollo program]]: The first [[Lunar Roving Vehicle]] was used during the '''[[Apollo 15|{{nowrap|Apollo 15}}]]''' mission to the [[Moon]].▼
| [[WP:Today's featured article/July 30, 2021|TFA for 2021-07-30]]
|-
| [[1991]] – The Soviet Union and the United States signed the [[bilateral treaty|bilateral]] {{nowrap|'''[[START I]]'''}} treaty<!-- ''(signing pictured)''-->, the largest and most complex [[arms control]] treaty in history, which eventually removed 80% of all [[strategic nuclear weapon]]s then in existence.
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==Eligible==
* [[1200]] or [[12011009]] – '''[[JohnPope KomnenosSergius theIV|Sergius FatIV]]''' briefly seizedbecame the throne[[List of thepopes|142nd [[Byzantine Empirepope]], fromsucceeding [[AlexiosPope IIIJohn AngelosXVIII|Alexios&nbsp;IIIJohn AngelosXVIII]], but was captured and executed that night.
* [[1200]] or [[1201]] – '''[[John Komnenos the Fat]]''' briefly seized the throne of the [[Byzantine Empire]]<!-- from [[Alexios III Angelos|Alexios&nbsp;III Angelos]]-->, but was captured and executed that night.
* [[1667]] – The '''[[Second Anglo-Dutch War]]'''<!--not bold, lots of cn--> ended with the signing of the '''[[Treaty of Breda (1667)|Treaty of Breda]]'''.
* [[1777]] – The [[Second Continental Congress]] passed a resolution commissioning the '''[[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette|Marquis de Lafayette]]''' <!--''(pictured)''--> as a [[major general]] in the [[Continental Army|American revolutionary forces]].▼
* [[1917]] – [[World War I|First World War]]: The '''[[Battle of Passchendaele]]''' began near [[Ypres]], Belgium, with the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] aiming to force German troops to withdraw from the [[Channel Ports]].
* [[1941]] – [[The Holocaust]]: Under instructions from [[Adolf Hitler]], [[Hermann Göring]] authorised [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] General [[Reinhard Heydrich]] to handle preparations for "the '''[[Final Solution]]''' of the [[Jewish question]]".▼
* [[1954]] – '''[[1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2|A team of Italian climbers]]''' became the first to reach the summit of '''[[K2]]''' ''(pictured)'', the world's [[List of highest mountains on Earth|second-highest mountain]].▼
* [[1966]] – The pleasure cruiser '''[[Loss of MV Darlwyne|MV&nbsp;''Darlwyne'']]''' disappeared off the coast of [[Cornwall]] with the loss of all 31 people aboard.
* [[1972]] – [[The Troubles]]: Several hours after the [[British Army]]'s '''[[Operation Motorman]]''' brought an end to the autonomous self-declared area of '''[[Free Derry]]'''<!--''([[Free Derry Corner]] pictured)''--> in Northern Ireland, '''[[Claudy bombing|three car bombs]]''' went off in the village of [[Claudy]].▼
▲|* [[1971]] – [[Apollo program]]: The first '''[[Lunar Roving Vehicle]]''' was first used during the '''[[Apollo 15|{{nowrap|Apollo 15}}]]''' mission to the [[Moon]].
▲* [[1972]] – [[The Troubles]]: Several hoursHours after the [[British Army]]'s '''[[Operation Motorman]]''' brought an end to the autonomous self-declared autonomous area of '''[[Free Derry]]'''<!-- ''([[Free Derry Corner]] pictured)''--> in Northern Ireland, '''[[Claudy bombing|three car bombs exploded]]''' went off in the village of [[Claudy]].
* [[1975]] – [[The Troubles]]: In '''[[Miami Showband killings|a botched paramilitary attack]]''', three members of the popular [[The Miami Showband|Miami Showband]] and two [[Ulster Volunteer Force]] gunmen were killed in [[County Down]], Northern Ireland.
* [[1991]] – Soviet [[OMON|Special Purpose Police Unit]] troops killed seven Lithuanian customs officials in [[Medininkai]] in the most serious attack of their '''[[Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts|campaign against Lithuanian border posts]]'''.▼
* [[2000]] – Three years after being hit by a [[Mudflow|mudslide]], the '''[[Ten Thousand Buddhas Monastery]]''' in Hong Kong fully reopened.
* [[2002]] – [[Hamas]] '''[[Hebrew University bombing|detonated a bomb]]''' at the [[Mount Scopus]] campus of the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]], killing nine students and injuring about 100 more.
* [[2006]] – Following intestinal surgery, [[Fidel Castro]] provisionally '''[[2006–2008 Cuban transfer of presidential duties|transferred the duties]]''' the duties of the [[President of Cuba|Cuban presidency]] to his brother [[Raúl Castro|Raúl]].
* [[2007]] – [[The Troubles]]: '''[[Operation Banner]]''', the [[British Armed Forces]]' operation in Northern Ireland, ended after 38&nbsp;years with a military stalemate and ceasefire.<!--not bold, recentism section-->
* [[2012]] – The '''[[2012 India blackouts|The largest power outage in history]]''' occurred across 22 [[States and union territories of India|Indian states]], affecting more than {{nowrap|620 &nbsp;million}} people, or about {{nowrap|9 percent}} of the world's population.
* Born/died: | '''[[Feng Xingxi]]'''<!--Chinese warlord-->|d|910| '''[[William Courtenay]]'''<!--English bishop-->|d|1396|'''[[Roger Wilbraham]]'''<!--English lawyer--> |d|1616| '''[[Jean-Gaspard Deburau]]'''<!--French mime-->|b|1796| '''[[Friedrich Wöhler]]'''<!--German chemist--> |b|1800| '''[[William S. Clark]]'''<!--American chemist--> |b|1826| '''[[Marion Talbot]]'''<!--American educator-->|b|1858| '''[[Charles Inglis (engineer)|Charles Inglis]]'''<!--American engineer-->|b|1875| '''[[Fred Keenor]]'''<!--Welsh footballer--> |b|1894| '''[[Doris Zinkeisen]]'''<!--Scottish theatre designer--> |b|1898| '''[[Gubby Allen]]'''<!--English cricketer, male--> |b|1902| '''[[Bill Brown (cricketer)|Bill Brown]]'''<!--Australian cricketer--> |b|1912| '''[[Hilary Putnam]]'''<!--American philosopher--> |b|1926| '''[[José Santamaría]]'''<!--Uruguayan footballer-->|b|1929| '''[[David Norris (politician)|David Norris]]'''<!--Irish politician--> |b|1944| '''[[Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd]]'''<!--American mistress of FDR--> |d|1948| '''[[Cho Ki-chon]]'''<!--North Korean poet-->|d|1951| '''[[J. K. Rowling|{{nowrap|J. K.}} Rowling]]'''<!--English writer-->|b|1965| '''[[Isamu Kamikokuryo]]'''<!--Japanese video game designer-->|b|1970| '''[[Lola Álvarez Bravo]]'''<!--Mexican photographer-->|d|1993| '''[[Nabarun Bhattacharya]]'''<!--Indian writer-->|d|2014|
{{divhide|end}}
</noinclude>
'''[[July 31]]''': '''[[Flag of Hawaii|''{{lang|haw|Lā Hae Hawaiʻi''|cat=no}} (Flag Day)]]''' and '''[[Sovereignty Restoration Day|''{{lang|haw|Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea''|cat=no}} (Sovereignty Restoration Day)]]''' in Hawaii ([[1843]])
{{main page image/OTD|File:080103Ranger7 hakkai fujiPIA02975.jpg|MountThe lunar surface as photographed by Ranger&nbsp;7 approximately 17 minutes before Fujiimpact}}
* [[1874]] – '''[[Patrick Francis Healy]]''' was inaugurated as president of [[Georgetown University]], becoming the first [[African Americans|African-American]] president of a predominantly white university in the United States.
▲* [[781]] – The first recorded eruption of Japan's '''[[Mount Fuji]]''' ''(pictured)'' took place.
* [[1924]] – A [[Private member's bill|private senator's bill]] by '''[[Herbert Payne]]''' to introduce [[Electoral system of Australia|compulsory voting in Australia]]<!--not bold, 6x {cn}--> became law.
▲* [[1423]] – [[Hundred Years' War]]: The English and their [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundian]] allies were victorious over the French at the '''[[Battle of Cravant]]''' near [[Auxerre]], France.
▲* [[1954]] – '''[[1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2|A team of Italian climbers]]''' became the first to reach the summit of '''[[K2]]'''<!--not ''(pictured)''bold, ref problems-->, the world's [[List of highest mountains on Earth|second-highest mountain]].
▲* [[1777]] – The [[Second Continental Congress]] passed a resolution commissioning the '''[[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette|Marquis de Lafayette]]''' as a [[major general]] in the [[Continental Army|American revolutionary forces]].
* [[1964]] – The [[Uncrewed spacecraft#Space probes and observatories|space probe]] '''[[Ranger 7]]''' captured thousands of close-up photographs of the [[Moon]] ''(example pictured)'' over its final minutes of flight and transmitted them to Earth before crashing on the lunar surface.
▲* [[1941]] – [[The Holocaust]]: Under instructions from [[Adolf Hitler]], [[Hermann Göring]] authorised [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] General [[Reinhard Heydrich]] to handle preparations for "the '''[[Final Solution]]''' of the [[Jewish question]]".
* [[2014]] – '''[[2014 Kaohsiung gas explosions|Gas explosions]]''' in [[Kaohsiung]], Taiwan, killed 32 people and injured 321 others.
▲* [[1991]] – Soviet [[OMON|Special Purpose Police Unit]] troops killed seven Lithuanian customs officials in [[Medininkai]] in the most serious attack of their '''[[Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts|campaign against Lithuanian border posts]]'''.
{{Born and died list| '''[[WilliamFred CourtenayKeenor]]'''<!--EnglishWelsh bishopfootballer--> |db|13961894| '''[[Jean-GaspardDavid Norris (politician)|David DeburauNorris]]'''<!--FrenchIrish mimepolitician--> |b|17961944| '''[[J. K. Rowling|{{nowrap|J. K.}} Rowling]]'''<!--English writer--> |b|1965|}}
{{SelAnnivFooter|Month=July|Day=31}}
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