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{{cleanup infobox}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Short description|none}}
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|image_size = 350
|caption = [[Population pyramid]] of Spain in 2021
|size_of_population =48,
|growth =0.13% (2022 est.)
|birth =6.9 births/1,000 population (2022)
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|2024| 48692804
}}
As of
Spain's population surpassed 48 million inhabitants for the first time in history in 2023. In 2024 the population peaked, there are 48,
The population of Spain doubled during the twentieth century, but the pattern of growth was extremely uneven due to large-scale internal migration from the rural interior to the industrial cities. Eleven of Spain's fifty provinces saw an absolute decline in population over the century.
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=== Fertility ===
[[File:Total fertility rate of Spain overtime to 2016.svg|thumb|300x300px|TFR of Spain
[[File:Spain total fertility rate by region 2014.png|thumb|Spain total fertility rate by province (2014)
{| width="100%"
Line 1,829 ⟶ 1,830:
| 2023
| 48,085,361
| style="color: red" | 322,075
| 435,331
| style="color: red" | -113,256
| style="color:red;" | 6.8
Line 1,836 ⟶ 1,837:
| style="color:red;" | -2.3
| 15.0
| style="color:red;" |1.
|-
| 2024
| style="color: blue"| 48,630,010
|}
==== Nationality of mothers ====
In
==== Birthplace of mothers ====
▲In 2021 264,897 (78.6%) babies were born to mothers with Spanish nationality (including naturalized immigrants), 23,704 (7%) to mothers with an African nationality (including North Africa), 21,769 (6.5%) to mothers with an American nationality (both North and South America), 19,903 (5.9%) to mothers with a European nationality (both EU and non-EU countries of Europe), and 6,393 (1.9%) to mothers with an Asian nationality.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?tpx=21825&L=1|title=Births, by country of nationality of the mother and month.|website=INE}}</ref>
In 2023, 220,218 (68.7%) babies were born to Spanish-born mothers, 47,336 (14.8%) to American-born mothers (North and South America), 26,960 (8.4%) to African-born mothers, 18,696 (5.8%) to European-born mothers (all countries of Europe except for Spain), and 7,395 (2.3%) to Asian-born mothers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=58930|title=Births, by country of birth of the mother and month.|website=INE}}</ref>
===Current vital statistics=== ▼
<ref>{{cite web |title=Monthly estimates of births|url=https://www.ine.es/en/experimental/nacimientos/experimental_nacimientos.htm?L=1|website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Weekly death estimates|url=https://www.ine.es/en/experimental/defunciones/experimental_defunciones.htm?L=1|website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística}}</ref>▼
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"▼
|+▼
! Period▼
! Live births▼
! Deaths▼
! Natural increase▼
|-
| 237,673
| 332,748
|-
| 239,883
| 336,250
|-
| '''Difference'''▼
|}
[[Total fertility rate]] (TFR) in Spain by [[Provinces of Spain|province]] as of 2022:
{| class="wikitable sortable
|+ 2022
![[Provinces of Spain|province]]
!TFR
▲!Total fertility rate
|-
|
|1.56
|-
|
|1.42
|-
|
|1.33
|-
|{{flag|Navarre}}
|1.27
|-
|[[File:Flag of La Rioja (with coat of arms).svg|23px]] [[La Rioja]]
|1.24
|-
|{{flag|Andalusia}}
|1.22
|-
|
|1.22
|-
|{{flag|Aragon}}
|1.21
|-
|
|1.19
|-
|{{flag|Catalonia}}
|1.17
|-
|
|1.16
|-
|
|1.14
▲|}
▲===Current vital statistics===
▲<ref>{{cite web |title=Monthly estimates of births|url=https://www.ine.es/en/experimental/nacimientos/experimental_nacimientos.htm?L=1|website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Weekly death estimates|url=https://www.ine.es/en/experimental/defunciones/experimental_defunciones.htm?L=1|website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística}}</ref>
▲{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
▲|+
|-
|{{flag|Community of Madrid}}
▲! Period
|1.14
▲! Live births
▲! Deaths
▲! Natural increase
|-
|{{flag|Balearic Islands}}
▲| '''January - June 2023'''
|1.11
▲| -76,752
|-
|{{flag|Castile and León}}
▲| '''January - June 2024'''
|1.10
▲| -78,736
|-
|{{flag|Cantabria}}
▲| '''Difference'''
|1.03
▲| {{increase}} +440 (+0.28%)
|-
▲| {{increasenegative}} +2,424 (+1.04%)
|{{flag|Galicia}}
▲| {{decrease}} -1,984
|1.01
|-
|{{flag|Asturias}}
|0.97
|-
|{{flag|Canary Islands}}
|0.86
|}
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{{main|Spanish people|National and regional identity in Spain}}
[[File:191026 60278 dc (48979567256).jpg|thumb|[[Catalans|Catalan people]] in Barcelona in 2019]]
The [[Spanish Constitution of 1978]], in its second article, generically recognises contemporary entities—''[[nationalities and regions of Spain|nationalities]]'' and regions—{{efn|name=Nationalities|The term 'nationality' ({{
Spain has been described as a ''de facto'' [[plurinationalism|plurinational state]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/10056|title=Rival nationalisms in a plurinational state: Spain, Catalonia and the Basque Country|publisher=Oxford University Press|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525185738/http://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/10056|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/555054.pdf|title=España, una nación de naciones|publisher=University of Navarre|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525185727/https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/555054.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> The identity of Spain rather accrues of an overlap of different territorial and ethnolinguistic identities than of a sole Spanish identity. In some cases some of the territorial identities may conflict with the dominant Spanish culture. Distinct traditional identities within Spain include the [[Basque people|Basques]], [[Catalan people|Catalans]], [[Galician people|Galicians]], [[Andalusians]] and [[Valencian people|Valencians]],{{failed verification|date=June 2021}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://elpais.com/diario/1996/08/24/opinion/840837607_850215.html|title=Nacionalidades históricas|access-date=9 May 2016|work=El País|date=23 August 1996|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428110601/http://elpais.com/diario/1996/08/24/opinion/840837607_850215.html|archive-date=28 April 2016|last1=Azaola|first1=José Miguel de}}</ref> although to some extent all of the 17 autonomous communities may claim a distinct local identity.
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* [[Health in Spain]]
* [[List of Spaniards]]
* [[Gitanos|Romani people in Spain]]
* [[Ranked list of Spanish autonomous communities]]
* [[Singular population entity]]
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{{Demographics of Europe}}
{{Ethnic groups of Spain}}
{{Spain topics|state=collapsed}}
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