Yasak: Difference between revisions

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Second is a 'ten-men troop', who were the smallest cell in the army, who also came to collect the tribute of 1/10 of profits in favour of the Altyn Orda ([[Golden Horde]]), and their name became the shadow of the tribute and in return stayed in European languages under associative name rather than real definition.
 
There is much uncertainty as to the time when the concept of yasak was introduced in [[Tsardom of Russia|Muscovy]]. It appears likely that the tax was inherited by Muscovy from the [[Volga]] khanates of [[Khanate of Kazan|Kazan]] and [[Khanate of Astrakhan|Astrakhan]] - two fragments of the Golden Horde that were subjugated by [[Ivan IV]] in the 1550s. These territories were settled by a range of non-Christian peoples who were expected to pay yasak either in kind or cash. The late French scholar of Eurasian history, Renee Grousset, traces "yasaq" (Regulations) back still further in his classic work, ''The Empire of the Steppes'', to the moral code imposed by Genghis Khan on his original horde. The Yasaq continued to be practiced by Mongol hordes until they came under Yellow Church Buddhist (Mongolia, China) and Muslim influences (Golden Horde, Persia, Central Asia) in successive centuries.
 
The earliest mention of the tax is found in a letter sent by [[Ismail of the Nogai|Ismail]] (a ruler of the [[Nogai Horde]] and ancestor of the [[Yusupov]] family) to Tsar Ivan IV in 1559, three years after Ivan's conquest of the [[Volga Delta]] and [[Astrakhan]]. The border between the two polities was not yet established, and Ismail complained that Ivan's governor of Astrakhan demanded yasak from those inhabitants of the delta that Ismail considered his subjects, "in grain from those who farm and in fish from those who fish".<ref name="Khodor">Quoted from: Khodarkovsky, Michael. ''Russia's Steppe Frontier: The Making of a Colonial Empire, 1500-1800''. Indiana University Press, 2002. {{ISBN|0-253-21770-9}}. Pages 61-63.</ref>