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Iceland is arguably the world's oldest [[assembly democracy]],<ref> {{Cite web|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/03/iceland/del-giudice-text|title=Power Struggle|first=Marguerite|last=Del Giudice|publisher=[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]|page=85|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107025544/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/03/iceland/del-giudice-text|date=March 2008|access-date=2019-07-21|archive-date=2017-11-07|url-status=dead|website=Iceland's Heated Debate - National Geographic Magazine}}
</ref> and has been rated as a "full democracy" in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/02/02/global-democracy-has-a-very-bad-year|title=Global democracy has a very bad year|date=February 2, 2021|via=The Economist|access-date=September 28, 2021|archive-date=February 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202220733/https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/02/02/global-democracy-has-a-very-bad-year|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Executive branch==
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After four four-year terms as the world's first elected woman president, the widely popular [[Vigdís Finnbogadóttir]] chose not to run for re-election in 1996.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kristinsson|first=Gunnar Helgi|date=1996-11-01|title=The presidential election in Iceland 1996|journal=Electoral Studies|volume=15|issue=4|pages=533–537|doi=10.1016/s0261-3794(96)80470-7}}</ref> More than 86% of voters turned out in the June 29, 1996 presidential elections to give former leftist party chairman [[Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson]] a 41% plurality and relatively comfortable 12% victory margin over the closest of three other candidates. Traditionally limited to 6–12 weeks, Iceland's campaign season was marked by several intensely personal attacks on Ólafur Ragnar, a former finance minister who tried to erase memories of his controversial support of inflationary policies and opposition to the [[United States|U.S.]] military presence at the [[NATO]] base in [[Keflavík]]. Ólafur Ragnar successfully had used his largely ceremonial office to promote Icelandic trade abroad and family values at home. The [[2020 Icelandic presidential election|last presidential elections]] took place on June 27, 2020.
The [[2017 Icelandic parliamentary election|last parliamentary elections]] took place on October 28, 2017. The ruling government was three-party coalition government which collapsed after the departure of Bright Future. The [[Independence Party (Iceland)|Independence Party]] retained its position as the Althing's largest party.<ref>{{cite web|title=FINAL RESULTS: General Elections in Iceland bring a complicated political landscape|url=http://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/politics_and_society/2017/10/29/final_results_2017_elections/|website=Iceland Monitor|access-date=29 October 2017|archive-date=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029130311/http://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/politics_and_society/2017/10/29/final_results_2017_elections/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the Independence Party, the [[Left-Green Movement]] and the [[Progressive Party (Iceland)|Progressive Party]] formed a coalition government. A total of 201,777 votes were cast constituting 81.2% of the 248,502 electorates.
==Political history==
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