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Whey can be [[Denaturation (biochemistry)|denatured]] by heat. High heat (such as the sustained high temperatures above 72 °C associated with the [[pasteurization]] process) denatures whey proteins. While native whey protein does not aggregate upon [[rennet]]ing or [[acid]]ification of milk, denaturing the whey protein triggers [[Hydrophobe|hydrophobic interactions]] with other proteins, and the formation of a protein [[gel]].<ref name=Foegeding/>
==Vegan whey production==
Between its start in 2014 and 2019, Perfect Day has used engineered microbes to make functional milk proteins to produce one metric ton of lab-grown whey (compared to the US use of 200,000 metric tons of whey annually).<ref name=LAwhey>{{cite news | publisher=LA Times | author = Lerissa Zimberoff | date=July 11, 2019 | title=Here comes lab-grown dairy: milk proteins made without animals | url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-lab-dairy-synthetic-whey-protein-gmo-20190711-story.html}}</ref> California Performance claims to make "bioidentical to dairy whey but made without animals". Other companies aiming at non-animal whey (and cheese) include New Culture and Motif Ingredients ([[Ginkgo Bioworks]] spinoff). None of these comnpany web pages mention beta-lactoglobulin or alpha-lactalbumin.<ref>{{cite web | access-date=May 3, 2022 | title=California Performance vegan whey | url=https://californiaperformance.co/products/v-whey-protein-powder-vanilla-sundae-flavor}}</ref> but a Perfect Day patent does mention these two recombinant DNA proteins explicitly.<ref>{{cite patent | title=Food compositions comprising one or both of recombinant beta-lactoglobulin protein and recombinant alpha-lactalbumin protein | number=US9924728B2 | pridate= August 21, 2014 |pubdate= March 27, 2018 | inventor= Ryan Pandya, Perumal Gandhi, Shaowen Ji, Derek Beauchamp, Louis Hom| assign1=Perfect Day Inc. }}</ref> Nigel Barrella, a food industry attorney with [[Good Food Institute]], said "regulators will view lab-made whey as simply another GMO food product".<ref name=LAwhey/>
==Composition==
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