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Dzhambul, along with much of Kazakhstan, suffered a severe economic crisis in the early 1990s after the break-up of the Soviet Union, with many industries coming to an almost complete halt. The demographics of the city have changed drastically as well. The city lost a significant portion of its population with the exodus of the various nationalities that once made up its diversity, notably the Volga Germans and the Jews, as well as many Russians and Ukrainians. This trend was partially off-set by the migration of Kazakhs from rural areas into the city. The city's name was changed to its Kazakh spelling (Zhambyl) in the early 1992 and to Taraz (Тараз) in 1997. The city's economy has experienced a partial revival in the early 2000s. The city established a sister city relationship with [[Fresno, California]], United States according to [[Sister Cities International]], but this relationship is inactive.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.visitfresnocounty.org/about-fresno-county/sister-cities/ |title=Sister Cities International of Fresno |website=VisitFresnoCounty.org |access-date=December 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630011109/https://www.visitfresnocounty.org/about-fresno-county/sister-cities/ |archive-date=June 30, 2022}}</ref> In 2001, Taraz also entered into a sister city relationship with [[Muncie, Indiana]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indianasistercities.org/indiana-sister-cities |title=Sister City Partnerships in Indiana |website=Indiana Sister Cities |access-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023034302/https://www.indianasistercities.org/indiana-sister-cities |archive-date=October 23, 2022}}</ref>
On November 12, 2011, a gunman "described by officials as a jihadist" killed at least eight people, including five police officers and himself, in Taraz.<ref>{{cite
==Geography==
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