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== Dentistry ==
The earliest example of a drilled and filled in tooth dates back to 13,000 years ago in Italy where a tooth was filled with a mix of bitumen, hair and plant fiber. <ref>{{https://www.newscientist.com/article/2127300-oldest-tooth-filling-was-made-by-an-ice-age-dentist-in-italy/}}</ref>
Archaeologists in [[Mehrgarh]] in [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]] province in the present day [[Pakistan]] discovered that the people of [[Indus Valley civilization]] from the early [[Harappa]]n periods (c. 3300 BC) had knowledge of medicine and [[dentistry]]. The [[Physical anthropology|physical anthropologist]] who carried out the examinations, Professor Andrea Cucina from the [[University of Missouri]], made the discovery when he was cleaning the teeth from one of the men. Later research in the same area found evidence of teeth having been drilled dating to 7,000 BCE.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4882968.stm |work=BBC News |title=Stone age man used dentist drill |date=2006-04-06 |access-date=2010-05-22}}</ref>
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