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[[File:The drug clerk LCCN2002712838.jpg|thumb|Pharmacist compounding a medication using a [[mortar and pestle]] (c. 1923)]]
In the field of [[pharmacy]], '''compounding''' (performed in '''compounding pharmacies''') is preparation of a custom medication to fit a unique need of a patient that cannot be met with commercially available products. This may be done for medical reasons, such as administration in a different format (ex: tablet to liquid), to avoid a [[Excipient|non-active ingredient]] the patient is allergic to, or to provide an exact dose that isn't commercially available. Patient-specific compounding according to a prescriber's specifications is referred to as "traditional" compounding<ref>https://www.pharmacist.com/Practice/Patient-Care-Services/Compounding/Compounding-FAQs {{bare URL inline|date=July 2023}}</ref>. The nature of patient need for such customization can range from absolute necessity (e.g. avoiding allergy) to individual optimality (e.g. ideal dose level) to even preference (e.g. flavor or texture).
Hospital pharmacies typically engage in compounding medications for [[intravenous]] administration, whereas outpatient or community pharmacies typically engage in compounding medications for [[oral administration|oral]] or [[Topical medication|topical]] administration. Due to the rising cost of compounding and drug shortages, some hospitals [[outsource]] their compounding needs to large-scale compounding pharmacies, particularly of sterile-injectable medications.
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