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In 2004, Congress enacted the [[D.C. Opportunity Scholarship Program]], which provided scholarships to 2000 low-income students. In 2008, students came from families with an average income of $22,736, approximately 107 percent of the federal poverty level for a family of four.<ref name="voucher222">{{cite news |last=Strauss |first=Valerie |author2=Bill Turque |date=9 June 2008 |title=Fate of D.C. Voucher Program Darkens |pages=1–2 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/08/AR2008060802041.html?hpid=topnews |access-date=4 May 2010}}</ref>
 
In Iowa, the Educational Opportunities Act was enacted in 2006, creating tax credits for eligible donors to SGOsscholarship-granting organizations (SGO)s. These tax caps were $5 million originally, but in 2007 increased to $7.5 million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=School tuition organization tax credit |url=https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/iac/rule/11-26-2014.701.42.32.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2018 |website=iowa.gov |publisher=Iowa Department of Revenue}}</ref>
 
In 2007 [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] launched alternatives to poorly performing local schools. Governor [[Chris Christie]] worked with mayor [[Cory Booker]] to expand charter schools there.