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Dabigatran intake has also been reported to cause esophageal injury or [[esophagitis]]. In a 2016 study by Toya et al., roughly 20% of patients suffered esophageal mucosa damage.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Toya Y, Nakamura S, Tomita K, Matsuda N, Abe K, Abiko Y, Orikasa S, Akasaka R, Chiba T, Uesugi N, Sugai T, Matsumoto T | display-authors = 6 | title = Dabigatran-induced esophagitis: The prevalence and endoscopic characteristics | journal = Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | pages = 610–614 | date = March 2016 | pmid = 26102078 | doi = 10.1111/jgh.13024 | s2cid = 2601542 }}</ref> It has been theorized that the tartaric-acid core in the drug adheres and damages the esophagus, and then the damaged esophageal mucosa exfoliates after peristalsis.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bytzer P, Connolly SJ, Yang S, Ezekowitz M, Formella S, Reilly PA, Aisenberg J | title = Analysis of upper gastrointestinal adverse events among patients given dabigatran in the RE-LY trial | journal = Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 246–252.e5 | date = March 2013 | pmid = 23103906 | doi = 10.1016/j.cgh.2012.10.021 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Additionally, patients with limited mobility, reduced salivary secretion, and low water consumption will increase the possibility of contact by dabigatran with the esophageal mucosa.<ref name="Lin 1527–1533"/>
The Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) trial showed that impairment of liver function caused by dabigatran occurred in the same frequency as warfarin<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Parekh A, Pogue J, Reilly PA, Themeles E, Varrone J, Wang S, Alings M, Xavier D, Zhu J, Diaz R, Lewis BS, Darius H, Diener HC, Joyner CD, Wallentin L | display-authors = 6 | title = Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 361 | issue = 12 | pages = 1139–1151 | date = September 2009 | pmid = 19717844 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa0905561 | hdl = 11343/221723 | s2cid = 7425216 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>
==Pharmacology==
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