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Thermites with nanosized particles are described by a variety of terms, such as metastable intermolecular composites, super-thermite,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navysbir.com/n08_1/N081-020.htm |title=Low-Cost Production of Nanostructured Super-Thermites |publisher=Navysbir.com |access-date=12 October 2011}}</ref> [[nano-thermite]],<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/prep.200700273|title=Development of Nanothermite Composites with Variable Electrostatic Discharge Ignition Thresholds|year=2007|last1=Foley|first1=Timothy|last2=Pacheco|first2=Adam|last3=Malchi|first3=Jonathan|last4=Yetter|first4=Richard|last5=Higa|first5=Kelvin|journal=Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics|volume=32|issue=6|pages=431|osti=1454970|url=https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1454970}}</ref> and nanocomposite energetic materials.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ci.confex.com/ci/2005/techprogram/P1663.HTM |title=Reaction Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Nanothermite Propellants |publisher=Ci.confex.com |access-date=15 September 2009 |archive-date=13 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813145201/http://ci.confex.com/ci/2005/techprogram/P1663.HTM |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dreizin |first1=E. L. |last2=Schoenitz |first2=M. |date=2017 |title=Mechanochemically prepared reactive and energetic materials: a review |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-0912-1 |journal=Journal of Materials Science |volume=52 |issue=20 |pages=11789–11809 | doi=10.1007/s10853-017-0912-1|bibcode=2017JMatS..5211789D |s2cid=136215486 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1063/1.2787972|title=Generation of fast propagating combustion and shock waves with copper oxide/aluminum nanothermite composites|year=2007|last1=Apperson|first1=S.|last2=Shende|first2=R. V.|last3=Subramanian|first3=S.|last4=Tappmeyer|first4=D.|last5=Gangopadhyay|first5=S.|last6=Chen|first6=Z.|last7=Gangopadhyay|first7=K.|last8=Redner|first8=P.|last9=Nicholich|first9=S.|last10=Kapoor|first10=D.|journal=Applied Physics Letters|volume=91|issue=24|pages=243109|bibcode = 2007ApPhL..91x3109A |display-authors=8|hdl=10355/8197|url=https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/10355/8197/1/GenerationFastPorpagatingCombustion.pdf|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
== History ==
The thermite ({{lang-de|Thermit}}) reaction was discovered in 1893 and [[patent]]ed in 1895 by German [[chemist]] [[Hans Goldschmidt]].<ref>Goldschmidt, H. (13 March 1895) "Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallen oder Metalloiden oder Legierungen derselben" (Process for the production of metals or metalloids or alloys of the same), Deutsche Reichs Patent no. 96317.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-30 |title=Thermit, Encyclopedia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Thermit |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Consequently, the reaction is sometimes called the "Goldschmidt reaction" or "Goldschmidt process". Goldschmidt was originally interested in producing very pure metals by avoiding the use of [[carbon]] in [[smelting]], but he soon discovered the value of thermite in [[welding]].<ref name="JotSoCI">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.pyrobin.com/files/thermit%28e%29%20journal.pdf |first1=Hans |last1=Goldschmidt |author-link=Hans Goldschmidt |first2=Claude |last2=Vautin |title=Aluminium as a Heating and Reducing Agent |journal=[[Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry]] |volume=6 |issue=17 |pages=543–545 |date=30 June 1898 |access-date=12 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715133307/http://www.pyrobin.com/files/thermit%28e%29%20journal.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2011 }}</ref>
The first commercial application of thermite was the welding of [[tram]] tracks in [[Essen]] in 1899.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goldschmidt-thermit.com/en/gtg_3.php |title=Goldschmidt-Thermit-Group |publisher=Goldschmidt-thermit.com |access-date=12 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405044624/http://www.goldschmidt-thermit.com/en/gtg_3.php |archive-date=5 April 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
== Types ==
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