Frost resistance: Difference between revisions

'''Frost resistance''' is the ability of plants to survive cold temperatures. Generally, land plants of the [[northern hemisphere]] have higher frost resistance than those of the [[southern hemisphere]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Godley review: A touch of frost? Cold hardiness of plants in the southern hemisphere |journal=[[New Zealand Journal of Botany]] |last=Bannister |first=Peter |pages=1–33 |doi=10.1080/00288250709509700 |year=2007|volume=45 |doi-access=free }}</ref> An example of a frost resistant plant is ''[[Drimys winteri]]'' which is more frost-tolerant than naturally occurring [[conifers]] and vessel-bearing [[Flowering plant|angiosperms]] such as the ''[[Nothofagus]]'' that can be found in its range in southern [[South America]].<ref name=nvessel2002>{{Cite journal|title=Hardly a relict: Freezing and the evolution of vesselless wood in Winteraceae|journal=[[Evolution (journal)|Evolution]]|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01359.x|last1=Feild|first1=Taylor S.|volume=56|pages=464–478|last2=Brodribb|first2=Tim|issue=3|year=2002|last3=Holbrook|first3=N. Michele|doi=10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01359.x|pmid=11989678|s2cid=31376453 }}</ref> The physiological process of cold acclimatization is induced in fall and early winter by low above- zero temperatures (cold) and includes complex reprogramming of the cellular environment to induce enhanced frost tolerance.<ref name=HP>{{cite book |last= Pessarakli |first = Mohammad | date = 2021 | title = Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology | chapter = Plant Adaptation to Low Temperatures: Cold Acclimation | publisher = CRC Press, Taylor & Francis |edition= 4 | pages = 430-433| isbn = 9780367554545 }}</ref>Temperate climate fruit trees reach their highest resistance in the middle of winter<ref name="FH">{{cite journal | vauthors = Łysiak GP, Kurlus R, Michalska A | title = Increasing the frost resistance of ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Gala’ and ‘Šampion’ apple cultivars| url = https://sciendo.com/article/10.1515/fhort-2016-0015 | journal = [[Folia Horticulturae]] | volume = 28 | issue = 2 | pages = 125–135 | date = December 2016 | pmid = | doi = 10.1515/fhort-2016-0015| publisher = Polish Society of Horticultural Science | s2cid = | doi-access = free }}</ref>. Since freezing belongs to dehydration stresses, cold acclimation process is associated with an enhanced accumulation of osmolytes (sugars, proline, polyamines, and hydrophilic proteins)<ref name=HP/>.