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'''Marxism''' is a [[political philosophy]] and method of [[socioeconomic]] analysis. It uses a [[Dialectical materialism|dialectical materialist]] interpretation of historical development, better known as [[historical materialism]], to analyse [[Social class|class]] relations, [[social conflict]], and [[social transformation]]. Marxism originates with the works of 19th-century German philosophers [[Karl Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels]]. Marxism has developed over time into various branches and [[schools of thought]], and as a result, there is no single, definitive [[Marxist philosophy|Marxist theory]].<ref name="Wolff and Resnick, 1987">{{cite book |last1=Wolff |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard D. Wolff |last2=Resnick |first2=Stephen |author2-link=Stephen Resnick |url=https://archive.org/details/economicsmarxian00wolf_0 |title=Economics: Marxian versus Neoclassical |year=1987 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |isbn=978-0801834806 |page=[https://archive.org/details/economicsmarxian00wolf_0/page/130 130] |quote=The German Marxists extended the theory to groups and issues Marx had barely touched. Marxian analyses of the legal system, of the social role of women, of foreign trade, of international rivalries among capitalist nations, and the role of parliamentary democracy in the transition to socialism drew animated debates ... Marxian theory (singular) gave way to Marxian theories (plural). |url-access=registration}}</ref> Marxism has had a profound effect in shaping the modern world, with various [[left-wing]] and [[far-left]] political movements taking inspiration from it in varying local contexts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Left-wing / Right-wing |url=https://www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/l/e.htm |access-date=16 July 2022 |website=[[Marxists Internet Archive]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716014016/https://www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/l/e.htm |archive-date=16 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Radical left |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/radical-left |access-date=16 July 2022 |website=[[Dictionary.com]] |quote=Radical left is a term that refers collectively to people who hold left-wing political views that are considered extreme, such as supporting or working to establish communism, Marxism, Maoism, socialism, anarchism, or other forms of anticapitalism. The radical left is sometimes called the far left.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=March |first=Luke |date=2009 |title=Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe: From Marxism to the Mainstream? |url=https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/ipg/ipg-2009-1/10_a_march_us.pdf |journal=IPG |volume=1 |pages=126–143 |via=[[Friedrich Ebert Foundation]]}}</ref>
In addition to the various schools of thought, which emphasise or modify elements of [[classical Marxism]], several Marxian concepts have been incorporated into an array of [[Social theory|social theories]]. This has led to widely varying conclusions.<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Hara |first=Phillip |title=Encyclopedia of Political Economy, Volume 2 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2003 |isbn=978-0415241878 |page=107 |quote=Marxist political economists differ over their definitions of capitalism, socialism and communism. These differences are so fundamental, the arguments among differently persuaded Marxist political economists have sometimes been as intense as their oppositions to political economies that celebrate capitalism.}}</ref> Alongside Marx's [[critique of political economy]], the defining characteristics of Marxism have often been described using the terms
As a [[school of thought]], Marxism has had a profound effect on society and global academia. To date, it has influenced many fields, including [[anthropology]],<ref>{{cite journal |last=O'Laughlin |first=Bridget |title=Marxist Approaches in Anthropology |journal=[[Annual Review of Anthropology]] |date=October 1975 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=341–370 |doi=10.1146/annurev.an.04.100175.002013 |s2cid=2730688}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Roseberry |first=William |title=Marx and Anthropology |journal=[[Annual Review of Anthropology]] |date=21 October 1997 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=25–46 |doi=10.1146/annurev.anthro.26.1.25}}</ref> [[Marxist archaeology|archaeology]],<ref>{{cite book |title=A History of Archaeological Thought |edition=2nd |last=Trigger |first=Bruce G. |author-link=Bruce G. Trigger |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-521-60049-1 |location=New York |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SuoekuMtIIsC |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511813016 |page=337}}</ref> [[Marxist art theory|art theory]], [[Marxist criminology|criminology]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Criminological Theory: The Essentials |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XPA44ThcnJkC |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |date=6 April 2011 |isbn=9781412992343 |first=Stephen G. |last=Tibbetts}}</ref> [[cultural studies]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Dworkin |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Dworkin |date=1997 |title=Cultural Marxism in Post-War Britain: History, the New Left, and the Origins of Cultural Studies |location=Durham |publisher=[[Duke University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hartley |first1=John |chapter=Culture from Arnold to Schwarzenegger: Imperial Literacy to Pop Culture (destination democracy?) |title=A Short History of Cultural Studies |date=2003 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=London |pages=31–57}}</ref> [[Marxian economics|economics]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Sperber |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan Sperber |date=16 May 2013 |title=Is Marx still relevant? |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/may/16/karl-marx-ideas-resonate-today |access-date=1 October 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208211516/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/may/16/karl-marx-ideas-resonate-today |archive-date=8 December 2021}}</ref> [[education]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Malott |first1=Curry |last2=Ford |first2=Derek |title=Marx, capital, and education: towards a critical pedagogy of becoming |date=2015 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-1-4539-1602-5 |oclc=913956545}}{{page needed|date=April 2022}}</ref> [[Marxist ethics|ethics]], [[Marxist film theory|film theory]],<ref>{{cite book |editor-first=Mike |editor-last=Wayne |title=Understanding Film: Marxist Perspectives |publisher=[[Pluto Press]] |date=2005 |page=24}}</ref> [[Marxist geography|geography]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Mitchell |first=Don |title=Mean streets: homelessness, public space, and the limits of capital |publisher=University of Georgia Press |date=2020 |isbn=978-0-8203-5691-4 |oclc=1151767935}}{{page needed|date=April 2022}}</ref> [[Marxist historiography|historiography]], [[Marxist literary criticism|literary criticism]],<ref>{{cite book |first=Terry |last=Eagleton |author-link=Terry Eagleton |title=Marxism and Literary Criticism |location=Berkeley |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |date=1976}}</ref> [[media studies]],<ref>{{cite journal |last=Becker |first=Samuel L. |title=Marxist approaches to media studies: The British experience |journal=[[Critical Studies in Mass Communication]] |date=18 May 2009 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=66–80 |doi=10.1080/15295038409360014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Alvarado |first1=Manuel |author1-link=Manuel Alvarado |last2=Gutch |first2=Robin |last3=Wollen |first3=Tana |date=1987 |title=Learning the Media: Introduction to Media Teaching |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |pages=62, 76}}</ref> [[Marxist philosophy|philosophy]], [[political science]], [[political economy]], [[Freudo-Marxism|psychology]],<ref name="Pavón-Cuéllar 2017">{{cite book |last=Pavón-Cuéllar |first=David |author-link=:es:David Pavón-Cuéllar |year=2017 |chapter=Marxism, Psychoanalysis, and Critique of Psychology |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rCQlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA125 |title=Marxism and Psychoanalysis: In or Against Psychology? |location=[[New York City|New York]] and [[London]] |publisher=[[Routledge]] |edition=1st |series=Concepts for Critical Psychology |pages=113–149 |isbn=9781138916586 |lccn=2016032101}}</ref> [[science studies]],<ref>{{cite journal |last=Sheehan |first=Helena |title=Marxism and Science Studies: A Sweep through the Decades |journal=[[International Studies in the Philosophy of Science]] |date=July 2007 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=197–210 |doi=10.1080/02698590701498126 |s2cid=143737257 |url=http://doras.dcu.ie/508/ |access-date=24 April 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224101154/http://doras.dcu.ie/508/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Marxist sociology|sociology]],<ref name="Johnson-2000"/> [[urban planning]], and [[theatre]].
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