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| commander2 = {{flagicon|South African Republic}} '''[[Paul Kruger]]'''{{br}}{{flagicon|South African Republic}} [[Koos de la Rey]]{{br}}{{flagicon|South African Republic}} [[Louis Botha]]{{br}}{{flagicon|South African Republic}} [[Schalk W. Burger]]{{br}}{{flagicon|South African Republic}} [[Piet Cronjé]]{{POW}}{{br}}{{flagicon|South African Republic}} [[Piet Joubert]]{{br}}{{flagicon|South African Republic}} [[Jan Smuts]]{{br}}{{flagicon|Orange Free State}} '''[[Martinus Theunis Steyn|Martinus Steyn]]'''{{br}}{{flagicon|Orange Free State}} [[Christiaan de Wet]]
| strength1 = '''British''':<br />347,000<br />'''Colonial''':<br />103,000–153,000<br />'''African auxiliaries''':<br />100,000<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/role-black-people-south-african-war|title=Role of Black people in the South African War|last=sahoboss|date=31 March 2011}}</ref>
| strength2 = '''Boer Commandos''':<br />25,000 <small>Transvaal Boers</small><br />15,000 <small>Free State Boers</small><br />6,000–7,000 <small>Cape Boers</small><ref name=Scholtz>{{cite book|last=Scholtz|first=Leopold|title=Why the Boers Lost the War |date=2005 |pages=2–5, 119|publisher=Palgrave-Macmillan |location=Basingstoke |isbn=978-1-4039-4880-9}}</ref><br />'''African auxiliaries''':<br />10,000<ref name="auto" /><br />'''Foreign volunteers''':<br />5,400+{{
| casualties1 = 22,092 dead{{efn|5,774 killed in battle; 2,108 died of wounds; 14,210 died of disease{{sfn|Eveleigh Nash|1914|p=309}} }}<br /> 75,430 returned home sick or wounded{{sfn|Wessels|2011|p=79}}<br />934 missing<br />'''Total: '''~99,284
| casualties2 = 6,189 dead{{efn|3,990 killed in battle; 157 died in accidents; 924 of wounds and disease; 1,118 while prisoners of war.{{sfn|Wessels|2011|p=79}}}}<br />24,000 captured <small>(sent overseas)</small>{{
| casualties3 = '''Civilian casualties''':<br />46,370 fatalities<br />26,370 Boer women and children died in concentration camps<br />20,000+ Africans of the 115,000 interned in separate concentration camps.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Second Boer War}}{{Scramble for Africa}}
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[[File:Bronkerspruit, c.1901. (22702453419).jpg|thumb|Native Africans interned in the Bronkerspruit camp]]
As Boer farms were destroyed by the British under their "[[Scorched Earth]]" policy—including the systematic destruction of crops and slaughtering of livestock, the burning down of homesteads and farms—to prevent the Boers from resupplying from a home base, many tens of thousands of women and children were forcibly moved into the concentration camps. This was not the first appearance of internment camps, as the Spanish had used internment in Cuba in the [[Ten Years' War]], and the Americans in the [[Philippine–American War]],
Eventually, there were a total of 45 tented camps built for Boer internees and 64 for black Africans. Of the 28,000 Boer men captured as [[prisoners of war]], 25,630 were sent overseas to [[prisoner-of-war camp]]s throughout the British Empire. The vast majority of Boers remaining in the local camps were women and children. Around 26,370 Boer women and children were to perish in these concentration camps.{{sfn|Wessels|2010|p=32}} Of the more than 120,000 Blacks (and [[Coloureds]]) imprisoned too, around 20,000 died.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1999-10-10|title=Black victims in a white man's war|url=http://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/1999/oct/10/focus.news|access-date=2021-09-01|website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name=black>{{Cite web|title=Black Concentration Camps during the Anglo–Boer War 2, 1900–1902 {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/black-concentration-camps-during-anglo-boer-war-2-1900-1902|access-date=2021-09-01|website=sahistory.org.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=To fully reconcile The Boer War is to fully understand the 'Black' Concentration Camps by Peter Dickens (The Observation Post), {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/fully-reconcile-boer-war-fully-understand-black-concentration-camps-peter-dickens|access-date=2021-09-01|website=sahistory.org.za}}</ref>
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{{Main|British war crimes#South Africa}}
The Boer War also saw the first war crimes prosecutions in British military history. They centered around the [[Bushveldt Carbineers]] (BVC), a [[British Army]] [[
1. The shooting of six surrendered [[Afrikaner people|Afrikaner]] men and boys and the theft of their money and livestock at [[Valdezia]] on 2 July 1901. The orders had been given by Captains [[Alfred Taylor (British Army officer)|Alfred Taylor]] and James Huntley Robertson, and relayed by Sgt. Maj. K.C.B. Morrison to Sgt. D.C. Oldham. The actual killing was alleged to have been carried out by Sgt. Oldham and BVC Troopers Eden, Arnold, Brown, Heath, and Dale.<ref>Leach (2012), pages 17–22, 99.</ref>
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