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====Language====
Modern Assyrian derives from ancient [[Aramaic]], part of the Northwest Semitic languages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Assyrians and Aramaic: Speaking the Oldest Living Language of the Middle East |url=http://www.aina.org/news/20191001180841.htm |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=www.aina.org |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418042312/http://www.aina.org/news/20191001180841.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Around 700 BC, Aramaic slowly replaced Akkadian in Assyria, Babylonia and the Levant. Widespread bilingualism among Assyrian nationals was already present before the fall of the Empire.<ref name="naei"/>
The [[Kültepe|Kültepe texts]], which were written in Old Assyrian, preserve some loanwords from the [[Hittite language]]. Those loanwords are the earliest attestation of any [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European language]], dated to the 20th century BC. Most of the archaeological evidence is typical of [[Anatolia]] rather than of Assyria, but using both cuneiform and the dialect is the best indication of Assyrian presence. Over 20,000 cuneiform tablets have been recovered from the site.<ref>E. Bilgic and S Bayram, Ankara Kultepe Tabletleri II, Turk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, 1995, {{ISBN|975-16-0246-7}}</ref><ref>K. R. Veenhof, Ankara Kultepe Tabletleri V, Turk Tarih Kurumu, 2010, {{ISBN|978-975-16-2235-8}}</ref>
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