Veiqia: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added
Missionaries, colonisation and decline: specify page numbers Milner ref
Missionaries, colonisation and decline: aggregate "communities ..." reference
Line 48:
== Missionaries, colonisation and decline ==
[[File:Nundua,_Fijian_widowed,_tattooed_with_veqia_and_qia_gusu.png|thumb|Nundua, Fijian widow, tattooed with veqia and qia gusu by Theodor Kleinschmidt]]
With the activities of missionaries and the introduction of Christianity, especially [[Methodism]], veiqia was strongly discouraged, with those bearing the designs reportedly victimised.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2021-10-05|title=My tattoos helped me feel closer to my Fijian heritage {{!}} SBS Voices|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/topics/voices/culture/article/2019/08/15/my-tattoos-helped-me-feel-closer-my-fijian-heritage|access-date=2021-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005205114/https://www.sbs.com.au/topics/voices/culture/article/2019/08/15/my-tattoos-helped-me-feel-closer-my-fijian-heritage|archive-date=2021-10-05}}</ref> Fijian women were encouraged to adopt "Christian dress", by missionaries who equated European clothing with ideas of dignity.<ref name=":10" /><sup>:318</sup> As a result the practice began to become less common from the 1850s onwards.<ref name=":112">{{Cite web |date=2021-10-05 |title=Communities engaging with digitised special collections - Library - University of Queensland |url=https://web.library.uq.edu.au/blog/2017/10/communities-engaging-digitised-special-collections |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005211420/https://web.library.uq.edu.au/blog/2017/10/communities-engaging-digitised-special-collections |archive-date=2021-10-05 |access-date=2021-10-05}}</ref> The Australian newspaper, ''[[The Evening News (Sydney)|Evening News]], reported'' in 1871 that five women were fined ten shillings for "tattooing a woman from the mountains".<ref>{{Cite news|date=1871-10-26|title=The Evening News|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article129967994|access-date=2021-10-06}}</ref> However by 1874 Fiji was part of the British Empire, and to some extent colonial administrators felt that the practice should be tolerated: citing that it was missionaries who often told Fijian women their tattoos were not allowed.<ref name=":11" /><sup>:108</sup>
 
British colonial administrator, [[Adolph Brewster]], published ''Hill Tribes of Fiji'' in 1922, in which he recalled how when he arrived in [[Rewa Province|Rewa]] and [[Bua Province|Mbua]] in 1870, middle-aged and older women were tattooed, but younger women were not.<ref name="PIM2">{{Cite journal |date=21 December 1937 |title=Men Who Knew Yesterday |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-314353541/view?partId=nla.obj-314377802#page/n60/mode/1up |journal=Pacific Islands Monthly |volume=VIII |issue=5}}</ref> Brewster described the small elliptical mouth tattoos as "rougeish", but he regarded the broader sweeps around the mouth as a "disfigurement".<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last=Brewster |first=Adolph Brewster |url=http://archive.org/details/hilltribesoffiji00brew |title=The hill tribes of Fiji; a record of forty years' intimate connection with the tribes of the mountainous interior of Fiji with a description of their habits in war & peace; methods of living, characteristics mental & physical, from the days of cannibalism to the present time |date=1922 |publisher=London Seeley, Service |others=Robarts - University of Toronto |pages=94, 206}}</ref>