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=== Contemporary era ===
[[File:WinnipegGeneralStrike.jpg|thumb|alt=Large group of people in the middle of a city street beside a large concrete building|Crowds gathering outside the old City Hall during the [[Winnipeg general strike]], June 21,
By 1911, [[Winnipeg]] was the third largest city in Canada, and remained so until overtaken by [[Vancouver]] in the 1920s.<ref>{{vcite book|author=Hayes, Derek|title=Historical Atlas of Canada|publisher=D&M Adult|year=2006|page=227|isbn=978-1-55365-077-5}}</ref> A boomtown, it grew quickly around the start of the 20th century, with outside investors and immigrants contributing to its success.<ref name="boomtown">{{vcite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP10CH3PA5LE.html|title=Winnipeg Boomtown|publisher=CBC|accessdate=28 October 2009|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104213708/http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP10CH3PA5LE.html|archivedate=4 November 2011}}</ref> The drop in growth in the second half of the decade was a result of the opening of the [[Panama Canal]] in 1914, which reduced reliance on [[Transcontinental railroad|transcontinental railways]] for trade, as well as a decrease in immigration due to the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]].<ref>{{vcite news|title=The heart of the continent?|author=Silicz, Michael|date=10 September 2008|work=The Manitoba|publisher=University of Manitoba|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/manitob34&div=29&id=&page=|via=HeinOnline}}</ref> Over 18,000 Manitoba residents enlisted in the first year of the war; by the end of the war, 14 Manitobans had received the [[Victoria Cross]].<ref>{{vcite book|author=Morton, William L|title=Manitoba, a History|publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=1957|pages=345–359}}</ref>
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During the First World War, [[Nellie McClung]] started the campaign for women's votes. On January 28, 1916, the vote for women was legalized. Manitoba was the first province to allow women to vote in provincial elections. This was two years before Canada as a country granted women the right to vote.<ref>{{vcite web|url=https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/commemoration/cent/index-en.html|title=100th Anniversary of Women's First Right to Vote in Canada|publisher=Status of Women Canada|accessdate=17 December 2019|archivedate=28 November 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128184144/https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/commemoration/cent/index-en.html}}</ref>
After the First World War ended, severe discontent among farmers (over wheat prices) and union members (over wage rates) resulted in an upsurge of [[Political radicalism|radicalism]], coupled with a polarization over the rise of [[Bolshevik|Bolshevism]] in [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russia]].<ref>{{vcite book|author=Conway, John Frederick|title=The West: The History of a Region in Confederation |publisher=Lorimer|year=2005|edition=3rd|pages=63–64, 85–100|isbn=978-1-55028-905-3}}</ref> The most dramatic result was the [[Winnipeg general strike]] of 1919. It began on 15 May and collapsed on June 25,
The [[Great Depression]] (1929–{{Circa|1939}}) hit especially hard in [[Western Canada]], including Manitoba. The collapse of the world market combined with a steep drop in agricultural production due to drought led to economic diversification, moving away from a reliance on wheat production.<ref name="easterbrook">{{vcite book|author=Easterbrook, William Thomas; Aitken, Hugh GJ|title=Canadian economic history|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|year=1988|pages=493–494|isbn=978-0-8020-6696-1}}</ref> The [[Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation]], forerunner to the [[New Democratic Party of Manitoba]] (NDP), was founded in 1932.<ref>{{vcite book|author=Wiseman, Nelson|title=Social democracy in Manitoba|publisher=University of Manitoba|year=1983|page=[https://archive.org/details/socialdemocracyi0000wise/page/13 13]|isbn=978-0-88755-118-5|url=https://archive.org/details/socialdemocracyi0000wise/page/13}}</ref>
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