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====Textual references====
The ''Mokshadharma'' chapter of [[Shanti Parva]] (Book of Peace) in the Mahabharata epic, composed between 400 BCE to 400 CE, explains Samkhya ideas along with other extant philosophies, and then lists numerous scholars in recognition of their philosophical contributions to various Indian traditions, and therein at least three Samkhya scholars can be recognized – [[Kapila]], [[Asuri (Samkhya)|Asuri]] and [[Panchashikha|Pancasikha]].{{sfn|Larson|Bhattacharya|Potter|2014|p=3-11}}<ref>Mircea Eliade et al. (2009), ''Yoga: Immortality and Freedom'', Princeton University Press, {{ISBN|978-0691142036}}, pages 392–393</ref> The 12th chapter of the Buddhist text ''Buddhacarita'' suggests Samkhya philosophical tools of reliable reasoning were well formed by about 5th century BCE.{{sfn|Larson|Bhattacharya|Potter|2014|p=3-11}} According to Rusza, "The ancient Buddhist [[Aśvaghoṣa]] (in his [[Buddhacarita|Buddha-Carita]]) describes [[Āḷāra Kālāma]], the teacher of the young Buddha (ca. 420 B.C.E.) as following an archaic form of Sāṅkhya."{{sfn|Ruzsa|2006}}
Samkhya and [[Yoga]] are mentioned together for first time in chapter 6.13 of the Shvetashvatra Upanishad,<ref name="Burley2"/> as ''samkhya-yoga-adhigamya'' (literally, "to be understood by proper reasoning and spiritual discipline").<ref>GJ Larson, RS Bhattacharya and K Potter (2014), ''The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies'', Volume 4, Princeton University Press, {{ISBN|978-0691604411}}, pages 6–7</ref> [[Bhagavad Gita]] identifies Samkhya with understanding or knowledge.<ref>{{harvnb|Fowler|2012|page=34}}</ref> The three gunas are also mentioned in the Gita, though they are not used in the same sense as in classical Samkhya.<ref>{{harvnb|Fowler|2012|page=37}}</ref> The Gita integrates Samkhya thought with the devotion ([[bhakti]]) of theistic schools and the impersonal [[Brahman]] of [[Vedanta]].<ref name="King1">{{harvnb|King|1999|page=63}}</ref>
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