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The Sri Lankan Tamils are mostly [[Hindus]] with a significant [[Christian]] population. [[Sri Lankan Tamil literature]] on topics including religion and the sciences flourished during the medieval period in the court of the Jaffna Kingdom. Since the beginning of the [[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]] in the 1980s, it is distinguished by an emphasis on themes relating to the conflict. [[Sri Lankan Tamil dialects]] are noted for their [[archaism]] and retention of words not in everyday use in Southern India. The cultures of the Sri Lankan Tamils are also very distinctive and unique, even though the cultural influence of modern South India has grown and become prevalent since the 19th century.<ref name=":2" />
Since Sri Lanka gained [[Sri Lankan independence movement|independence]] from [[British Ceylon|Britain]] in 1948, relations between the majority Sinhalese and minority Tamil communities have been strained. Rising ethnic and political tensions following the [[Sinhala Only Act]], along with [[Riots in Sri Lanka|ethnic pogroms]] carried out by Sinhalese mobs in [[Gal Oya riots|1956]], [[1958 riots in Ceylon|1958]], [[1977 riots in Sri Lanka|1977]], [[Burning of Jaffna library|1981]] and [[Black July|1983]], led to the formation and strengthening of [[Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups|militant groups]] advocating [[Tamil Eelam|independence for Tamils]]. The ensuing [[Sri Lankan civil war|civil war]] resulted in
One-third of Sri Lankan Tamils now live outside Sri Lanka. While there was significant migration during the [[British Empire|British colonial]] era to Singapore and Malaysia, the civil war led to more than 800,000 Tamils leaving Sri Lanka, and many have [[Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora|left the country]] for destinations such as Canada, United Kingdom, Germany and India as refugees or emigrants. According to the pro-rebel [[TamilNet]], the [[Sexual violence against Tamils in Sri Lanka|persecution]] and [[Policy of standardisation|discrimination]] that Sri Lankan Tamils faced has resulted in some Tamils today not identifying themselves as Sri Lankans but instead identifying themselves as either [[Eelam]] Tamils, Ceylon Tamils, or simply Tamils.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamilculture.com/why-im-not-sri-lankan|title = Why I'm Not 'Sri Lankan'}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=79&artid=38093|title=TamilNet}}</ref> Many still support the idea of [[Tamil Eelam]], a proposed [[independent state]] that Sri Lankan Tamils [[Vaddukoddai Resolution|aspired to create]] in the [[North Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|North-East]] of Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-02 |title=Vaddukoddai Resolution: More Relevant Now Than Ever Before |url=https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/vaddukoddai-resolution-more-relevant-now-than-ever-before/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Colombo Telegraph |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/General%20Election%201977.PDF | title=Parliamentary Election - 1977 | publisher=Department of Elections Sri Lanka | access-date=March 14, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717002624/http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/General%20Election%201977.PDF | archive-date=17 July 2011 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wijemanne |first=Adrian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EiToLETF5UC&pg=PA32 |title=War and Peace in Post-colonial Ceylon, 1948-1991 |date=1996 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0364-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>International Crisis Group - The Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora after the LTTE, p13-14 https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/113104/186_the_sri_lankan_tamil_diaspora.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tamil National Alliance -A Sinking Ship|date=3 September 2018|url=https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/tamil-national-alliance-a-sinking-ship/}}</ref> Inspired by the [[Flag of tamil eelam|Tamil Eelam flag]], the [[tiger]] also used by the [[LTTE]], has become a symbol of [[Tamil nationalism#Sri Lanka|Tamil nationalism]] for some Tamils in Sri Lanka and the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/eelam-tamil-flag-hoisted-valvettithurai|title = Eelam Tamil flag hoisted in Valvettithurai | Tamil Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/tamils-across-london-hoist-tamil-eelam-flags-build-maaveerar-naal|title = Tamils across London hoist Tamil Eelam flags in build-up to Maaveerar Naal | Tamil Guardian}}</ref>
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