Galba truncatula: Difference between revisions

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| image_caption = Scale bar in mm
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="IUCN 2012"iucnredlist>Madhyastha{{cite iucn|author1=Seddon, AM.B.|author2=Kebapçı, (2010)U.|author3=Van [http://wwwDamme, D.iucnredlist.org/details/155730/0 |year=2015|title=''Galba truncatula'']|page=e. In: IUCN 2012T155730A85693575|doi=10. 2305/IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012UK.12015. <wwwRLTS.iucnredlist.org>T155730A85693575.en|access-date=12 DownloadedNovember on 16 September 2012.2024}}</ref>
| genus = Galba (gastropod)
| species = truncatula
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== Distribution ==
[[File:Galba truncatula shell.png|left|thumb|upright=0.7|Apertural view of a shell of ''Galba truncatula''.]]''Galba truncatula'' is believed to be native to [[Europe]], but it has been introduced in other parts of world.<ref name="pmid16150452">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mas-Coma S, Bargues MD, Valero MA |title=Fascioliasis and other plant-borne trematode zoonoses |journal=Int. J. Parasitol. |volume=35 |issue=11–12 |pages=1255–78 |date=October 2005 |pmid=16150452 |doi=10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.07.010 }}</ref> Currently, ''Galba truncatula'' is commonly distributed in all European countries, including most Mediterranean islands such as [[Corsica]], [[Malta]], the [[Azores]], [[Madeira]], the [[Faroe Islands]], the [[Balearic Islands]], and the [[Canary Islands]].<ref name="IUCN 2012"iucnredlist/> Despite the fact that ''Galba truncatula'' has spread worldwide, exact distribution maps of the species are not available. In addition, most reports are based on morphological determination of the snail. Molecular evidences on the presence of ''Galba truncatula'' from non-European areas are limited. ''Galba truncatula'' has also been found in [[North America|North]] and [[South America]], several parts of [[Africa]], and [[Asia]].<ref name="pmid16150452"/>
 
In South America, the presence of ''Galba truncatula'' has already been molecularly verified in [[Bolivia]], [[Peru]], [[Argentina]], [[Chile]] and [[Venezuela]].<ref name="Bargues 2012"/> In Africa, ''Galba truncatula'' is present mainly in Northern parts (i.e. [[Morocco]],<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Khallaayoune K, Stromberg BE, Dakkak A, Malone JB |title=Seasonal dynamics of Fasciola hepatica burdens in grazing Timahdit sheep in Morocco |journal=Int. J. Parasitol. |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=307–14 |date=June 1991 |pmid=1894428 |doi= 10.1016/0020-7519(91)90032-3}}</ref> [[Algeria]],<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mekroud A, Benakhla A, Vignoles P, Rondelaud D, Dreyfuss G |title=Preliminary studies on the prevalences of natural fasciolosis in cattle, sheep, and the host snail (Galba truncatula) in north-eastern Algeria |journal=Parasitol. Res. |volume=92 |issue=6 |pages=502–5 |date=April 2004 |pmid=14999466 |doi=10.1007/s00436-004-1072-1 |s2cid=7264647 }}</ref> [[Tunis]],<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hammami H, Ayadi A |title=[Natural infestation of Lymnaea truncatula Muller by Fasciola hepatica in the Tozeur oasis in southwest Tunisia] |journal=Med Trop (Mars) |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=159–62 |year=2000 |pmid=11100443 |language=fr}}</ref> [[Egypt]]<ref name="pmid12541059">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dar Y, Rondelaud D, Dreyfuss G |title=Cercarial shedding from Galba truncatula infected with Fasciola gigantica of distinct geographic origins |journal=Parasitol. Res. |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=185–7 |date=February 2003 |pmid=12541059 |doi=10.1007/s00436-002-0732-2 |s2cid=1091140 }}</ref>) but also in [[South Africa]],<ref name="pmid15038424">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Kock KN, Wolmarans CT, Bornman M |title=Distribution and habitats of the snail Lymnaea truncatula, intermediate host of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, in South Africa |journal=J S Afr Vet Assoc |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=117–22 |date=December 2003 |pmid=15038424 |doi= 10.4102/jsava.v74i4.523|doi-access=free }}</ref> Ethiopia,<ref name="pmid719517">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goll PH, Scott JM |title=The interrelationship of Lymnaea truncatula and ovine fascioliasis in the Ethiopian Central Highlands |journal=Br. Vet. J. |volume=134 |issue=6 |pages=551–5 |year=1978 |pmid=719517 |doi= 10.1016/S0007-1935(17)33336-5}}</ref> [[Kenya]], and [[Tanzania]].<ref name="pmid18205983">{{cite journal |vauthors=Walker SM, Makundi AE, Namuba FV, etal |title=The distribution of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica within southern Tanzania--constraints associated with the intermediate host |journal=Parasitology |volume=135 |issue=4 |pages=495–503 |date=April 2008 |pmid=18205983 |doi=10.1017/S0031182007004076 |s2cid=26106652 }}</ref>
 
In Asia, the snail occurs in [[Russia]]<ref name="pmid16150452"/> but other Asian countries were reported very rarely. ''Galba truncatula'' was found in [[List of non-marine molluscs of Iran|Iran]],<ref name="Glöer 2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Glöer P, Pešić V | year = 2012 | title = The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species | journal = [[ZooKeys]] | issue = 219 | pages = 11–61 | doi = 10.3897/zookeys.219.3406 | pmid = 22977349 | pmc = 3433696 | doi-access = free }}</ref> [[Pakistan]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Kendall SB |title=Advances in Parasitology Volume 3 |chapter=Relationships between the species of ''Fasciola'' and their molluscan hosts |journal=Adv. Parasitol. |volume=3 |pages=59–98 |year=1965 |pmid=5334822 |doi= 10.1016/s0065-308x(08)60363-2|isbn=9780120317035|editor=Dawes B}}</ref> and in [[Kashmir]], a region disputed by India and Pakistan.<ref name="IUCNiucnredlist/><ref>{{cite 2012"book|page=133|title=Handbook: Freshwater Molluscs of India|last=Rao|first=N.V. Subba|publisher=Zoological Survey of India|location=Calcutta|year=1989|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.zoological.hpg.005/page/n189/mode/2up|access-date=11 November 2024|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
 
==Description==