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==== Gender gap for boys in developed countries ====
While women and girls comprise the majority of the global illiterate population, in many [[developed countries]], a literacy-[[gender gap]] exists in the opposite direction. Data from the [[Programme for International Student Assessment]] has consistently shown the literacy underachievement of boys within member countries of the OECD ([[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]]).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Watson |first1=Anne |last2=Kehler |first2=Michael |last3=Martino |first3=Wayne |date=1 February 2010 |title=The Problem of Boys' Literacy Underachievement: Raising Some Questions |journal=Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=356–361 |doi=10.1598/JAAL.53.5.1 |issn=1936-2706 |s2cid=35301500}}</ref> In view of such findings, many education specialists have recommended changing classroom practices to better accommodate boys' learning styles and removing any gender stereotypes that may create the perception that reading and writing are feminine activities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Senn |first=Nicole |date=1 November 2012 |title=Effective Approaches to Motivate and Engage Reluctant Boys in Literacy |journal=The Reading Teacher |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages=211–220 |doi=10.1002/TRTR.01107 |issn=1936-2714}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Manitoba Education |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ZHAAAAACAAJ |title=Me Read? No Way!: A Practical Guide to Improving Boys' Literacy Skills |date=January 2006 |publisher=Government of Manitoba |isbn=978-0-771-13506-4}}</ref>
=== Socioeconomic impact ===
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