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Line 209: The people of the region are known as the [[Hadharem]] belong generally to the semitic south Arabians who claim descent from [[Qahtanite\|Yarub bin Qahtan]]. There is, however, a large number of [[Sayyid\|Sada]] ({{Langx\|ayh\|سادة\|Sadah}}; <small>Singular</small>: ''Sayyid''), or descendant of the [[Muhammad\|Islamic Prophet Muhammad]], and of townsmen of northern origin, besides a considerable class of African or mixed descent. The Sayyids, descendants of [[Husayn ibn Ali\|Husain]], grandson of the Islamic Prophet, Form a numerous and highly respected [[Aristocracy (class)\|aristocracy]]. They are divided into families, tho chiefs of which are known as ''Munsibs'', who are looked on as the religious leaders of the people and are even in some cases are regarded with great respect as saints. Among the leading families are that of ''Sheikh Abu Bakar'' ({{Langx\|ayh\|الشيخ ابو بكر}}) of [[ʽAynat]], the ''al-Aidarus'' ({{Langx\|ayh\|العيدروس}}) of [[Shihr]], and the ''Sakkaf'' ({{Langx\|ayh\|سقاف}}) of [[Seiyun\|Seyun]]. They do not bear arms, nor occupy themselves in trade nor manual labour nor even agriculture; though owning a large proportion of the land, they employ labourers to cultivate it. As compared with the other classes they are well educated and are strict tn their observance of religious duties, and owing to the respect due to their descent they exercise a strong influence both in temporal and spiritual affairs.<ref name="GazetteerPD">{{Source-attribution\|{{Cite book \|last=India Office \|url=https://archive.org/details/20201031_20201031_1145/page/727/mode/2up \|title=Gazetteer of Arabia Vol. I (Qatar Digital Library) \|date=1917 \|pages=727-729}}\|pl=n\|inline=y}}</ref> The tribesmen, as in the rest of Arabia, are ~~The~~the predominant class in the population. All the adults carry arms. Some of the tribes have settled towns and villages, others live a [[bedouin]] life keeping however within the territory which is recognised as belonging to the tribe. They are divided into sections or families, each headed by a chief whilst the head of the tribe is called the ''muqaddam'' or ''sultan''. He is the leader in peace and in war, but the tribesmen are not his subjects; he can only rule with their support.<ref name="GazetteerPD"/> Historically, the most powerful tribes in Hadhramaut was the ''Qu’aiti'', a branch of the ''[[Yafa'a]]'' tribe. Originally invited by the Sada to protect the settled districts against the marauding tribes, they established themselves as rulers of the of the country, and possesed the coastal districts with the towns of Mukalla and Shihr as well as Shibam in the interior. The family had accumulated great wealth and was in the service of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] in India as commander of the Arab levy composed of his tribesmen.<ref name="GazetteerPD"/> the townsmen are the free inhabitants of the towns and villages as distinguished from the Sada and the tribesmen; they do not carry arms, but are the working members of the community, merchants, [[Armed-forces artificer\|artificers]], cultivators, and servants and are entirely dependent on the tribes and chiefs under whose protection they live. The servile class contains a large African element, brought over formerly when the slave trade nourished on this coast; as all Islamic countries they are well treated, and often rise to positions of trust.<ref name="GazetteerPD"/> === Hadhrami diaspora ===

Hadhramaut: Difference between revisions