Joseph Goldberger: Difference between revisions

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Legacy: Added Cavalcade of America episode about Dr. Goldberger's research on pellagra.
references don't support the statement, they contradict it
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In 1914, Goldberger was asked by [[Surgeon General of the United States|US Surgeon General]] [[Rupert Blue]] to investigate [[pellagra]], then an [[endemic (epidemiology)|endemic]] disease in the [[Southern United States|Southern US]].<ref name=PHS_bio>{{cite web | title=Dr. Joseph Goldberger and the War on Pellagra | work=NIH Archives | url=http://history.nih.gov/exhibits/goldberger/index.html | accessdate=2007-01-23}}</ref> Goldberger's theory that pellagra was associated with [[diet (nutrition)|diet]] contradicted the commonly held medical opinion that pellagra was an [[infectious disease]].<ref name=Bollet_1992>{{cite journal |author=Bollet A |title=Politics and pellagra: the epidemic of pellagra in the U.S. in the early twentieth century |journal=Yale J Biol Med |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=211–21 |year= 1992|pmid=1285449 |pmc=2589605}}</ref> After multiple restricted-diet experiments on prisoners over several years, Goldberger was able to demonstrate that individuals who consumed heavily [[maize|corn]]-based diets (to the virtual exclusion of other foods) were at a greatly increased risk of contracting pellagra.<ref name=Parsons_1943 /><ref name=PHS_bio /><ref name=Goldberger_1915>{{cite journal | author = Goldberger J, Wheeler GA | title = Experimental pellagra in the human subject brought about by a restricted diet | journal = Public Health Reports | year = 1915 | volume = 30 | pages = 3336 }}</ref>
 
Despite his careful experiments, Goldberger's discovery proved socially and politically unacceptable, and he made little progress in gaining support for the treating of pellagra.<ref name=Parsons_1943 /> With further research, however, in 1926 Goldberger was able to prove that a [[Vitamin B]] deficiency was the cause of pellagra.<ref>http://www.toptenz.net/top-10-researchers-who-experimented-on-themselves.php</ref> [[Conrad Elvehjem]] discovered the specific mechanism—that pellagra is caused by a dietary lack of the B vitamin [[niacin]] along with reduced levels of the [[essential amino acid]] [[tryptophan]]&mdash;in 1937.<ref name=Elvehjem_1937>{{cite journal | author = Koehn CJ, Elvehjem CA | title = Further studies on the concentration of the antipellagra factor | journal = J Biol Chem | date=1 May 1937| volume = 118 | issue = 3 | pages = 693–699 | url= http://www.jbc.org/cgi/reprint/118/3/693 }}</ref>
 
Joseph Goldberger died on January 19, 1929 from [[renal cell carcinoma]].<ref name=PHS_bio />