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Lguipontes (talk | contribs) →Brazil: There's nothing wrong with saying that Portuguese is closer to French than Spanish would be due to linguistic attriction, and that some dialects have even more French influence due to immigration for this article. |
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====Brazil====
====Brazil====
The [[Karipuna]] indigenous community (nearly 30,000 people) of [[Amapá]] in [[North Region, Brazil|Northern Brazil]] speak a French creole, the [[Lanc-Patuá]], possibly related to the [[French Guiana Creole]].▼
The [[Portuguese language]] is heavily influenced by more than a millennium of perennial contact with several dialects of both Oïl (chiefly French after France became the major European power) and Occitan (chiefly Provençal around the [[troubadour]] apex in the Middle Ages, see [[Galician-Portuguese lyric]]), in lexicon (up to 15–20% in some estimates, at least 5000 word roots), phonology (chiefly among the [[European Portuguese|European]] and more Europeanized Brazilian dialects) and orthography.<ref>{{pt}} [http://oglobo.globo.com/boa-viagem/exposicao-no-museu-da-lingua-portuguesa-mostra-influencia-do-frances-na-nossa-lingua-3125512 Exhibition at the Museum of the Portuguese Language shows the French influence in our language]</ref><ref>{{pt}} [http://ressources-cla.univ-fcomte.fr/gerflint/Bresil_special2/couto.pdf Contacts between French and Portuguese or the first's influences on the second]</ref><ref>{{pt}} [http://www.filologia.org.br/revista/40/A%20INFLU%C3%8ANCIA%20DOS%20ESTRANGEIRISMOS.pdf The influence of loanwords in the Portuguese language: a process of globalization, ideology and communication]</ref> After greater and continual Portuguese immigration, and Tupi influence,<ref>{{pt}} [http://www.coracoralina.ueg.br/visao_academica/revista/2010_novembro/rev10_2010_dialetos.pdf Dialects of Brazil: the palatalization of the phonemes /t/ and /d/]</ref> the status of French as a language of culture in the Western world for centuries and the presence of [[Swiss Brazilian|Swiss immigrants]] (sixth largest European group to Brazil) for a considerable span of time is popularly regarded to be the main source of difference between the group of dialects spoken in [[Florianopolitan dialect|Florianópolis]], [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]], [[Espírito Santo]] and surrounding regions, and those elsewhere in Brazil (it was also more indirectly influenced by French due to the larger Portuguese influence there and the stronger Francophile feel in the Portuguese culture—Portuguese and French influence are often confused).<ref>{{pt}} [http://br.answers.yahoo.com/question/index;_ylt=AtDxIoJRhBOdPg7GU1edDHvx6gt.;_ylv=3?qid=20120925072307AAVVWMF What is the territorial formation of the state of Rio de Janeiro – Yahoo! Answers]</ref><ref>{{pt}} [http://br.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120131150414AAe5dGl Portugal's Portuguese got an apparent French influence due to Napoleon's invasion of Portugal? – Yahoo! Answers]</ref><ref>{{pt}} [http://br.answers.yahoo.com/question/index;_ylt=AhrNi30IM7IkEB0H2TZs0Ovx6gt.;_ylv=3?qid=20080225103023AARNtKC What is the French influence on our Portuguese language? – Yahoo! Answers]</ref> The learning of French is historically the most important and has always been strong among the Lusophone high societies, and for a great span of time it was also a foreign language strong among the [middle class] general populaces of both Portugal and Brazil, only surpassed in the [[globalization|globalised]] [[postmodernity]] by English, in both, and more recently by [[Spanish language|Spanish]], in the latter.<ref>{{pt}} [http://www.gel.org.br/estudoslinguisticos/volumes/37/EL_V37N2_01.pdf The importance of the French language in Brazil: marks and milestones in the early periods of teaching]</ref><ref>{{pt}} [http://w3.ufsm.br/revistaletras/artigos_r39/artigo39_001.pdf Presence of the French language and literature in Brazil – for a history of Franco-Brazilian bonds of cultural affection]</ref><ref>{{pt}} [http://revistaescola.abril.com.br/historia/fundamentos/quais-influencias-pensamento-frances-ainda-podem-ser-vistas-brasil-471230.shtml What are the French thinking influences still present in Brazil?]</ref><ref>{{pt}} [http://www.cedep.ifch.ufrgs.br/oanodafrancanobrasilaimportanciadadiplomaciacultural.pdf France in Brazil Year – the importance of cultural diplomacy]</ref>
The French language was also briefly spoken in Brazil during the colonial attempts of [[France Antarctique]] and ''[[Equinoctial France|France équinoxiale]]'' at the 16th and 17th centuries respectively (the expulsing of early French colonists by the Portuguese culminated on the founding of the cities of [[Rio de Janeiro]] and [[São Luís]] respectively). Also, as mentioned above, the language was used by several communities of immigrants and expatriates in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, chiefly Swiss, but also some [[French Brazilian|French]] and [[Belgian Brazilian|Belgians]].
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===Africa===
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