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Line 29: Organisms can compete indirectly, either via [[Competition (biology)#By mechanism\|exploitative or apparent competition]]. Exploitative competition involves individuals depleting a shared resource and both suffering a loss in [[Fitness (biology)\|fitness]] as a result. The organisms may not actually come into contact and only interact via the shared resource indirectly. For instance, exploitative competition has been shown experimentally between juvenile [[wolf spider]]s (''Schizocosa ocreata''). Both increasing the density of young spiders and reducing the available food supply lowered the growth of individual spiders. Food is clearly a limiting resource for the wolf spiders but there was no direct competition between juveniles for food, just a reduction in fitness due to the increased [[population density]].<ref name=Wise1992>{{cite journal\|last=Wise\|first=David\|author2=Wagner\|title=Evidence of exploitative competition among young stages of the wolf spider ''Schizocosa ocreata''\|journal=Oecologia\|date=August 1992\|volume=91\|issue=1\|pages=7–7–13\|doi=10.1007/BF00317234\|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00317234}}</ref> The negative density dependence in young wolf spiders is evident: as the population density increases further, growth rates continues to fall and could potentially reach zero (as predicted by the [[Logistic function#In ecology: modeling population growth\|logistic growth model]]). This is also seen in [[Viviparous lizard]], or ''Lacerta vivipara'', where the existence of color morphs within a population depends on the density and intraspecific competition. ~~And it needs to do sex each 2 hours~~ 13\|doi=10.1007/BF00317234\|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00317234}}</ref> The negative density dependence in young wolf spiders is evident: as the population density increases further, growth rates continues to fall and could potentially reach zero (as predicted by the [[Logistic function#In ecology: modeling population growth\|logistic growth model]]). This is also seen in [[Viviparous lizard]], or ''Lacerta vivipara'', where the existence of color morphs within a population depends on the density and intraspecific competition. In stationary organisms, such as plants, exploitative competition plays a much larger role than interference competition because individuals are rooted to a specific area and utilise resources in their immediate surroundings. Saplings will compete for light, most of which will be blocked and utilised by taller trees.<ref name=Connell1990>{{cite book\|last=Connell\|first=Joseph\|title=Perspectives on Plant Competition\|year=1990\|publisher=The Blackburn Press\|isbn=1930665857\|pages=9–23\|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=RYpbyHVuzh4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA9&dq=exploitative+competition+plants+intraspecific&ots=XOratt1D5w&sig=MG94v9XSZNafxYkMMPBbQsnnRTc#v=onepage&q=exploitative%20competition%20plants%20intraspecific&f=false}}</ref> The saplings can be easily out-competed by larger members of their own species, which is one of the reasons why seed dispersal distances can be so large. Seeds that germinate in close proximity to the parents are very likely to be out-competed and die.

Intraspecific competition: Difference between revisions