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'''INS ''Dakar''''' ({{lang-he-n|אח"י דקר}}) was a [[Diesel–electric transmission|diesel–electric]] [[submarine]] in the [[Israeli Navy]]. The vessel, a modified [[World War II]] [[British T-class submarine]], had previously been {{HMS|Totem|P352|6}} of the [[Royal Navy]]. She was purchased by [[Israel]] from the [[Government of the United Kingdom]] in 1965 as part of a three T-class submarine deal.
''Dakar'' and her entire 69-man crew were lost en route to
The exact cause of ''Dakar''{{'}}s sinking remains unknown. It was one of four submarine disappearances in 1968; the others were those of the {{ship|French submarine|Minerve|S647|6}}, the {{ship|Soviet submarine|K-129|1960|6}}, and the U.S. submarine {{USS|Scorpion|SSN-589|6}}.
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At 06:10 on 24 January 1968 ''Dakar'' transmitted her position, 34.16°N 26.26°E, just east of [[Crete]]. Over the next 18 hours she sent three control transmissions which did not include her position. Her final broadcast was at 00:02 25 January, after which no further transmissions were received.
On 26 January the British [[Admiralty]] reported the submarine was missing and gave the last known position as {{convert|100|mi|km}} west of Cyprus. An international [[search and rescue]] operation began, including units from Israel, the United States
On 27 January, a radio station in [[Nicosia]], Cyprus, received a distress call on the frequency of ''Dakar''{{'}}s emergency buoy, apparently from south-east of Cyprus, but no further traces of the submarine were found. On 31 January, all non-Israeli forces
Israel denied that ''Dakar'' sank as the result of hostile action. It stated that ''Dakar'' was involved in [[Crash dive|crash diving]] exercises on its return voyage and was probably lost as a result of a mechanical failure. On 25 April 1968, Vice Admiral [[Avraham Botzer]], commander of the [[Israeli Navy]], stated that ''Dakar'' sank on 24 January 1968, two days before being reported missing, due to "technical or human malfunctioning" and not "foul play".
==Searches and discovery==
[[File:HN-Dakar-buoy-2.jpg|right|thumb|''Dakar''{{'}}s emergency buoy in the [[Clandestine Immigration and Naval Museum]] in Haifa.]]
[[File:HN-INS-Dakar-2.jpg|right|thumb|The salvaged [[conning tower]] from ''Dakar'' outside Haifa's Naval Museum.]]
On 9 February 1969, more than a year after ''Dakar'' went missing, a fisherman found her stern [[Rescue buoy (submarine)|emergency buoy]] marker washed up on the coast of [[Khan Yunis]], a town southwest of [[Gaza City|Gaza]]. British T-class submarines had two such buoy markers, bow and stern, secured behind wooden doors in cages under the deck and attached to the submarine with metal cables {{convert|200|m|ft|sp=us}} long.
▲On 9 February 1969, more than a year after ''Dakar'' went missing, a fisherman found her stern [[Rescue buoy (submarine)|emergency buoy]] marker washed up on the coast of [[Khan Yunis]], a town southwest of [[Gaza City|Gaza]]. British T-class submarines had two such buoy markers, bow and stern, secured behind wooden doors in cages under the deck and attached to the submarine with metal cables {{convert|200|m|ft|sp=us}} long. The buoy bore the name of the submarine and was intact, except for its antenna..
The experts who examined the {{convert|65|cm|in|abbr=on|0}} of cable still attached to the buoy made several inaccurate determinations. These conclusions - that the buoy had remained attached to the submarine for most of the preceding year until the cable broke completely, that ''Dakar'' rested in depth between {{convert|150|and|326|m|ft|sp=us|0}}, and that it was {{convert|50|-|70|nmi|km|abbr=on}} off her planned route - misled searchers for decades. It was not until April 1999, after some 25 failed expeditions, that a search effort was concentrated along the original route.
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The Israeli government stated there was no evidence to substantiate the Egyptian unofficial charges.
During the 1980s the Israelis, using a salvage vessel with Egyptian liaison officers, conducted three searches for ''Dakar'' in waters north of Sinai and another search off the Greek island of [[Rhodes]]. In August 1986, the U.S. Navy committed a [[P-3 Orion]] and a [[S-3 Viking]] to search Egyptian waters near [[al-Arish]]. In October 1998, Israel began running advertisements in newspapers in Turkey, Egypt, France, Greece, and Russia, offering rewards of up to $300,000 for any information on the fate of ''Dakar''.
▲During the 1980s the Israelis, using a salvage vessel with Egyptian liaison officers, conducted three searches for ''Dakar'' in waters north of Sinai and another search off the Greek island of [[Rhodes]]. In August 1986, the U.S. Navy committed a [[P-3 Orion]] and a [[S-3 Viking]] to search Egyptian waters near [[al-Arish]]. In October 1998, Israel began running advertisements in newspapers in Turkey, Egypt, France, Greece, and Russia, offering rewards of up to $300,000 for any information on the fate of ''Dakar''.
On 24 May 1999 a joint U.S.–Israeli search team using information received from U.S. intelligence sources and led by Thomas Kent Dettweiler, a subcontractor from American Nauticos Corporation, detected a large body on the seabed between [[Crete]] and Cyprus, at a depth of some {{convert|3,000|m|ft|sp=us|0}}. On 28 May the first video pictures were taken by the remote operated vehicle ''Remora II'', making it clear that ''Dakar'' had been found. She rests on her keel, bow to the northwest. Her conning tower was snapped off and fallen over the side. The stern of the submarine, with the propellers and dive planes, broke off aft of the engine room and rests beside the main hull.
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