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There are questions about the long-term effectiveness of interventions for those addicted to drugs or alcohol. A study examining addicts who had undergone a standard intervention (called the Johnson Intervention) found that they had a higher relapse rate than any other method of referral to outpatient Alcohol and Other Drug treatment.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Johnson intervention and relapse during outpatient treatment|journal=American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse|volume=22|number=3}date=1996-08|page=36|doi=10.3109/00952999609001665|year = 1996|last1 = Loneck|first1 = Barry|last2=Garrett|first2=James A.|last3=Banks|first3=Steven M.}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=September 2018}} "The Johnson Institute intervention entails five therapy sessions that prepare the client and his or her family members for a family confrontation meeting."<ref name="TheCRAMNIAAA">{{cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=William R. |last2=Meyers |first2=Robert J. |last3=Hiller-Sturmhöfel |first3=Susanne |year=1999 |title=The Community-Reinforcement Approach |url=http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh23-2/116-121.pdf |format=pdf |journal=Alcohol Research and Health |publication-date=1999 |volume=23 |issue=2 }}p. 119</ref>{{primary source inline|date=September 2018}}
One study compared [[Community Reinforcement Approach and Family Training]] (CRAFT), Al-Anon facilitation therapy designed to encourage involvement in the 12-step program, and a [[Johnson intervention]] and found that all of these approaches were associated with similar improvements in concerned significant other functioning and improvements in their relationship quality with the addict. However, the CRAFT approach was more effective in engaging initially unmotivated problem drinkers in treatment (64%) as compared with the Al-Anon (13%) and Johnson interventions (30%).<ref>{{cite journal | last=Miller | first=William R. | last2=Meyers | first2=Robert J. | last3=Tonigan | first3=J. Scott | title=Engaging the unmotivated in treatment for alcohol problems: A comparison of three strategies for intervention through family members. | journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology | volume=67 | issue=5 | year=1999 | pages=688–697 | doi=10.1037/0022-006x.67.5.688 | pmid=10535235 }}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=September 2018}}
==Civil liberty and forcible intervention==
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