STS-132: Difference between revisions

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Crew: Please, please, please, people, write in the active voice. (Published material should never be in the passive voice!)
date format audit, minor formatting
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{{Use dmy dates|date=NovemberJune 20122020}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = STS-132
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| launch_site = [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]] [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39|LC-39A]]
| launch_date = {{start-date|df=yes|14 May 2010, 18:20|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC<ref name="sched">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/missions/highlights/schedule.html|title=NASA's Shuttle and Rocket Missions |accessdate=18 February 2010|publisher=[[NASA]]|date=16 February 2010|author=NASA}}</ref>
 
| landing_date = {{end-date|df=yes|26 May 2010, 12:49:18|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC
| landing_site = [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]] [[Shuttle Landing Facility|SLF Runway&nbsp;33]]
 
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| orbit_reference = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_regime = [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]]
| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|208|mi|km|order=flip}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heavens-above.com/orbit.aspx?satid=36572&lat=0&lng=0&loc=Unspecified&alt=0&tz=UTC|title=STS-132 Orbit Data|author=Chris Peat|publisher=Heavens-Above GmbH|access-date=9 August 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608201422/http://www.heavens-above.com/orbit.aspx?satid=36572&lat=0&lng=0&loc=Unspecified&alt=0&tz=UTC|archive-date=8 June 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|223|mi|km|order=flip}}
| orbit_period = 91 minutes
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===Integrated Cargo Carrier-Vertical Light Deployable (ICC-VLD2)===
[[File:STS132 ICC-VLD Lauch Return Configuration.PNG|right|thumb|275px|ICC-VLD2 launch and return configurations]]
Also on board ''Atlantis'' was the [[Integrated Cargo Carrier]]-Vertical Light Deployable (ICC-VLD2) pallet, holding a [[Ku-band|K<sub>u</sub>-band]] Space to Ground Antenna (SGANT), the SGANT boom assembly, an Enhanced Orbital replacement Unit (ORU) Temporary Platform (EOTP) for the Canadian [[Dextre]] robotic arm extension, Video and Power Grapple fixtures (PVGF) and six new battery ORUs. The six new batteries replaced older ones on the [[Integrated Truss Structure#P6, S6 trusses|P6 truss]] of the ISS. The old batteries were placed on the ICC-VLD pallet for return to Earth. The EOTP was built by [[MacDonald Dettwiler|MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates]] Ltd. (MDA) of Brampton, Ontario, Canada, for [[NASA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/missions/sts-132/default.asp|title=Find out in 5: How's Canada involved in the Space Shuttle Atlantis's final flight?|publisher=Canadian Space Agency|date=5 May 2010|access-date=14 May 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616015856/http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/missions/sts-132/default.asp|archive-date=16 June 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
The ICC pallet is constructed of aluminum. It is approximately {{convert|8|ft|m}} long, {{convert|13|ft|m}} wide and 10&nbsp;inches thick. The empty weight of the pallet is 2,645 pounds. The total weight of ICC–VLD and the ORUs is approximately 8,330 pounds. ICC-VLD return mass is {{convert|2933|kg}}.
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* 19th post-''[[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|Columbia]]'' mission
 
NASA arranged a [[NASA Tweetup|Tweetup]] to cover the launch of the STS-132 mission. 150 people attended the event from more than 30 US states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Belgium, the Netherlands, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The Tweetup participants met with shuttle technicians, managers, engineers and astronauts, took a tour of the Kennedy Space Center and viewed the launch of ''Atlantis''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cio.gsfc.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/apr/HQ_M10-067_KSC_Tweetup.html|title=NASA Invites Reporters To Next Space Shuttle Launch And Tweetups|author=NASA|date=28 April 2010|accessdate=29 April 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100519112552/http://cio.gsfc.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/apr/HQ_M10-067_KSC_Tweetup.html|archivedate=19 May 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
==Mission experiments==
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Short-term experiments included:
* ''Micro-2'': Researchers from [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]] sent microorganisms to investigate new ways of preventing the formation and spread of clusters of bacteria (biofilms), that could pose a threat to the health of astronauts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/article428557.ece|title=Sending bacteria aboard space shuttle Atlantis|publisherwork=The Hindu|date=13 May 2010|accessdate=13 May 2010}}</ref> After the shuttle landed, the resulting biofilms were examined to see how their growth and development were impacted by microgravity.
* ''Hypersole'': Hypersole is a Canadian research project that plans to investigate sudden changes in skin sensitivity experienced by some astronauts in space.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/iss/hypersole.asp|title=HYPERSOLE The Ultimate Tickle Test|author=Canadian Space Agency|date=6 May 2010|accessdate=14 May 2010}}</ref> The researchers hope to understand more about how the skin sensitivity of the soles of the feet affect the human balance. Three STS-132 crew members participated in identical trials before the launch and immediately upon landing. The trials were also repeated on five astronauts scheduled to fly on the [[STS-133]] and [[STS-134]] missions. Project findings are expected to add significant knowledge to existing studies of aging and to be beneficial for the elderly and people who suffer from balance problems.
* ''Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Localized Exhaust Experiments (SIMPLEX)'' – STS-132 crew performed the SIMPLEX burn on Flight Day 12. The experiment investigates plasma turbulence driven by shuttle exhaust in the ionosphere using ground-based radars.<ref name=SIMPLEX>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/experiments/SIMPLEX.html|title=Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Localized Exhaust Experiments (SIMPLEX)|date=6 May 2009|access-date=27 November 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029061827/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/experiments/SIMPLEX.html|archive-date=29 October 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The processes by which chemical releases can produce plasma turbulence are quantified with the SIMPLEX measurements. Plasma turbulence can affect military navigation and communications using radio systems.
 
==Shuttle processing==
The mission's [[Space Shuttle external tank|external tank]], ET-136, began its {{convert|900|mi|adj=on}}, six-day journey across the [[Gulf of Mexico]] from NASA's [[Michoud Assembly Facility]] in [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, on 24 February 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/ssc/michoud/MichoudImages/ET-136.html|title=External Tank 136|publisher=LOCKHEED MARTIN.com|date=24 February 2010|access-date=26 February 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100511061513/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/ssc/michoud/MichoudImages/ET-136.html|archive-date=11 May 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://flametrench.flatoday.net/2010/02/external-tanks-reach-final-four-last.html |title=External tanks reach Final Four; last solid motor test fired |author=James Dean |publisher=FLORIDATODAY.com |date=25 February 2010 |access-date=25 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301091425/http://flametrench.flatoday.net/2010/02/external-tanks-reach-final-four-last.html |archive-date=1 March 2010 }}</ref> ET-136 measured {{convert|154|ft|m}} long and {{convert|28|ft|m}} in diameter. The solid rocket booster retrieval ship ''[[MV Liberty Star|Liberty Star]]'' towed the ET in the enclosed barge ''Pegasus''. After docking in the turn basin at the Kennedy Space Center, the tank was offloaded and driven to the [[Vehicle Assembly Building]] (VAB) on 1 March 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts132/100301tank/|author=Justin Ray|title=Atlantis' last fuel tank reaches launch site|publisher=Spaceflightnow.com|date=1 March 2010|accessdate=2 March 2010}}</ref>
 
On 29 March 2010, workers attached ET-136 to its [[solid rocket booster]]s. A crane lifted the ET into high bay No. 1 inside the VAB. The day-long process was completed around 18:00 EDT, as the tank was bolted to ''Atlantis''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s twin solid rocket boosters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts132/100330etsrbmate/|title=Fuel tank meets solid rocket boosters for final scheduled mission of Atlantis|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=30 March 2010|accessdate=31 March 2010}}</ref>
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''Atlantis''' astronauts traveled from Johnson Space Center, Houston to the KSC launch site on 10 May 2010 to prepare for the launch. The crew, arriving in four [[Northrop T-38 Talon]] jets, landed on the Shuttle Landing Facility around 18:49 EDT.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/space-shuttle-atlantis-crew-arrive-100510.html|title=Astronauts Arrive in Florida for Final Planned Launch of Shuttle Atlantis|author=Robert Z. Pearlman|publisher=SPACE.com|date=10 May 2010|accessdate=11 May 2010}}</ref>
 
The official countdown to liftoff started on 11 May 2010 after the countdown clocks at KSC were activated at 16:00 EDT, ticking backward from the T-43 -hour mark.
 
Program managers completed the L-2 Mission Management Team (MMT) meeting on 12 May 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2010/05/sts-132-l-2-mmt-ifas-cleared-ahead-of-atlantis-launch/|title=STS-132 L-2 MMT: IFAs Cleared Ahead of Atlantis' Launch|author=Chris Gebhardt|publisher=NASAspaceflight.com|date=12 May 2010|accessdate=13 May 2010}}</ref> At the end of the 18-minute-long meeting management team officially cleared ''Atlantis'' for launch. NASA held a pre-launch news conference to reveal the outcomes of the MMT and to brief the press on the upcoming launch. The news conference was attended by Chair, pre-launch mission management team, Mike Moses, Mike Leinbach and STS-132 weather officer, Todd McNamara. The weather officer spoke of a favorable launch weather forecast due to a high pressure weather pattern and despite a low cloud ceiling, calling a 70 percent chance of favorable conditions at launch time. He further elaborated on the predicted weather conditions at the [[Space Shuttle abort modes|Transoceanic Abort Landing]] (TAL) sites: [[Zaragoza Air Base|Zaragoza]] and [[Morón Air Base|Moron]] in Spain, and [[Istres-Le Tubé Air Base|Istres]], France, in case of an emergency.
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NASA held a post-launch news conference with Bill Gerstenmaier, Alexey Krasnov (chief of the Piloted Programs Directorate at the [[Russian Federal Space Agency]]), Mike Moses and Mike Leinbach. During the conference, Gerstenmaier made mention of a piece of space junk that could potentially have impacted ''Atlantis''<nowiki>'</nowiki> planned arrival at the ISS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/space-junk-shuttle-atlantis-station-100515.html|title=Space Junk May Make Shuttle Atlantis' Arrival at Station Trickier|author=Tariq Malik|publisher=SPACE.com|date=14 May 2010|accessdate=15 May 2010}}</ref>
 
More than 39,000 guests, including television host [[David Letterman]], [[Apollo program|Apollo]] astronaut [[Buzz Aldrin]], and former NASA administrator [[Michael D. Griffin|Michael Griffin]], witnessed the launch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/space-shuttle-atlantis-launches-final-flight-100514.html|title=Shuttle Atlantis Soars Intointo Space on Final Mission|author=Clara Moskowitz|publisher=SPACE.com|date=14 May 2010|accessdate=15 May 2010}}</ref> The Russian deputy prime minister, [[Sergei Ivanov]], and the head of the Russian Space Federal Agency, [[Anatoly Perminov]], were also present at KSC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=15128386&PageNum=0|title=Atlantis space shuttle takes off from Cape Canaveral|publisher=ITAR-TASS|date=14 May 2010|access-date=15 May 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516184807/http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=15128386&PageNum=0|archive-date=16 May 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
Once in orbit, the crew opened the shuttle's payload bay doors, activated the radiators and deployed the K<sub>u</sub> band antenna successfully. They also completed a checkout of the orbiter's [[Shuttle Remote Manipulator System]] (SRMS). The crew was also successful in downlinking all imagery from Atlantis' umbilical well cameras, along with crew video of ET-136, for review by imagery experts in the ground.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2010/05/25-years-atlantis-celebrates-final-time-orbit/|title=After a Storied 25-years, Atlantis Celebrates One Final Time in Orbit|author=Chris Gebhardt|publisher=NASAspaceflight.com|date=15 May 2010|accessdate=15 May 2010}}</ref> Preliminary inspections showed that ET-136 was very clean and had performed well during the ascent, with only a few foam liberation incidents visible.
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On flight day 7, the crew spent a few hours of off-duty time in the afternoon, but otherwise were largely focused on preparations for EVA 3. Earlier in the day, at 10:52 UTC, following leak checks, ISS Expedition 23 commander Oleg Kotov and flight engineer Alexander Skvortsov opened the hatch to the MRM-1 module.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts132/news/STS-132-13.html|title=STS-132 MCC Status Report #13|author=NASA|date=20 May 2010|accessdate=21 May 2010}}</ref> They wore eye and breathing protection as a standard precaution when entering a new module. Kotov reported that some metal filings were drifting around inside the new module as unpacking activities gathered pace, although initially he reported the interior of MRM-1 looked clean. Flight controllers both in Houston and Moscow worked with the crew to develop a technique for safely removing the floating debris.
 
At 12:25 UTC, shuttle crew members Ken Ham, Tony Antonelli, Piers Sellers, and ISS flight engineer Tracy Caldwell Dyson, talked with the [[Associated Press]], [[Fox News Radio]], and [[CBS News]].<ref>{{cite web|url=|title=Astronauts thrilled with progress of shuttle mission|author=William Harwood|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=20 May 2010}}</ref> Ham also joined in with past and present members of Mission Control to recognize Lonnie J. Schmitt as the first flight controller to reach his 100th shuttle mission.
 
During the day, Ham, Antonelli and Sellers transferred equipment, supplies and experiments between ''Atlantis'' and the ISS. Mission Specialists Mike Good and Garrett Reisman prepared for EVA 3, configuring tools and preparing suits and the Quest airlock. Ham, Antonelli and Sellers also joined them to review the procedures. As part of the campout procedure, the two spacewalkers spent the night in the Quest airlock, with its air pressure reduced to 10.2 psi.
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==Wake-up calls==
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the [[Gemini program]], and first used music to wake up a flight crew during [[Apollo 15]].
Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.<ref name="chronology">{{cite news|title=Chronology of Wakeup Calls| date=2 August 2005|publisher=NASA|url=https://history.nasa.gov/wakeup.htm|accessdate=5 April 2010}}</ref><ref name="wakeup">{{Cite web|url=http://spaceflight1.nasa.gov/gallery/audio/shuttle/sts-132/html/ndxpage1.html|title=STS-132 Wakeup Calls|publisher=[[NASA]]|date=May 2010|access-date=May 26, May 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527205058/http://spaceflight1.nasa.gov/gallery/audio/shuttle/sts-132/html/ndxpage1.html|archive-date=27 May 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
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