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Hoff was elected to the [[Vermont House of Representatives]] in 1960, and served one term, 1961 to 1963.<ref>{{cite web|title=Philip H. Hoff|url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hodgkins-hoffer.html#514.28.93|publisher=The Political Graveyard|accessdate=November 19, 2012}}</ref> As a legislator, Hoff was a member of the "Young Turks," a bipartisan alliance of progressive and reform minded representatives and senators that included Republicans [[Franklin S. Billings Jr.]] and [[Ernest W. Gibson III]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vermontway.blogspot.de/2011/05/voting-equality-and-hoff-effect.html |title=Voting Equality and the Hoff Effect |last=Guma |first=Greg |date=May 9, 2011 |website=The Vermont Way: Restless Spirits and Popular Movements |publisher=Greg Guma |location=Burlington, VT |access-date=May 1, 2018 |ref={{sfnRef|"Voting Equality and the Hoff Effect"}}}}</ref>
In 1962, Hoff [[1962 Vermont gubernatorial election|was elected]] Vermont's first [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] governor since the [[Vermont General Assembly]] selected [[John S. Robinson (governor)|John S. Robinson]] after no candidate obtained a popular vote majority in 1853.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Duffy |first1=John J. |last2=Hand |first2=Samuel B. |last3=Orth |first3=Ralph H. |date=2003 |title=The Vermont Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=uTBCXqOou0YC&pg=PA104 |location=Hanover, NH |publisher=University Press of New England |page=104 |isbn=978-1-58465-086-7}}</ref> Hoff waged an energetic campaign against incumbent Republican [[F. Ray Keyser Jr.]], and capitalized on local factors including a split between Vermont's conservative and progressive Republicans (the [[List of United States political families (P)#The Proctors|Proctor Wing]] and the [[George Aiken|Aiken]]-[[List of United States political families (G)#The Gibsons|Gibson]] Wing).{{sfn|"Voting Equality and the Hoff Effect"}} Rather than support the conservative Keyser, many of Vermont's liberal Republicans opted to support Hoff on a third party line, which contributed to his narrow margin of victory.{{sfn|"Voting Equality and the Hoff Effect"}} Hoff was also aided by national factors, including the popularity of incumbent Democratic President [[John F. Kennedy]], to whom Hoff was often compared.<ref>{{cite news |last=Page |first=Candace |date=April 27, 2018 |title=Gov. Phil Hoff: A look back at 'The man who changed Vermont' |url=https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/news/2018/04/27/gov-phil-hoff-look-back-man-who-changed-vermont/558826002/ |work=[[Burlington Free Press]] |location=Burlington, VT}}</ref>
Hoff won reelection in 1964 and 1966. During his governorship, he pioneered unprecedented environmental, development, and social welfare programs, including the creation of the Governor's Commission on the Status of Women.<ref>{{cite web|title=Philip H. Hoff|url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_vermont/col2-content/main-content-list/title_hoff_philip.html|publisher=National Governors Association|accessdate=November 19, 2012}}</ref> Concerned about racial justice, he joined with New York Mayor [[John Lindsay]] to co-found the Vermont-New York Youth Project, which brought minority students from the city together with Vermont students to work on joint summer projects at several Vermont colleges.<ref name=hopes/> According to the ''[[Boston Globe]]'', the program, which temporarily doubled Vermont's black population, "uncovered some latent bigotry that had not been visible before."<ref name=hopes>{{cite news|newspaper=The Boston Globe|title=Hoff hopes to be first Vt. Democratic senator|page=24|date=April 5, 1970|last=Stewart|first=Richard}}</ref> The poll tax was eliminated during his tenure as governor, and the Vermont Student Assistance Corporation, Legal Aid and Vermont Public Television were established.<ref>[https://vtdigger.org/2018/04/27/democratic-groundbreaker-former-gov-phil-hoff-dies-93/ Democratic groundbreaker, former Governor Phil Hoff dies], ''VTDigger.org'', Kevin O'Connor, April 27, 2018. Retrieved April 27, 2018.</ref>
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