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According to a genetic study with about 200 limited samples, 86% of Brazilians would have, at least, 10% of Black African genes.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Pode a genética definir quem deve se beneficiar das cotas universitárias e demais ações afirmativas?|first1=Sérgio D. J.|last1=Pena|first2=Maria Cátira|last2=Bortolini|volume=18|issue=50|pages=31–50|doi=10.1590/S0103-40142004000100004|journal=Estudos Avançados|year=2004|doi-access=free}}</ref>
The researchers however were cautious about its conclusions: "Obviously these estimates were made by extrapolation of experimental results with relatively small samples and, therefore, their confidence limits are very ample". A new autosomal study from 2011, also led by Sérgio Pena, but with nearly 1000 samples this time, from all over the country, shows that in most Brazilian regions most Brazilians "whites" are less than 10% African in ancestry and it also shows that the "pardos" are predominantly European in ancestry, the European ancestry being therefore the main component in the Brazilian population, in spite of a very high degree of African ancestry and significant Native American contribution.<ref name="plosone.org">{{Cite journal
According to an autosomal DNA genetic study from 2011, both "whites" and "pardos" from [[Fortaleza]] have a predominantly degree of European ancestry (>70%), with minor but important African and Native American contributions. "Whites" and "pardos" from [[Belém]] and [[Ilhéus]] also were found to be predominantly European in ancestry, with minor Native American and African contributions.<ref name="plosone.org"/>
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! style="background:#f99;" colspan="5"|Genomic ancestry of individuals in [[Porto Alegre]] Sérgio Pena ''et al.'' 2011.<ref name="plosone.org"/>
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! style="background:#f99;" colspan="5"|Genomic ancestry of individuals in [[Fortaleza]] Sérgio Pena ''et al.'' 2011.<ref name="plosone.org"/>
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! style="background:#f99;" colspan="5"|Genomic ancestry of non-related individuals in Rio de Janeiro Sérgio Pena ''et al.'' 2009<ref name="laboratoriogene">{{cite web
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|Cor||Number of individuals||Amerindian||African||European
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|White||107||6.7%||6.9%||86.4%
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