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Prestwich

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For other uses, see Prestwich (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Prestwick.

Prestwich (/ˈprɛstwɪtʃ/ PREST-witch) is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, Greater Manchester, England,[1] 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Manchester, 3 miles (5 km) north of Salford and 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Bury.

Prestwich
Prestwich is located in Greater Manchester
Prestwich
Prestwich
Location within Greater Manchester
Population31,693 
OS grid referenceSD814034
• London166 mi (267 km) SE
Metropolitan borough
Metropolitan county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townMANCHESTER
Postcode districtM25
Dialling code0161
PoliceGreater Manchester
FireGreater Manchester
AmbulanceNorth West
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Greater Manchester
53°32′00″N 2°17′00″W / 53.5333°N 2.2833°W / 53.5333; -2.2833

Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, Prestwich was the seat of the ancient parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham, in the hundred of Salfordshire. The Church of St Mary the Virgin—a Grade I listed building—has lain at the centre of the community for centuries.

The oldest part of Prestwich, around Bury New Road, is known as Prestwich Village. There is a large Jewish community in Prestwich which, together with neighbouring Whitefield, Broughton and Crumpsall, makes up the second largest Jewish community in the UK outside London.

History

Toponymy

Prestwich is possibly of Old English origin, derived from preost and wic, which translates to the priest's farm.[2] Another possible derivation is priest's retreat. Wic was a place-name element derived from the Latin vicus, place. Its most common meaning is dairy-farm.[3] The township was variously recorded as Prestwich in 1194, Prestwic in 1202 and Prestewic in 1203.[4]

History

 
The Church Inn (formerly the Ostrich Inn) next to St Mary's Church
 
The White Horse (left) and the Railway and Naturalist (right), Prestwich Village

Bury New Road roughly follows the line of a Roman road connecting forts at Mamucium (Manchester) and Bremetennacum (Ribchester). It is possible that a Roman fort or encampment was built at "Castle Hill", near the Salford border, mirroring an encampment on Rainsough Hill equidistant from the Roman road.[5] John Booker B.A., 19th century author and curate of the parish church, considered these were agrarian camps built to protect cattle kept in the woods of Broughton and Kersal.[6] The camp was "just to the right of the old road to Bury, immediately beyond Singleton Brook, on the first field in the Parish of Prestwich, which was formerly known as Lowcaster". Roman coins have been found off Bury New Road, near Prestwich Golf Course and some in Prestwich Clough.

A hoard of 65 silver coins from the reign of King Stephen was found in the Sedgley Park area in 1972.[7][8] The Prestwich manor emerged in the Middle Ages and in 1212 was assessed as four oxgang of land held by Adam de Prestwich whose father, Robert held it in 1193. The lord of the manor held the advowson for the church. Another Adam de Prestwich settled the manors of Prestwich, Alkrington and Pendlebury on his son John in 1297 but remarried and in 1313 settled the same manors on Thomas de Prestwich, his son by second wife. Thomas de Prestwich had daughters, Margaret who became a nun at Seaton Priory in 1360, but left the convent to marry Robert de Holland, and Agnes who married John de Radcliffe but died childless in 1362. Thomas de Prestwich granted his manors to Richard de Radcliffe for life and after that the manor was held by Richard de Langley. In 1371 Robert de Holland claimed the manor as the right of his wife. Roger de Langley was a minor and ward of the Duke of Lancaster in 1372 when Robert de Holland and a troop of armed men took possession of the manor by force and retained it until 1389. The Langleys regained the manor after 1403.[4]

After Sir Robert Langley's death in 1561 the manor passed to his daughter Margaret, who married John Reddish. Their granddaughter Sarah married Clement Coke and the manor descended in the Coke family, until 1777, when Thomas William Coke, Coke of Norfolk, a leader in the agricultural revolution sold the land in Prestwich to increase his Norfolk estates. The manor was acquired by Peter Drinkwater of Irwell House in 1794 and it descended to his son Thomas who died in 1861. Irwell House and Drinkwater Park was sold to Salford Corporation and Prestwich Council. In 1561 other lands went to Sir Robert's other daughters. Polefield, on higher ground to the north of Prestwich, became a separate estate, with Polefield Hall coming in the 19th century to the Earls of Wilton.[4]

In the hearth tax of 1666 there were 97 hearths in the township, the rector's house was the largest with ten.[4] In the 17th and 18th centuries local government was based on the parish structure. The lord of the manor administered land tenure and inheritance, but law and order was kept by parish constables assisted by the church wardens. The local justices sat in the "Star Chamber" in the Ostrich Inn, now the Church Inn, close to the parish church where the justices' seat can still be seen.[9] The village had stocks which remained in use until 1800.[4]

The settlement grew to serve the parish church making Church Lane the historic centre.[10] In the late 18th century the area was mainly rural with scattered farms and small settlements grew at Great and Little Heaton. The population was estimated at 670. Rooden Lane which became part of Bury Old Road was a centre for hand loom weaving and at Simister and neighbouring Bowlee, silk weaving was established. During the 19th century another settlement grew around the junction of Fairfax Road and Bury New Road along with another village centre on Bury Old Road. The area between these centres remained rural, however, the arrival of the railway in 1881 encouraged affluent merchants from Manchester to build villas and move to the town.[10] By 1912 the population had increased to 12,800, and from the 1930s onwards the remaining fields were developed and by 1961 the population reached 31,000 and Prestwich had become a suburb of Manchester.[10]

Prestwich Hospital was built as an asylum in 1851 and by 1900 it had grown into the largest asylum in Europe.[10] Sedgley Park Teacher Training College was established in Prestwich after the Faithful Companions of Jesus bought a house to accommodate it in 1903.[11] When Mike Leigh was a lecturer at the Catholic women teachers' training college Sedgley Park he devised and directed two big-cast projects for the Manchester Youth Theatre: Big Basil and Glum Victoria and the Lad with Specs.[12] The National Archives holds records relating to the college.[13]

Governance

Political representation

Prestwich, together with Whitefield and Radcliffe, is part of the marginal Bury South Parliamentary constituency, which has been represented by MP Christian Wakeford since 2019. Wakeford stood as a Conservative and gained the seat from the Labour Party by 402 votes, which at the time made it one of the most marginal seats in the country. However, he defected to Labour in January 2022.[14]

On Bury Council, Prestwich is served by three wards, St Mary's, covering the western half of the town, Holyrood covering the north-east, and Sedgeley to the south. In previous years, they have been represented by all three major political parties, but since the 2023 local elections, all nine seats across the three wards are held by Labour.

Civic history

 
The coat of arms of the council of the former Municipal Borough of Prestwich.

Historically, Prestwich was the ecclesiastical centre of Prestwich-cum-Oldham an ancient parish in the Salford Hundred of Lancashire.[15][16] A Prestwich Poor Law Union was established in 1850, and later merged with the Manchester one in 1915 before being abolished in 1930.[17]

In 1867 the Prestwich Local Board of Health was established which, as a result of the Local Government Act 1894, became Prestwich Urban District, to which parts of Great and Little Heaton townships were added. In 1903, Heaton Park was added to the City of Manchester, and in 1933, part of the urban district west of the Irwell was added to Swinton and Pendlebury Urban District. Prestwich became a municipal borough in 1939. Under the Local Government Act 1972 it became an unparished area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury in Greater Manchester,[1] taking effect on 1 April 1974.

Geography

Prestwich lies to the east of the River Irwell and is bounded on the north by Whitefield, on the east by Heaton Park, to the west by the Prestwich Forest Park and the Irwell Valley (Agecroft and Clifton) and to the south by the City of Salford. The two main north–south roads passing from central Manchester to Bury, Bury New Road (A56) and Bury Old Road, traverse the district.[18]

The geology of the area is characterised by carboniferous coal measures of the Manchester Coalfield and sandstone appertaining to the Carboniferous Westphalian C geological age. This is overlain with quaternary glacial drift comprising sand, gravel and boulder clay.[19]

 
Prestwich Panorama taken from the tower of the Church of Saint Mary the Virgin

Demography

The 2021 census estimated the population of Prestwich at 31,500.[20]

Jewish community

Around 20% of the population of Prestwich is Jewish,[20] and the area, along with neighbouring Whitefield, Broughton and Crumpsall, makes up the second largest Jewish community in the UK outside London.

The community is particularly concentrated around the Sedgley Park area in the South of Prestwich, which has several synagogues[21], as well as Jewish businesses, specialist shops and delicatessens along King's Road, Bury New Road and Bury Old Road.

Population change

Population growth in Prestwich 1881–1971
Year 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1939 1951 1961 1971
Population 8,627 10,485 12,839 17,195 18,750 23,881 32,594 34,466 34,191 32,825

Prestwich CP/Tn[22]

Economy

 
Longfield Suite main entrance

Prestwich has a wide range of traditional and superstore shopping. Jewish-owned shops give Prestwich a particular distinction.[23] The Longfield Centre, a shopping precinct and civic centre, which includes the Longfield Suite, Library, Health Centre, and NHS drop-in centre was built in the 1970s. Prestwich is now considered to be an affluent area and has been called the "Didsbury of North Manchester".[24]

Transport

 
Tram to Manchester passing through Prestwich village in 1904

Public transport in Prestwich is coordinated by Transport for Greater Manchester. It has good transport links to Manchester city centre, Bury and other parts of Greater Manchester.

Prestwich is served by four tram stations on the Manchester Metrolink line from Manchester to Bury, at Besses o' th' Barn on the Whitefield border to the north, Prestwich in the centre of the village, Heaton Park in the centre-east and Bowker Vale on the Blackley border to the south-east. There are a number of parking spaces at the Besses and Prestwich, stops, however, the nearest dedicated park-and-ride station is at Whitefield with over 200 spaces.[25] The metrolink line was originally a train line, with Prestwich station first built by Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in 1879.[26]

Bury New Road is the main road through the centre of the town. Buses on the road operate between Prestwich and central Manchester and Bury, with high frequency services operated by Go North West Local bus routes link the village to northern areas of Salford including Pendlebury, Swinton, Monton and Eccles. The Lancashire Way and The Witch Way express services link Prestwich to Manchester, Burnley and Pendle. The road was first constructed by a turnpike trust in 1826.[26]

Bury New Road also intersects the M60 motorway at Junction 17, the Whitefield Interchange, a short distance north of the centre of Prestwich.[27]

Landmarks

Historic Buildings

  •  
    Arts and Crafts, grade II listed building on Hilton Lane, built c1880[28]
  •  
    Beech Tree Bank, Rectory Lane. Renovated Victorian villas built 1881
  •  
    Poppythorn Cottage on Poppythorn Lane

Parks

Richard Buxton (1786–1865), a shoemaker born at Sedgley Hall Farm[4] published a botanical guide to the plants found around the Manchester area in 1849.[29] In the early 20th century James Cosmo Melvill wrote that Kersal Moor, Prestwich Clough, Mere Clough, the Park and Hurst Clough were the homes of most of the interesting plants. Many other noted local botanists had studied the area including Leo Grindon and Thomas Rogers.[30]

 
One of the trails to Mere Clough

In 1906 9 acres (3.6 ha) of land were given to the Prestwich Urban District Council by William Gardner, a further 13 acres (5.3 ha) were purchased and the "sylvan and beautiful" Prestwich Clough was opened to the public as a place of recreation.[31]

Prestwich Forest Park consists of 200 hectares (490 acres) of land on the western side of Prestwich incorporating, Philips Park, Prestwich Clough, Mere Clough, Waterdale Meadow and Drinkwater Park.

Much of the area of the park was industrialised during the 18th and 19th centuries but has been reclaimed with extensive woodlands, reservoirs and grasslands. While this area has become a haven for wildlife, there are still remnants of the area's industrial past. Philips Park has been designated as a Local Nature Reserve (LNR) and Prestwich Clough as a Site of Biological Importance (SBI) due to the important contribution they make to the wildlife heritage of Greater Manchester. The Irwell Sculpture Trail, the Irwell Valley Way and a National Cycle Route all pass through the park. The "Friends of Prestwich Forest Park" and the BTCV co-ordinate volunteer activities and events such as the Prestwich Clough Centenary Celebrations.[32][33] The renovated Philips Park Barn which has become a major environmental education and countryside centre for the borough and is used by a number of local groups .[34]

Education

Prestwich has four secondary schools: The Heys School, St Monica's High School, Parrenthorn High School and Manchester Mesivta School. Two of these are faith schools, with St Monica's being Catholic and Mesivta Jewish. St Monica's featured a Sixth Form centre offering vocational courses from 2011 but the centre was closed down in 2017, so for both A-level and vocational studies the nearest tertiary education providers are both in Bury, Holy Cross College and Bury College.

Religion

The Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin is a Grade I listed building and was at the centre of the ancient ecclesiastical parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham that extended beyond the township boundaries. It is known that it had a rector by 1200.[4] Parts of the present building date from around 1500, although extensions were made at the end of the 19th century. For a time in the 19th century, the church was referred to as St Bartholomew's. The church wakes were traditionally held around St Bartholomew's Day. The living of Prestwich was suspended by the Diocese of Manchester in 2002. A priest-in-charge, The Revd. Bryan Hackett, residing in the rectory, was appointed.

The foundation stone of St Margaret's Church was laid near Heaton Park in 1849. Founded as a chapel of ease to the parish church, it became a parish church in its own right in 1885.[35] The church was built as a Commissioners' Church to a design by Travis & Mangnall at a cost of £2,000[36] and was extended in 1863, 1871, 1884, 1888 and 1899. A feature of the church is the Arts and Crafts Movement oak carved reredos, choir stalls, rood screen, panelling, pulpit, bishop's chair and altar rails by Arthur Simpson of Kendal, widely believed to be the finest collection of his ecclesiastical work. Other Anglican churches in the area include churches dedicated to St Gabriel (built 1933–4,[36] St Hilda (1903–04)[36] and St George (1915).[37]

The Roman Catholic Church had a resurgence in late Victorian times. Mass was celebrated in 1889 for the first time since the Reformation. The present Catholic church, dedicated to Our Lady of Grace, was opened in 1931 and consecrated in 1956.

There are two Methodist churches, Heaton Park Methodist Church and Prestwich Methodist Church. There are cemeteries at the parish church and St Margaret's. The Congregational Church on Bailey Street was originally based in a building designed by Alfred Waterhouse in 1864 and was joined by a school, also by Waterhouse, in 1865.[36] In 2006, the Waterhouse church was redeveloped as flats and a new church (by Z Architecture and Design) was built on an adjacent site.[38]

The migration of Jewish families, mainly from the nearby Cheetham area of Manchester and Broughton Park in Salford, and the later arrival of Muslims into this urban area, resulted in synagogues, such as Heaton Park Hebrew Congregation,[39] and mosques being constructed alongside Christian places of worship. There are Jewish cemeteries at Philips Park Cemetery, Prestwich Village Cemetery was used from 1841 to 1951, and Rainsough Cemetery from 1923. According to Pevsner, the 1934 Holy Law Synagogue was the first "purpose-built" synagogue in Prestwich. [40]

Sport

The most successful Association football team representing Prestwich is Prestwich Heys A.F.C., who play in the North West Counties Football League, level nine in the English football league system. Other local teams include Prestwich F.C., Prestwich Marauders F.C., and Bury Amateurs.

Prestwich Cricket, Tennis & Bowling Club is located near Prestwich Metrolink station. It is one of the oldest clubs in the Manchester area, and was the first multi-sports club in the UK to achieve Clubmark or equivalent accreditations in all its official sporting sections.[41]. The club has cricket, crown green bowling, tennis and football facilities and a clubhouse.

Golf is played at Prestwich Golf Club, and crown green bowling in St. Mary's Park. Both are also found at the nearby Heaton Park, where the bowling greens were built for the 2002 Commonwealth Games.

Culture and media

The Prestwich and Whitefield Guide and The Bury Times are sold in the locality. The Jewish Telegraph is produced and printed in Prestwich.

The Longfield Centre civic hall, which previously had one of the largest sprung floor ballrooms in the north-west of England, was permanently closed in 2021[42].

There are several private members' clubs in the town, including Prestwich Church Institute, the Carlton Club, and two political clubs - Prestwich Conservative Club and Prestwich Liberal Club.

Notable people

Further information: List of people from Bury

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Greater Manchester Gazetteer". Greater Manchester County Record Office. Places names – O to R. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2007.
  2. ^ Mills 1976, p. 123
  3. ^ Domesday Book Archived 27 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Farrer, William; Brownbill, J., eds. (1911), "The parish of Prestwich with Oldham: Prestwich", A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 5, British History Online, pp. 76–80, retrieved 30 November 2010
  5. ^ Prestwich History Retrieved 20 December 2007
  6. ^ Booker, John (1852). Memorials of the Church in Prestwich: Derived Chiefly from Unpublished and Authentic Sources (abridged ed.). Manchester: Simms and Dinham. p. 71.
  7. ^ Prestwich Museum re-launch, Metropolitan Borough of Bury, retrieved 4 January 2010
  8. ^ King, Edmund (22 September 1994). The Anarchy of King Stephen's reign By Edmund King. Clarendon Press. p. 192. ISBN 0-19-820364-0. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
  9. ^ Makepeace, C. E. (1974) Prestwich, a brief history. Prestwich Borough Council
  10. ^ a b c d Anon. "Love Prestwich: Part 1: Prestwich Today". Metropolitan Borough of Bury. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. ^ Diocese of Salford; history; former bishops
  12. ^ Coveney, p. 80
  13. ^ Manchester, Prestwich, Sedgley Park Training College formerly Salford Training College; the National Archives
  14. ^ "Tory MP Christian Wakeford defects to Labour". BBC News. 19 January 2022.
  15. ^ Lewis, Samuel (1848). "Prestwich". A Topographical Dictionary of England. British History Online: 175–179. Retrieved 30 November 2010.
  16. ^ Map of the ten parishes of the Hundred of Salford retrieved 2 November 2007
  17. ^ "The Workhouse in Prestwich, Lancashire". The Workhouse. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  18. ^ "Prestwich Township Boundaries". GenUKI. Retrieved 1 December 2010. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  19. ^ Anon (June 2009). "Phase 1 geo-environmental ground investigation at Longfield Shopping Centre, Prestwich Town Centre, Manchester for the Hollins Murray Group" (PDF). Planning report. Hollins Murray Group. p. 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
  20. ^ a b "Census 2021". Office for National Statistics.
  21. ^ Jewish Communities and Records: Synagogues of Greater Manchester Retrieved on 12 March 2008
  22. ^ "PrestwichCP/Tn : Total Population". Vision of Britain. Retrieved 3 December 2010. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  23. ^ "Rochdale latest news - Manchester Evening News". www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  24. ^ "Prestwich Tourist Information". About Britain. Archived from the original on 2 June 2009. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
  25. ^ "Park and Ride". Transport for Greater Manchester. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  26. ^ a b Hindle, Paul. "Manchester Victoria to Bury: an historical trip on Metrolink" (PDF). Exploring Greater Manchester. Manchester Geographical Society. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
  27. ^ "Junction 17 of M60". GeoHack. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  28. ^ "Wrenwood and Rookwood". Bury Council. Archived from the original on 26 October 2007. Retrieved 3 January 2010. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  29. ^ Buxton, Richard (1849). A botanical guide to the flowering plants, ferns, mosses and algæ, found indigenous within 16 miles (26 km) of Manchester: with some information as to their agricultural, medicinal, and other usesr. Manchester: Longman and Co. Retrieved 11 May 2009.
  30. ^ Melvill, J. C. (1905) "Flora", in: Nicholls, W. History and Traditions; pp. 165–182
  31. ^ pratt, Ian (26 November 2009). "Looking back:'Sylvan' view of the Clough in 1908". Prestwich and Whitefield Guide. Newsquest Media Group. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  32. ^ Prestwich Clough Day 2007 Archived 16 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 26 October 2007
  33. ^ "Prestwich Clough Centenary Committee". prestwichclough.co.uk. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  34. ^ Prestwich Forest Park Archived 20 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 26 October 2007
  35. ^ "St Margaret Holyrood Church of England, Prestwich". genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  36. ^ a b c d Pevsner, Nikolaus (1969). The Buildings of England: South Lancashire (1st ed.). London: Penguin. p. 368. ISBN 0-14-0710-36-1.
  37. ^ "St George Church of England, Simister". GenUKI. Retrieved 11 December 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  38. ^ Hewitson, Jessie (17 December 2006). "The new home they've prayed for". The Observer. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  39. ^ News, Manchester Evening (19 April 2010). "What will we do without him?". menmedia.co.uk. Retrieved 5 April 2018. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  40. ^ Pevsner, Nikolaus; Hartwell, Clare; Hyde, Matthew (2004). Lancashire: Manchester and the South-East (1st ed.). New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 368. ISBN 0-300-10583-5.
  41. ^ "Prestwich sports club... a shining example". Clubmark/Sport England. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
  42. ^ "Prestwich's Longfield Suite to be permanently closed to save council cash". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  43. ^ Evans, Denise (16 June 2011). "Celia has designs on meeting the Queen". Manchester Evening News. MEN media. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  44. ^ Nelson, Craig (24 January 2010). "Silent Radio: Interview – Liam Frost". Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  45. ^ "Garvey's comfy house in Prestwich". The Guardian. 2 March 2014.
  46. ^ Anon (13 October 2010). "Howard Jacobson wins the Booker Prize – and thanks his Whitefield school". Manchester Evening News. MEN media. Retrieved 16 December 2010.
  47. ^ Wallwork, Melanie (1 May 2014). "The Bury Times: The Big Interview – Author Emma Jane Unsworth talks tattoos, parks and Prestwich". Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  48. ^ "Victoria Wood to return to drama". Manchester Evening News. 23 June 2006.

Bibliography

Further reading

 
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