Earl Biss (September 29, 1947 – October 18, 1998), also called Spotted Horse and The Spirit Who Walks Among His People, was an Apsáalooke (Crow)-American painter born in Renton, Washington.[1][2] A contributor to the Southwestern Art movement, he is known for his colorful oil paintings of Plains Indians and western landscapes.[3] Biss exhibited his artwork widely[2] and has works in the public collections of institutions including the New Mexico Museum of Art, the Missoula Art Museum, and the Gilcrease Museum.[2]
Earl Biss | |
|---|---|
| Iichíile Xáxxish | |
| Born | September 29, 1947 |
| Died | October 18, 1998 (aged 51) |
Early life
As a young child, Biss split his time between living with his grandmother in Montana on the Crow Indian Reservation and with his father on the Yakama Indian Reservation in Washington.[3][4] Biss was a descendent of Crow scout White Man Runs Him.[5]
At age eight, Biss fell ill with rheumatic fever. During his convalescence, he began painting and soon showed significant talent in the arts.[4] Elders gave the young artist the Crow name Spotted Horse (Iichíile Xáxxish).[6]
Biss spent time at both Mount Si High School and Wapato High School.[2] At age sixteen, he began at the Institute of American Indian Arts (IAIA) along contemporaries T. C. Cannon and Kevin Red Star.[7] While there from 1963 to 1965, Biss studied under faculty including Fritz Scholder, Allan Houser, Charles Loloma and Paolo Soleri. He was inspired by Abstract expressionism and other Modern art movements to incorporate wider influences into Native art, in turn helping found the Contemporary Southwestern Art movement. Said Red Star, "Earl was the catalyst, like the agitator in a washing machine."[3]
After studying oil painting on scholarship at the San Francisco Art Institute, Biss traveled to Europe to explore art museums and to study printmaking with Stanley William Hayter.[3] Biss also spent six months painting on Corfu in Greece.[4] Biss said, "I believe my work was most influenced by the works of the European masters: the violent translucent skies of [William] Turner, the impressionistic brush work of Monet, illusive suggestiveness of Whistlerlandscapes."[6] Other influences included Edvard Munch, Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning.[8]
Career
Biss had his first solo exhibition in 1972,[9] which sold out and earned him enough money to travel and learn.[6] He quickly became well-known as a master oil painter in his own right, and his work was exhibited across the globe.[2]
Biss moved often, setting up studios in places like Santa Fe, San Francisco, Red Lodge, and Colorado. He was a prolific artist who created thousands of works in his lifetime.[3] Biss often worked in days-long painting sessions in which he would create under the influence of alcohol and other substances. He prided himself on his technique, once saying, "Ninety-nine percent of the artists in the United States don't really know oil painting and if an artist doesn't paint in oils then he isn't a real artist."[5]
After years of artwork honoring his Apsáalooke heritage, Biss earned the name The Spirit Who Walks Among His People (Iláaxe Baahéeleen Díilish).[3]
Personal life
Of Biss, his colleague Presley LaFountain said, "His passion was Indian people, horses, women and art."[5] Biss had numerous relationships and marriages throughout his life.[3]
In 1998, Biss died of a stroke while painting in his studio in Sante Fe, New Mexico.[5] He is interred at the Crow Agency Cemetery in Crow Agency, Montana.[10]
Legacy
In 2021, Biss was the subject of a documentary film Earl Biss: The Spirit Who Walks Among His People.[11]
References
- ^ King, Jeanne Snodgrass (1968). American Indian painters; a biographical directory. Smithsonian Libraries. New York : Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation.
- ^ a b c d e Lester, Patrick D. (Patrick David) (1995). The biographical directory of Native American painters. Internet Archive. Tulsa, OK : SIR Publications ; Norman, OK : Distributed by University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-9936-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Earl Biss". Earl Biss. Retrieved 2024-07-06.
- ^ a b c "Earl Biss". Buffalo Bill Center of the West. Retrieved 2024-07-06.
- ^ a b c d "Master oil painter Earl Biss, 51, dies". The Santa Fe New Mexican. 1998-10-19. p. 1. Retrieved 2024-07-06.
- ^ a b c Kydland, Suzanne (1998-05-15). "Earl Biss". The Billings Gazette. p. 48. Retrieved 2024-07-06.
- ^ "Earl Biss". Galerie Zuger. Retrieved 2024-07-06.
- ^ "Earl Biss | Windsor Betts". windsorbetts.com. Retrieved 2024-07-06.
- ^ "Exhibitions Open At Museum Of Plains Indians". Shoshone News-Press. 1972-10-10. p. 3. Retrieved 2024-07-06.
- ^ "Bullis Mortuary: BISS". The Billings Gazette. 1998-10-21. p. 9. Retrieved 2024-07-06.
- ^ Schulman, Sandra Hale (2023-09-22). "'Wild life' of pioneering artist told in new documentary film". ICT News. Retrieved 2024-07-06.