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Upper Swan
Perth, Western Australia
Coordinates31°46′23″S 116°01′30″E / 31.773°S 116.025°E / -31.773; 116.025
Postcode(s)6069
LGA(s)City of Swan
State electorate(s)Swan Hills
Federal division(s)Hasluck
Suburbs around Upper Swan:
Bullsbrook Bullsbrook Gidgegannup
The Vines Upper Swan Brigadoon
Belhus Millendon Brigadoon

Upper Swan is an outer suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located 33km northeast of Perth's central business district in the City of Swan. The locality sits at the confluence of the Swan River, the Millendon Junction to Narngulu railway line and Great Northern Highway, which is where the main suburban townsite is located. The rest of the locality is characterised by rural and industrial land uses such as vineyards, equestrian estates and quarries.[1]

History

Name

Prior to the introduction of localities and suburbs, the descriptive name "Upper Swan" was used generally and colloquially for the wider area at the head of the Swan River,[2] including areas such as Belhus, Henley Brook, Brigadoon and Millendon. Examples of this usage include the Upper Swan Memorial Hall in Baskerville[3] and the All Saints Church in Henley Brook, which was previously known as the Upper Swan Church.

The name became specific to the modern-day locality of Upper Swan in 1972, when the locality was gazetted.[4]

Prehistory

The Swan River was traditionally used by the Noongar people as a thoroughfare to the coastal plains.[5] During a clay extraction operation in Upper Swan in the 1980s, a 40,000 year old artefact scatter was identified on the north bank of the river[6][7] by researchers Pearce and Barbetti. It is considered to be one of the most ancient Aboriginal discoveries in Australia.

Colonial era

The 1829 establishment of the Swan River Colony brought a system of land grants for settlers to take up and farm. The modern suburb of Upper Swan was contained mostly within Swan Location 1, along with small parts of Locations 3 and 4. Location 1, "Ellen's Brook" was granted to George Leake and Location 3 was granted to Peter Broun who named it "Coulston".[8] William Shaw took up Location 4,[9] naming it "Belvoir" after Belvoir Castle in Shaw's native Leicestershire.[10]

The first townsite activity established in the area was a remote military barracks on the Coulston estate in 1832, to police local land grants against theft of stock from native Whadjuk Noongar people.[2] Shaw established the area's first vineyard at Belvoir using South African grapes,[10] while Ellen's Brook became a successful pastoral farm under the management of Henry Bull. After 1838, Leake gifted the northern Upper Swan half of Ellen's Brook to Bull, who named the new estate "Woburn Park".[11] The southern part of Location 1 became Belhus. Bull ultimately left Western Australia in 1848, leaving Woburn Park to be managed by agents,[12] while Belvoir passed into the ownership of the Loton family.[13]

Indentured labour consisting of Aboriginal prisoners and British convicts were brought in by the government to build the Upper Swan Bridge over the Swan River.[14] Further developments came in 1891 with the construction of the Midland railway line through Upper Swan,[15] including a new Upper Swan Siding and a new rail bridge over the river.[16] Upper Swan Primary School was also established in 1905[17] to serve children of the local area.

The original convict-built Upper Swan Bridge was destroyed in a flash flood in the winter of 1926,[18] causing widespread disruption for residents in the area. It was rebuilt later that same year,[19] before being rebuilt again in 1955.[20]

Modern era

The area around the Upper Swan Siding was subdivided into urban one-acre and half-acre lots as the 'Upper Swan Estate' in 1910.[21] However, the area remained rural and did not see any substantial residential development or take-up until the 1970s.[22] The subdivision plan also provisioned land for a railway station which never materialised.

From the early 20th century onwards, as the rural land holdings became subdivided from their original colonial grants,[23] many hobby farmers, horticulturalists and viticulturalists began to move into the area to establish orchards and wineries.[24] This followed a similar trend in other areas of the fertile river plains such as Henley Brook and Belhus, establishing the modern character of the Swan Valley region. Prominent families who ran agricultural smallholdings in Upper Swan included the Copleys, the Kendalls, the Halletts and the Glavotas.[25]

The area saw further facility developments towards the mid-century. The Bureau of Meteorology established the Upper Swan Research Station in 1951 for climate tracking, which was operated continuously for over 40 years until its closure in 1998.[26] The area's first service station, Ginger's Roadhouse, was also founded on Great Northern Highway at this time by the Squires family.[27] A syndicate of mining companies also proposed to develop an aluminium refinery and residual disposal site in Upper Swan, on what is now The Vines.[28] Despite being assented to in 1971 by an Act of Parliament,[29] it failed to proceed after the Environmental Protection Authority refused approval.[30]

The Shire of Swan gazetted Upper Swan as a postal suburb in 1972.[4] Houses began to be constructed in the acreages around the siding at this time,[22] establishing the area's first suburban community. Much later in 1989, The Vines estate[31] was established in Upper Swan on the other side of the Ellen Brook, but it was subsequently transferred to the new locality of Ellenbrook in 1992.[32]

Clay extraction operations, a common feature of Upper Swan, had begun to increase in both land holdings and business proponents throughout the 1980s, including companies such as Midland Brick,[33] Bristile, Metro Brick and Prestige Brick.[34] This led the Environmental Protection Authority to enforce stricter approval conditions to guarantee the protection of water relationships and the Western Swamp Turtle in the area.

Following a re-zoning effort in 2015, a group of adjoining landowners on the banks of the Ellen Brook sold their Upper Swan holdings to Satterley Property Group to form the beginning of the Clementine Estate suburban development.[35] The first lots at Clementine were released for sale in 2021.

Geography

Upper Swan is surrounded by the Swan River and the Ellen Brook waterways to the east, south and west, forming most of its boundary lines. Bullsbrook is located to the north.

The suburb is very large with a variety of active agricultural and industrial land uses. The portion south of the Swan River contains many wineries and hobby farms, functioning as a part of the Swan Valley tourism region. Dotted around the locality are various equestrian studs, agistments and riding schools on large rural lots.[36] Several clay quarries and extraction pits operate in the vicinity of Great Northern Highway that have significantly altered the natural landscape, although owners Midland Brick have committed to rehabilitation of ex-quarries, along with donation of land holdings to create buffer zones.[37]

The Ellen Brook Nature Reserve in the north of Upper Swan is an 83 hectare wetland conservation area, created in 1962.[38] It is one of only two conservation habitats left for the critically endangered Western Swamp Tortoise.[39] The reserve is fenced off with no public access permitted.

Bells Rapids Park is located in the east,[40] leading to Mount Mambup on the Darling Scarp. Pullman Park, a rehabilitated quarry area, is in the south below the Yagan Bridge.[37] A substantial portion of the locality in the scarp to the east consists of uninhabited virgin bushland.

Demographics

At the 2021 Australian census[41], Upper Swan had a population of 549. The median age was 52, far higher than the state and national average of 38. The most common ancestries in Upper Swan were English (47.7%), Australian (36.1%), Scottish (9.8%), Irish (8.4%) and Italian (4.9%). 2.4% of residents identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. 74.7% of residents were born in Australia.

Facilities

Upper Swan has three service stations on Great Northern Highway that provide light shopping and retail options, including Ginger's Roadhouse which has been in continuous operation since the 1950s.[27] Residents rely on the nearby centre of Ellenbrook for main line retail shops,[42] civic services and emergency services such as police, fire and ambulance.

Primary school students attend the nearby Upper Swan Primary School in the suburb, while high school students fall into the single catchment area of Aveley Secondary College in Ellenbrook.[43]

A road train assembly area exists on Apple Street for freight movements on the Perth to Darwin National Highway.

Electricity[44]

Transport

Upper Swan is dominated by Great Northern Highway (National Highway 95), which links to Midland in the south and Bullsbrook in the north. The only other main road is West Swan Road (State Route 52) to Guildford in the south-west. A minor access road, Railway Parade, links to The Vines via a road bridge over the Ellen Brook. No roads traverse the Darling Scarp in this area.[45]

Transwa provides a stop at Upper Swan for its Mid West regional coach routes to Moora, Geraldton and Kalbarri.[46] The following Transperth metropolitan bus routes have stops at Upper Swan:

  •    310 Upper Swan to Midland Station – serves Railway Parade, Apple Street and Great Northern Highway[47]
  •    311 Bullsbrook to Midland Station – serves Great Northern Highway[48]

References

  1. ^ "Upper Swan Local Area Plan" (PDF). City of Swan. December 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  2. ^ a b Bourke, Michael J. On the Swan: A History of the Swan District, Western Australia. University of Western Australia Press. ISBN 9780855642587.
  3. ^ "Baskerville Upper Swan Memorial Hall". Virtual War Memorial Australia. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  4. ^ a b "History of metropolitan suburb names – U". Western Australian Land Information Authority. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
  5. ^ "Indigenous history of the Swan and Canning Rivers" (PDF). Debra Hughes-Hallett. 2010. p. 63. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  6. ^ "Main Roads Western Australia - Environmental Impact Assessment - Great Northern Highway: Section 1: 6.45SLK to 12.56SLK" (PDF). ATA Environmental. April 2004. p. 107. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  7. ^ "ACHIS - Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Inquiry System". Government of Western Australia - Department of Planning, Lands and Heritage. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
  8. ^ "Peter Broun". Freotopia. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  9. ^ "Register of Heritage Places - Assessment Documentation - Boundary Tree, Swan Locations 4 and 5, Baskerville". Heritage Council of Western Australia. 22 April 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  10. ^ a b "Register of Heritage Places - Assessment Documentation - Belvoir Homestead Group". Heritage Council of Western Australia. 27 June 1919. p. 1. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  11. ^ "Finding Home - Part 1 The Upper Swan - Map". State Library of Western Australia. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  12. ^ "Register of Heritage Places - Assessment Documentation - Henry Bull's Cottage". Heritage Council of Western Australia. 6 February 1998. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  13. ^ "Mr. E.T. Loton - "Belvoir", Upper Swan, Western Australia". Australian Farm and Home. National Library of Australia. 21 September 1931. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  14. ^ "Cradle of the Colony: A Story of Guildford and the Swan Valley" (PDF). City of Swan. p. 7. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  15. ^ "The Midland Railway - Its Jubilee Year". The West Australian. National Library of Australia. 31 October 1936. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  16. ^ "Western Australian Government Gazette - Perth, Friday, 27 June 1919 No. 32" (PDF). Government of Western Australia. 27 June 1919. p. 1. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  17. ^ "School History". Upper Swan Primary School. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  18. ^ "Upper Swan Bridge - Washed Away by the Flood". The Sunday Times. National Library of Australia. 25 July 1926. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  19. ^ "Swan Shire Bridges Project - Synopsis of Interview with Grace McLean". State Library of Western Australia. 1993. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  20. ^ "Swan Shire Bridges Project - Synopsis of Interview with Reg Hallatt". State Library of Western Australia. 1993. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  21. ^ "New Townsite on Upper Swan Estate - Lord, Hassen & Co. Auctioneers". State Library of Western Australia. 1910. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  22. ^ a b "Landgate Map Viewer Plus - Perth Metropolitan Area - 10/07-06/09/1974". Landgate. 1974. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  23. ^ "Western Australia Bonnes 40 chain cadastral map 1B/40". State Library of Western Australia. 1953. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  24. ^ "Mr. Donald Grant's Vineyard, Upper Swan". Western Mail. National Library of Australia. 1953. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  25. ^ "The History of Clementine, Upper Swan". Satterley Property Group. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  26. ^ "Climate Data Sites - Upper Swan Research Station". Australian Government - Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  27. ^ a b "Ginger back on familiar territory". The Advocate. 17 October 2002. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  28. ^ "Item 1970/226 v2 - Alumina refinery. Upper Swan. C.S.R. Hanwright & Pacminex". State Records Office of Western Australia. 1970. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  29. ^ "Alumina Refinery (Upper Swan) Agreement" (PDF). The Bulletin. Government of Western Australia. 15 December 1971. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  30. ^ "Edenologists one up on aluminarians". The Bulletin. National Library of Australia. 1 April 1972. p. 22. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  31. ^ "Swanning it in Luxury near Perth - Francis O'Mara". Australian Financial Review. 18 July 1988. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  32. ^ "Western Australian Government Gazette - No.113" (PDF). Government of Western Australia. 7 August 1992. p. 3877. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
  33. ^ "Proposed clay extraction, Lot 6 Almeria Parade, Upper Swan - Midland Brick Company Pty Ltd" (PDF). Environmental Protection Authority. January 1992. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  34. ^ "Proposed clay extraction, Lots 23 and 51 Apple Street, Upper Swan - Pilsley Investments Pty Ltd (Prestige Brick)" (PDF). Environmental Protection Authority. March 1992. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  35. ^ "Nigel Satterley snaps up Perth Swan Valley greenfield site for $90m". Australian Financial Review. 1 December 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  36. ^ "Upper Swan Local Area Plan" (PDF). City of Swan. August 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  37. ^ a b "Midland Brick - Environmental Management Program - Clay Excavation, Hallett and Copley Roads Area, Upper Swan" (PDF). RPS Bowman Bishaw Gorham. 2 June 2007. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  38. ^ "Ellen Brook Nature Reserve". Friends of the Western Swamp Tortoise. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  39. ^ "Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors - Protection of the Western Swamp Tortoise Habitat, Upper Swan/Bullsbrook" (PDF). Government of Western Australia - Environmental Protection Authority. June 2006. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  40. ^ "Bells Rapids". City of Swan. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  41. ^ "Upper Swan - 2021 Census - All persons QuickStats". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 10 August 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
  42. ^ "Clementine - Explore Amenities Upper Swan". Satterley Property Group. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  43. ^ "Perth High School Catchment Area Map". Move Homes. 20 April 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  44. ^ "Network Capacity Mapping Tool". Western Power. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  45. ^ "Open Street Map". Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  46. ^ "Transwa System Map" (PDF). Transwa. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  47. ^ "Route 310". Bus Timetable 91 (PDF). Transperth. 26 April 2023 [effective from 12 June 2023].
  48. ^ "Route 311". Bus Timetable 91 (PDF). Transperth. 26 April 2023 [effective from 12 June 2023].
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