Template:Reflib/Ancient seafaring

Template documentation

This is Reflib documentation for article domain library Ancient seafaring. It is designed to hold full citations in the References section of an article related to Ancient seafaring that uses short citations in-line. See the article domain table for currently supported domains.

Introduction

An article domain is a topic area in which a group of related articles have shared citations; that is, citations which are used, or are likely to be used, in more than one article in the domain. It is by design a vetted repository of citations to reliable sources where new or veteran editors can come and find useful sources for their topic, already formatted properly as CS1 or CS2 citations and ready for use in their article.

In the case of domain Ancient seafaring, instead of having to copy and paste full citations among numerous articles related to Ancient seafaring and keep them in sync, Template:Reflib allows you to place the citations into the domain container for Ancient seafaring just once, and then use the template to import needed citations into any articles in the domain that need them. It's up to users to define what constitutes a domain, but as a rough approximation, articles linked from the same navigation template are likely to have citations in common that are members of the same article domain; see nav box {{Ancient seafaring}} for example. Categories offer another approach.

Usage

Sections

This article domain library is a repository for unique citations which may be used in multiple articles in the domain "Ancient seafaring", such as those found in Nav template {{Ancient seafaring}}. Full citations may be added to this library when they are likely to be used in more than one article: create a new section name that is unique to this page, and add your citation to the section. It does not matter whether or not there is a blank line after the section header. The section header can be any unique name, and to promote readability of the wikicode where they are used, it's best to follow the recommendations for named footnotes, such as "Lastname-YYYY".

Modify as necessary, to make the section header unique on the page. For authors with multiple works in the same year, you may use: Smith-2004a, Smith-2004b, and so on. If there are several different Smiths, then you may, if you wish, disambiguate with initials of given name(s): SmithA-2004, SmithCJ-2004, SmithM-2004, and so on, but any method that results in a unique section header is acceptable.

If a citation is likely to be used in only one article, there is no need to place it here; just add it to the "Works cited" or "Sources" section as usual.

Please keep sections on the page in alphabetical order, to make it easier to manage, and to more easily spot duplicates. Higher level sections such as letter indexes (A – D; E – J; etc.) are fine, as long as the citation section headers remain unique.

Citations

Because this is designed to be used with articles that use shortened footnotes, the citations on the page should use any of the CS1- or CS2-style templates that create HTML IDs by default suitable for use with shortened footnotes using the Harv- and sfn-family templates. This includes {{cite book}}, {{cite journal}}, {{cite news}}, {{cite web}}, and any of the other {{citation}} family of templates.

Normally, there should be one citation per section; more than one is not recommended, but if used, will bring in all of the citations in the section. One reason you might do this is when using template {{citec}}/{{harvc}} to specify a number of chapters belonging to the same book; in this case, it is better to keep them all together in one section for simplicity, even if your article doesn't cite each of the chapters.

The CITEREF generated from the citation (usually by concatenating the values of (all of the) |lastN= and |year=) should be unique, in order to avoid generating a duplicate target error.

Updating this page

Prerequisites

It is recommended that only editors experienced in using citation templates update a domain container. Certain common errors or oversights such as omitting a terminating curly bracket could have repercussions in more than one article, with previously working citations disappearing en masse. Use Preview button before saving, to ensure that everything looks good. Creating a new article domain page is low-risk and is encouraged.

Adding a new reference section

You can add a new reference section at any time, by inserting a new section header and pasting a citation template from an article, or creating a new citation template for it. You can choose any section name that is unique on the page and complies with MOS:SECTIONS, however for ease of use, it is recommended that the section heading reflect the parameters of the {{sfn}} template needed to link to it, namely the last names of the first four authors plus the year, joined with blanks or hyphens, thus: "Doe-2018", or "Masters Johnson 1966". But if you prefer simpler section headings, you can use whatever you want as long as it is unique. Here is an example of a simple section heading for a citation that has three authors; the {{sfn}} still needs to list all three of them (i.e., {{sfn|Last1|Last2|Last3|2024}}), but the section name can be just Last1-2024 if it is unique.

If the citation template contains a |ref= param, such as might be the case when an author has multiple publications in the same year, then it is recommended to use the ref value as the section heading instead. For example, for |ref=Einstein1905d tagging his fourth publication that year, you could use section header "Einstein 1905d". The section name doesn't *have* to match the template params, that is just a suggestion for most cases; if a mnemonic name better brings to mind what citation is involved, then use that; for example, for Einstein's fourth paper in 1905, you could use a section header of "Einstein special relativity" instead of "Einstein 1905d" if desired. Again, anything unique is an acceptable section name.

Please keep sections in alphabetical order.

Use one citation per section

Generally speaking, it is recommended that a reference section should contain just one citation. There are exceptions, such as for books containing multiple, independently citable chapters defined by {{citec}} / {{harvc}}, where it may make the most sense to list the book citation via a {{cite book}} first, followed by one or more chapter templates for commonly cited chapters, keeping them all together in one section. See § Whitelisting unused chapters for how to deal with scripted warnings about uncited chapters that may appear in this case.

Adding comments to a section

You can add hatnotes, instructions, or other comments to a citation section by including them within paired <noinclude> ... </noinclude> tags. Some reasons to do this might be to:

• call attention to similarly named sections, such as at Royal-Tusa-2019
• give a reminder about how to code a short citation when there are multiple authors, e.g. at Pomey-2012
• provide special instructions, such as when a section has one source with multiple chapters, e.g. at Morrison-Gardiner-1995
• link an open-access, full-text version of the work available on-line; e.g., McCarthy-2023
• mention a more recent edition of the same title (e.g., Morrison-1968), or a translated work (Rougé-1981), and other reasons.

Using Reflib with inline citations

It is possible to use Reflib in an article that uses full inline citation style (instead of short citations), as long as the citation in question is alone within its section in the domain container.

Renaming or deleting a reference section

Renaming a section header of a reference on a library page, or deleting a section containing a reference will cause any articles transcluding those sections via the template to generate an sfn "no target" error from Module:Footnotes adjacent to any unlinked sfn's in the References section of the article where the short citations are generated. Before renaming or deleting a section, you should find all the articles that use that section, and update them as needed, using an Advanced search targeting the section in question.

Example: if you wish to delete or rename section § LastName, search for use of that section by going to Special:Search and pasting this search query:

hastemplate:Reflib insource:"LastName"

The search result page will list all articles using that section; these are the articles that will need to be updated if the section is renamed or removed.

Notes

Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (create | mirror) and testcases (create) pages.
Subpages of this template.

Citations for articles related to Ancient seafaring.

Citations

Adams-2013

Adams, Jonathan R. (2013). A Maritime Archaeology of Ships: Innovation and Social Change in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe: A Maritime Archaeology of Early Modern Europe. Oxford: Oxbow Books. ISBN 978-1-78297-047-7. OCLC 862401040.

Agius-2008

Agius, Dionisius A. (2008). Classic Ships of Islam: From Mesopotamia to the Indian Ocean. Handbuch der Orientalistik, 92. Leiden: Brill. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004158634.i-505. ISBN 978-90-474-2382-9. OCLC 760160337.

Ahrweiler-1966

Ahrweiler, Hélène (1966), Byzance et la mer. La marine de guerre, la politique et les institutions maritimes de Byzance aux VIIe–XVe siècles [Byzantium and the sea. Byzantium's navy, politics and maritime institutions in the 7th-15th centuries] (in French), Paris: Presses Universitaires de France

Anderson-1976

Anderson, Roger Charles (1976). Oared Fighting Ships: From Classical Times to the Coming of Steam. London: Argus Books. ISBN 0-85242-471-X.

Anderson-2010

Anderson, Atholl (2010). "The origins and development of seafaring: Towards a global approach". In A. Atholl; J. Barrett; K. Boyle (eds.). The global origins and development of seafaring. McDonald Institute monographs. McDonald Institute of Archeological Research. ISBN 978-1-902937-52-6. OCLC 764538736.

Bagnall-1999

Bagnall, Nigel (1999). The Punic Wars: Rome, Carthage and the Struggle for the Mediterranean. London: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0-7126-6608-4.

Basch-2001

Basch, Lucien (2001). "La voile latine, son origine, son évolution et ses parentés arabes [The Latin sail, its origins, evolution, and Arab relatives]". In Tzalas, H. (ed.). Tropis VI, 6th International Symposium on Ship Construction in Antiquity, Lamia 1996 proceedings (in French). Athens: Hellenic Institute for the Preservation of Nautical Tradition. pp. 55–85.

Bass-1972

Bass, George F., ed. (1972). A History of Seafaring Based on Underwater Archaeology. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0500010773. OCLC 641632.

Bellwood-2007

Bellwood, Peter; Cameron, Judith; Van Viet, Nguyen; Van liem, Bui (March 2007). "Ancient Boats, Boat Timbers, and Locked Mortise‐and‐Tenon Joints from Bronze/Iron‐Age Northern Vietnam". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 36 (1): 2–20. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.2006.00128.x. ISSN 1057-2414. OCLC 5155484525.

Campbell-1995

Campbell, I.C. (1995), "The Lateen Sail in World History" (PDF), Journal of World History, 6 (1): 1–23, archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-04

Casson-1966

Casson, Lionel (1966). "Galley Slaves". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. 97: 35–44. doi:10.2307/2936000. ISSN 0065-9711. JSTOR 2936000. OCLC 5548696312.

Casson-1971

A more recent edition of this work is below at § Casson-1995.

Casson, Lionel (1971). Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691035369. OCLC 141594.

Casson-1991

Casson, Lionel (1991). The Ancient Mariners: Seafarers and Sea Fighters of the Mediterranean in Ancient Times (2nd ed.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-01477-7. OCLC 1153575745.

Casson-1994

Casson, Lionel (1994). Ships and Seafaring in Ancient Times. University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292711624. OCLC 988064284.

Casson-1995

Casson, Lionel (1995). Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-5130-0. OCLC 476077701.

Catsambis-2011

Note: This citation includes individually citable chapters. To cite them, use {{sfn|Carlson|2011}} or {{sfn|Delgado|2011}}.

Catsambis, Alexis; Ford, Ben; Hamilton, Donny L., eds. (2011). The Oxford Handbook of Maritime Archaeology. OUP. ISBN 978-0-19-537517-6. OCLC 639940479.

• Carlson, Deborah N. "17. The Seafarers and Shipwrecks of Ancient Greece and Rome". In Catsambis, Ford & Hamilton (2011), pp. 379–405.
• Delgado, James P. "Ships on Land". In Catsambis, Ford & Hamilton (2011), pp. 182–191.

Charles-2005

Charles, Michael (2005). "Transporting the Troops in Late Antiquity: Naves Onerariae, Claudian and the Gildonic War". Classical Journal. 100 (3). Johns Hopkins University Press: 275–299. ISSN 0009-8353. JSTOR 4133022.

Coates-2000

Coates, John F. (2000). The Athenian Trireme (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Curry-2012

Curry, Andrew (2012). "The Weapon That Changed History". Archaeology. 65 (1): 32–37. JSTOR 41780760.

Dear-Kemp-2007

Dear, I. C. B; Kemp, Peter, eds. (2007). The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-172750-4. OCLC 894628762.

De Graeve-1981

De Graeve, Marie-Christine (1981). The Ships of the Ancient Near East (c. 2000-500 B.C.). Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta, 7. Leuven: Departement Oriëntalistiek. ISBN 978-9070-19207-5. ISSN 0777-978X. OCLC 8952663.

de Souza-2008

de Souza, Philip (2008). "Naval Forces". In Sabin, Philip; van Wees, Hans & Whitby, Michael (eds.). The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare, Volume 1: Greece, the Hellenistic World and the Rise of Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 357–367. ISBN 978-0-521-85779-6.

Dolley-1948

Dolley, R. H. (1948), "The Warships of the Later Roman Empire", The Journal of Roman Studies, 38 (1–2), Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies: 47–53, doi:10.2307/298170, JSTOR 298170, S2CID 162710370

Foley-Soedel-1981

Foley, Vernon; Soedel, Werner (April 1981). "Ancient oared warships". Scientific American. 244 (4): 116–129. Bibcode:1981SciAm.244d.148F. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0481-148.

Goldsworthy-2006

Goldsworthy, Adrian (2006). The Fall of Carthage: The Punic Wars 265–146 BC. London: Phoenix. ISBN 978-0-304-36642-2. OCLC 162111692.

Greenhill-1995

Greenhill, Basil; Morrison, J. S. (1995). The archaeology of boats & ships : an introduction. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 9781557500397. OCLC 34535815.

Haldon-1999

Haldon, John (1999). Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World, 565–1204. Warfare and history. London: UCL Press. doi:10.4324/9780203500873. ISBN 1-85728-495-X. OCLC 52713008.

Harpster-2005

Harpster, Matthew B. (April 2005). "Dowels as a Means of Edge-to-Edge Joinery in the 9th-century AD Vessel from Bozburun, Turkey". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 34 (1): 88–94. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.2005.00046.x. ISSN 1057-2414. OCLC 5155481596.

Hattendorf-2003

Note: This citation includes individually citable chapters. To cite them, use {{sfn|Glete|2003}}, {{sfn|Pryor|2003}}, and so on.

Hattendorf, John B.; Unger, Richard W., eds. (2003). War at Sea in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Warfare in history. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-903-6. OCLC 184696682.

• Dotson, John. "Venice, Genoa and Control of the Seas in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries". In Hattendorf & Unger (2003), pp. 109–136.
• Glete. "Naval Power and Control of the Sea in the Baltic in the Sixteenth Century". In Hattendorf & Unger (2003), pp. 215–232.
• Pryor, John H. "Byzantium and the Sea: Byzantine Fleets and the History of the Empire in the Age of the Macedonian Emperors, c. 900–1025 CE". In Hattendorf & Unger (2003), pp. 83–104.

Hau-2016

Hau, Lisa Irene (2016). Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-1107-3.

Hoyos-2015

Note: This citation includes individually citable chapters. To cite them, use {{sfn|Erkamp|2015}} or {{sfn|Mineo|2015}}, etc.

Hoyos, Dexter, ed. (2015) [2011]. A Companion to the Punic Wars. Blackwell companions to the ancient world. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley. ISBN 978-1-1190-2550-4. OCLC 908285899.

• Erdkamp, Paul. "Manpower and Food Supply in the First and Second Punic Wars". In Hoyos (2015), pp. 58–76.
• Mineo, Bernard. "Principal Literary Sources for the Punic Wars (apart from Polybius)". In Hoyos (2015), pp. 111–127.
• Rankov, Boris. "A War of Phases: Strategies and Stalemates". In Hoyos (2015), pp. 149–166.

Lazenby-1996

Lazenby, John Francis (1996). The First Punic War: A Military History. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2673-6.

Lewis-Runyan-1985

Lewis, Archibald Ross; Runyan, Timothy J. (1985), European Naval and Maritime History, 300–1500, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, ISBN 0-253-20573-5, OCLC 11757337

MacGeorge-2002

MacGeorge, Penny (2002), "Appendix: Naval Power in the Fifth Century", Late Roman Warlords (thesis), Oxford classical monographs, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-925244-2, OCLC 50334028

Makrypoulias-1995

Makrypoulias, Christos G. (1995). "The Navy in the Works of Constantine Porphyrogenitus". Graeco-Arabica (6). Athens: 152–171.

Mark-2008

Mark, Samuel (2008). "The Earliest Naval Ram". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 37 (2): 253–272. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.2008.00182.x. ISSN 1057-2414. OCLC 5155486383. S2CID 161810550.

Marsden-1967

Marsden, Peter Richard Valentine (1967). A Ship of the Roman Period: From Blackfriars, in the City of London. London: Guildhall Museum. OCLC 3465878.

Marsden-1976

Marsden, Peter (February 1976). "A Boat of the Roman Period Found at Bruges, Belgium, in 1899, and Related Types". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 5 (1): 23–55. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.1976.tb00935.x. ISSN 1057-2414. OCLC 5155488153.

McGrail-2014

McGrail, Sean (2014). Early ships and seafaring : European water transport. South Yorkshire, England: Pen and Sword Archaeology. ISBN 9781473847996. OCLC 1473847990.

McGrail-2015

McGrail, Seán (September 2015). "Hornell, Hasslöf and Boatbuilding Sequences". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 44 (2): 382–387. doi:10.1111/1095-9270.12116. ISSN 1057-2414. OCLC 5867052839. S2CID 161168797.

McGrail-2023

McGrail, Seán (2023) [1992:OUP]. Boats of the world: from the stone age to medieval times. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198144687.001.0001. ISBN 9781383004670. OCLC 1406786678 – via TWL/Oxford Academic.

Meijer-1986

Meijer, Fik (1986). A History of Seafaring in the Classical World. London; Sydney: Croom and Helm. ISBN 978-0-7099-3565-0.

Meijer-2014

Meijer, Fik (17 June 2014). A History of Seafaring in the Classical World. Routledge revivals. Abingdon, Oxon.: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-70110-1. OCLC 881571537.

Meijer-Sleeswyk-1996

Meijer, Fik; Sleeswyk, André Wegener (1996). "On the Construction of the 'Syracusia' (Athenaeus V. 207 A-B)". The Classical Quarterly. 46 (2). Cambridge University Press: 575–578. doi:10.1093/cq/46.2.575. ISSN 0009-8388. JSTOR 639813. OCLC 8271437281.

Miles-2011

Miles, Richard (2011). Carthage Must be Destroyed. London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-101809-6.

Milne-1996

Milne, Gustav (1996). "Blackfriars Ship 1: Romano‐Celtic, Gallo‐Roman or Classis Britannicae?". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 14 (3–4): 234–238. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.1996.tb00773.x. ISSN 1057-2414. OCLC 4934248627.

Morrison-1968

Note: a more recent edition or reprint of this work is below at § Morrison-1995.

Morrison, John S.; Williams, R. T. (1968). Greek Oared Ships: 900–322 BC. Cambridge University Press.

Morrison-1980

Morrison, John S.; National Maritime Museum (Great Britain). Warfare and Trade in the Mediterranean 3000 BC-500 AD. Ship, 2 (in French). London: H.M. Stationery Office. ISBN 9780112903116. OCLC 7731021.

Morrison-1995

Morrison, John S.; Williams, R. T. (1995). Greek Oared Ships: 900–322 BC. Bloomington, Indiana: David Brown Book Co. OCLC 62913427.

Morrison-Coates-2016

Morrison, John S.; Coates, John F. (2016). Greek and Roman Oared Warships 399–30 B.C. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9781785704017. OCLC 8183635058.

Morrison-Coates-Rankov-2000

Morrison, John S.; Coates, John F.; Rankov, N. B. (2000) [1986]. The Athenian trireme : the history and reconstruction of an ancient Greek warship (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56419-0. OCLC 42683057.

Morrison-Gardiner-1995

Note: This citation includes individually citable chapters. To cite them, use {{sfn|Casson|1995}}, {{sfn|Rankov|1995}}, and so on.

Morrison, John S; Gardiner, Robert, eds. (1995). The Age of the Galley: Mediterranean Oared Vessels Since Pre-Classical Times. London: Conway Maritime. ISBN 0-85177-554-3. OCLC 32117584.

• Casson, Lionel (1995b). "Merchant Galleys". In Morrison & Gardiner (1995), pp. 117–126.
• Coates, John F. "The Naval Architecture and Oar Systems of Ancient Galleys". In Morrison & Gardiner (1995), pp. 127–141.
• Dotson, John E. "Economics and Logistics of Galley Warfare". In Morrison & Gardiner (1995), pp. 218–223.
• Hocker, Frederick M. "Late Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic Galleys and Fleets". In Morrison & Gardiner (1995), pp. 86–100.
• Morrison, John S. "Hellenistic Oared Warships 399-31 BC". In Morrison & Gardiner (1995), pp. 66–77.
• Pryor, John H. "From Dromōn to Galea: Mediterranean Bireme Galleys AD 500–1300". In Morrison & Gardiner (1995), pp. 101–116.
• Rankov, Boris. "Fleets of the Early Roman Empire, 31 BC–AD 324". In Morrison & Gardiner (1995), pp. 78–85.
• Wachsmann, Shelley. "Paddled and Oared Ships Before the Iron Age". In Morrison & Gardiner (1995), pp. 10–25.

Murray-2011

Murray, William M. (2011). The Age of Titans: The Rise and Fall of the Great Hellenistic Navies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-993240-5. OCLC 900200567.

Nantet-2020

Nantet, Emmanuel, ed. (22 July 2020). Sailing from Polis to Empire: Ships in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Hellenistic Period. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers. doi:10.11647/OBP.0167. ISBN 9781783746965. OCLC 1183399883.

Palmer-1985

Palmer, Colin (1985). "Measurements of the comparative performance of sailing rigs". Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics. 19 (13): 311–333. doi:10.1016/0167-6105(85)90067-4. ISSN 0167-6105. OCLC 4930307597.

Palmer-2009

Palmer, Colin (September 2009). "Windward sailing capabilities of ancient vessels". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 38 (2): 314–330. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.2008.00208.x. ISSN 1057-2414. OCLC 5155431019.

Polzer-2011

Polzer, Mark E. (8 September 2011). "16. Early Shipbuilding in the Eastern Mediterranean". In Catsambis, Alexis; Ford, Ben; Hamilton, Donny L. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Maritime Archaeology. OUP USA. pp. 349–378. ISBN 9780195375176. OCLC 639940479.

Pomey-2006

Pomey, Patrice (2006). "The Kelenderis Ship: A Lateen Sail". The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 35 (2): 326–329. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.2006.00111.x. S2CID 162300888.

Pomey-2012

May be cited using: {{sfn|Pomey|Kahanov|Rieth|2012|pp=...}}.

Pomey, Patrice; Kahanov, Yaacov; Rieth, Eric (September 2012). "Transition from Shell to Skeleton in Ancient Mediterranean Ship-Construction: analysis, problems, and future research". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 41 (2): 235–314. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.2012.00357.x. ISSN 1057-2414. OCLC 5153727882.

Pomey-Boetto-2019

Pomey, Patrice; Boetto, Giulia (2019). "Ancient Mediterranean Sewn‐Boat Traditions". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 48 (1). Taylor & Francis: 5–51. doi:10.1111/1095-9270.12337. ISSN 1057-2414.

Prag-2013

Prag, Jonathan (2013). "Rare Bronze Rams Excavated from Site of the Final Battle of the First Punic War". University of Oxford media site. University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 2013-10-01. Retrieved 2014-08-03.

Pryor-2006

Pryor, John H.; Jeffreys, Elizabeth M. (2006). The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204. Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-15197-0.

Pulak-2016

Pulak, Cemal (2016). "7. Mortise and Tenon Joints of Bronze Age Seagoing Ships". In Beltrame, Carlo (ed.). Boats, Ships and Shipyards: Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Boat and Ship Archaeology, Venice 2000 (Conference proceedings). Oxford: Oxbow Books. ISBN 978-1-78570-461-1. OCLC 984692503.

Rodgers-1964

Rodgers, William L. (1964) [1937]. Greek and Roman Naval Warfare: A Study of Strategy, Tactics, and Ship Design from Salamis (480 B.C.) to Actium (31 B.C.). Naval Classics Library. Annapolis, Md.: United States Naval Institute. ISBN 9780870212260. OCLC 123959.

Rougé-1981

Note: This is the 1981 English translation of the original 1975 French title La marine dans l'Antiquité.

Rougé, Jean (1981) [1975:PUF, Paris La marine dans l'Antiquité]. Ships and Fleets of the Ancient Mediterranean. Translated by Frazer, Susan. Wesleyan University Press.

Royal-Tusa-2019

Not to be confused with § Tusa-Royal-2012.

Royal, Jeffrey G.; Tusa, Sebastiano, eds. (2019). The Site of the Battle of the Aegates Islands at the End of the First Punic War. Fieldwork, Analyses and Perspectives, 2005–2015. Bibliotheca Archaeologica. Vol. 60. L'Erma di Bretschneider. ISBN 978-88-913-1835-0.

RPM Foundation-2020

Use: {{sfn|RPM Foundation|2020}}

"Battle of the Egadi Islands Project". RPM Nautical Foundation. 2020.

Saddington-2007

Saddington, D.B. (2007). "Classes. The Evolution of the Roman Imperial Fleets". In Erdkamp, Paul (ed.). A Companion to the Roman Army. Blackwell companions to the ancient world. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 201–217. ISBN 978-1-4051-2153-8. OCLC 65197913.

Sargent-1927

Sargent, Rachel L. (1927). "The Use of Slaves by the Athenians in Warfare". Classical Philology. 22 (3): 201–212. doi:10.1086/360887. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 263517. OCLC 9970723013. S2CID 162291797.

Shutt-1938

Shutt, Rowland (1938). "Polybius: A Sketch". Greece & Rome. 8 (22): 50–57. doi:10.1017/S001738350000588X. JSTOR 642112. S2CID 162905667.

Sidwell-Jones-1997

Sidwell, Keith C.; Jones, Peter V. (1997). The World of Rome: An Introduction to Roman Culture. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-38600-5.

Slayton-2018

Slayton, Emma Ruth (2018). Seascape corridors : modeling routes to connect communities across the Caribbean Sea. Leiden: Sidestone Press. ISBN 978-90-8890-578-0. OCLC 1036752700.

Sleeswyk-1980

Sleeswyk, A. W. (1980). "Phoenician joints, coagmenta punicana". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 9 (3). Taylor & Francis: 243–244. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.1980.tb01303.x. ISSN 1057-2414. OCLC 5155493004.

Starr-1960

Starr, Chester G. (1960) [1941:Cornell University Press], The Roman Imperial Navy: 31 B.C.–A.D. 324 (2nd ed.), Cambridge, UK: W. Heffer, OCLC 4934954

Starr-1989

Starr, Chester G. (1989). The Influence of Sea Power on Ancient History. New York: OUP. ISBN 9780195056662. OCLC 17875692.

Steffy-1975

Steffy, J. Richard (October 1975). "Nautical Archaeology Construction Techniques of Ancient Ships". Naval Engineers Journal. 87 (5). Wiley Online Library: 85–91. doi:10.1111/j.1559-3584.1975.tb03773.x. ISSN 0028-1425. OCLC 5153644294 – via The Wikipedia Library.

Steffy-1994

Steffy, J. Richard (1994). Wooden ship building and the interpretation of shipwrecks. Texas A & M University Press. ISBN 9780890965528. OCLC 28633137.

Tipps-1985

Tipps, G.K. (1985). "The Battle of Ecnomus". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 34 (4): 432–465. JSTOR 4435938.

Torr-1895

Note: this is the original, 1895 edition, with full-text readability. More recent editions exist, such as from Argonaut (1964) (OCLC 570336).

Torr, Cecil. Ancient ships. Cambridge University Press. OCLC 185492248.

Tusa-Royal-2012

Not to be confused with § Royal-Tusa-2019.

Tusa, Sebastiano; Royal, Jeffrey (2012). "The landscape of the naval battle at the Egadi Islands (241 B.C.)" (PDF). Journal of Roman Archaeology (in Italian and English). 25. Cambridge University Press: 7–48. doi:10.1017/S1047759400001124. ISSN 1047-7594. S2CID 159518193. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2020.

Walbank-1990

Walbank, F.W. (1990). Polybius. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-06981-7.

Wallinga-1956

Wallinga, Herman (1956). The Boarding-bridge of the Romans: Its Construction and its Function in the Naval Tactics of the First Punic War. Groningen: J.B. Wolters. OCLC 458845955.

Ward-2010

Ward, Cheryl (2010). "From River to Sea: Evidence for Egyptian Seafaring Ships". Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections. 2 (3). U of Arizona: 41–49. doi:10.2458/azu_jaei_v02i3_ward. OCLC 7377805286.

Ward-2016

Ward, Cheryl (12 May 2016). "Seafaring in Ancient Egypt". Abgadiyat. 11 (11). Bibliotheca Alexandrina: 150–159. doi:10.21608/abgad.2016.56698. OCLC 8165149377.

Ward-Zazzaro-2010

Ward, Cheryl; Zazzaro, Chiara. "Evidence for Pharaonic Seagoing Ships at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis, Egypt". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 39 (1): 27–43. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.2009.00229. ISSN 1057-2414. OCLC 5151467090.

Warmington-1993

Warmington, Brian Herbert (1993) [1960]. Carthage. New York: Barnes & Noble. ISBN 978-1-56619-210-1.

Warry-2004

Warry, John (2004). Warfare in the Classical World. Salamander Books Ltd. ISBN 0-8061-2794-5.

Welsh-1988

Welsh, Frank (1988). Building the Trireme. London: Constable and Company Limited. ISBN 9780094668805.

Whitewright-2007

Whitewright, Julian (2007). "How fast is fast? Technology, trade and speed under sail in the Roman Red Sea" (PDF). BAR International Series, 1661, 2007. Society for Arabian Studies Monographs No. 5. Oxford: Archaeopress: 77–87. ISBN 978-1-4073-0097-9. ISSN 0143-3067. OCLC 210361355.

Whitewright-2008

Whitewright, Julian (2008). Maritime technological change in the ancient Mediterranean : the invention of the lateen sail (doctoral thesis). University of Southampton. OCLC 1406017341.

Whitewright-2009

Whitewright, Julian (2009). "The Mediterranean Lateen Sail in Late Antiquity". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 38 (1): 97–104. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.2008.00213. ISSN 1057-2414. OCLC 5155429549.

Whitewright-2011

Whitewright, Julian (March 2011). "The Potential Performance of Ancient Mediterranean Sailing Rigs". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. Society for Arabian Studies Monographs #5. 40 (1). Oxford: Archaeopress: 2–17. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.2010.00276.x. ISSN 1057-2414. OCLC 5154378642.

Whitewright-2012

Whitewright, Julian (1 April 2012). "Technological Continuity and Change: The Lateen Sail of the Medieval Mediterranean". Al-Masāq: Islam and the Medieval Mediterranean. 24 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1080/09503110.2012.655580. ISSN 0950-3110. OCLC 10276077002.

Whitewright-2018

Whitewright, Julian (March 2018). "Sailing and Sailing Rigs in the Ancient Mediterranean: Implications of Continuity, Variation and Change in Propulsion Technology". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 47 (1): 28–44. doi:10.1111/1095-9270.12278. ISSN 1057-2414. OCLC 7318885446.