Hubert Marshal Butler (2 October 1900 – 5 January 1991) was an Anglo-Irish essayist who wrote on a wide-range of topics, from local history and archaeology to the political and religious affairs of eastern Europe before and during World War II.[1]
Early life
Born at the family home Maiden Hall outside the village of Bennettsbridge in County Kilkenny, Ireland, Butler graduated in 1922 from St John's College, Oxford, where he studied classics. After being recruited by Sir Horace Plunkett to work for the Irish County Libraries from graduation until 1926, Butler later travelled extensively in Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia, Macedonia and Montenegro before working with the Quakers in Vienna expediting the escape of Jews after the Anschluss.
Upon the death of his father in 1941, Butler inherited Maidenhall and returned to live with his family in the house on the banks of the River Nore until his death in 1991. His wife, Susan Margaret — usually referred to as Peggy — was sister of the theatre director Tyrone Guthrie and the moving force behind foundation of the Kilkenny Art Gallery Society.
Historian and author
Butler sought to encourage understanding of Irish social and political history through study of the land, the people and the primary source materials. He was a co-reviver of the Kilkenny Archaeological Society and through it promoted Catholic-Protestant reconciliation. Always stylish and subtle, his writing used local events as parables for the politics and pressures that accompanied the emergence of the Irish state. His book Ten Thousand Saints was a virtuoso performance, concluding with a theory that the apparently absurd legends of Irish prehistory and theology could provide evidence of the migration of Iron-age tribes around Europe. He illustrated the point by reference to local history and scholarship. Having argued that the saints of Ireland were disguised personifications of the tribes and political factions of Iron-age Ireland, he went on to suggest that the Old Testament could be the same for Jewish prehistory.
After giving a broadcast talk in 1946 about Yugoslavia he was publicly criticised for failing to mention the alleged suffering of Catholics under Josef Broz Tito's regime. He responded by trying to draw attention to another matter he had avoided in his radio talk, and which he saw as a greater scandal: the involvement of Catholic clergy with the Ustaša, a Nazi-installed puppet regime that had waged a genocidal crusade against non-Catholics in part of Yugoslavia during World War II. Butler's efforts in this respect earned him notoriety and public opprobrium in clerical Ireland to the extent that he felt obliged to leave the archaeological society he had played a big part in reviving.[2]
Butler was a keen market gardener as well as a writer and his circle of friends included the Mary Poppins creator Pamela Travers, the journalist Claud Cockburn, and the poet Padraic Colum. He believed strongly in the importance of the family and, as well as playing an active role in keeping his own extended family in touch, he was the founder of the Butler Society.
He is buried five miles from the family home at Ennisnag. The Kilkenny Art Gallery Society's Butler Gallery in Kilkenny Castle was named in honor of Hubert and Peggy.
Books
- Ten Thousand Saints: A Study in Irish and European Origins, Wellbrook Press (1972)
- The sub-prefect should have held his tongue, Allen Lane The Penguin Press (London 1990)
Translations
- Anton Chekhov, The Cherry Orchard. Intro. Tyrone Guthrie. London: H.F.W. Dane & Sons Ltd; Boston.: Baker’s Plays (1934)
- Leonid Leonov, The Thief. London: Martin Warburg (1931) New York: Vintage (1960)
Collected essays
Published by the Lilliput Press of Dublin
- Escape from the Anthill (1985)
- The Children of Drancy (1988)
- Grandmother and Wolf Tone (1990)
- In the Land of Nod (1996).
Published in US by Farrar, Straus and Giroux
- Independent Spirit (1997)
Published in France by Editions Anatolia
- L'Envahisseur est venu en Pantoufles (1995) with introduction by Joseph Brodsky
Published works about Hubert Butler
- Doctoral thesis by Robert B. Tobin, Oxford D.Phil, 2004: The minority voice: Hubert Butler, southern Protestantism and intellectual dissent, 1930-72.
- Chris Agee, ed. (2003). Unfinished Ireland: Essays on Hubert Butler. Irish Pages, in association with the Butler Society. ISBN 954425707.
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References
- ^ Essay Encyclopaedia
- ^ The sub-prefect should have held his tongue, Hubert Butler, Allen Lane The Penguin Press, London 1990 (pp 271-2, 279-280).