Pashkevil

A pashkvil (Template:Lang-he pl. pashkvilim פשקווילים) is a broadside or poster that has been situated on a public wall or location in an Orthodox Jewish community, and most commonly within Hareidi enclaves. Pashkvilim are sometimes distributed anonymously; however, many are posted with rabbinic endorsements or the name of an activist group appended to the bottom.

A Hareidi Jew reading pashkvilim on a wall in Mea Shearim

A pashkvil publicizing Neturei Karta's condemnation of those who associate with the “enemies of the Jewish people.” It was posted in response to the attendance of some of its members at an Iranian convened conference dedicated to Holocaust denial.

Function

The pashkvilim “make clear what is virtuous or acceptable behavior and what is not. They serve as expressive media that show what those who prepare and post as well as those who allow the poster to be displayed (the latter by attending to its meaning and not removing or covering it) consider to be acceptable or worthy of notice… The informed observer can thus use such signs as a window through which to glimpse what is appropriate behavior as well as what is on the mind of the community, its interests and concerns.” Given the unique sociological insight to be garnered from their study, Israel's National Library has begun to acquire private collections of pashkvilim to be preserved in a special section available for academic research.

Controversy

The authority of pashkvilim is subject to much dispute. The medium is frequently used as an anonymous means of publicly attacking or undermining a person or group (in violation of the Jewish laws of loshon hora), and even those that bear the names of leading Rabbis are often fraudulent.

Etymology

“The Yiddish word pashkvil was borrowed from the Polish paszkwil, which comes from the French pasquil or pasquille, which goes back to the French pasquin, which derives from the Italian pasquinata (whence English “pasquinade,” a satire or lampoon);” see Pasquino.

The word made its way "from Yiddish into the Hebrew of the Old Ashkenazi Yishuv in Jerusalem" and was consequently adopted by Modern Hebrew.

See also

• Street literature
• Pashkevil Collection in the National Library of Israel (Hebrew)
• Moshe Koppel