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Nova (Richard Rider)

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For other comic book characters named Nova, see Nova (comics).

Template:Cosmic Marvel Nova (Richard Rider) is a fictional comic book superhero appearing in books published by Marvel Comics, historically as the star of his own series, and at other times, as a supporting character in team books such as The New Warriors. He is a member of the intergalactic police force known as the Nova Corps, for which he gained superhuman abilities including enhanced strength, flight and resistance to injury.

Nova
Promotional cover art to Nova #1 (2007).
Art by Adi Granov.
Publication information
PublisherMarvel Comics
First appearanceNova #1 (September 1976)
Created byMarv Wolfman
John Buscema
In-story information
Alter egoRichard Rider
SpeciesHuman
Place of originEarth
Team affiliationsUnited Front
New Warriors
Defenders
Champions of Xandar
Secret Avengers
Nova Corps
Notable aliasesNova Prime, Kid Nova, Nova #11249-44396, The Human Rocket, Quasar
Abilities
  • Flight
  • Superhuman strength, speed, and durability
  • Expert hand to hand combatant
  • Currently in possession, via download, of the Xandarian Worldmind which allows him near infinite control over the Nova Force granting energy projection and absorption
  • Ability to exert influence over gravitational forces and open wormholes

In May 2011, Nova placed 98th on IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time.[1]

Publication history

The character was created by Marv Wolfman and Len Wein in the fanzine Super Adventures in 1966. Seven years later John Romita, Sr. tweaked the design of the character's uniform.[2] Nova debuted in Nova #1 in 1976, written by Wolfman and drawn by John Buscema. Wolfman intended the teenage character to be an homage to Stan Lee and Steve Ditko's Spider-Man, down to his humble working-class roots and alliterative alter-ego.[3] The original Nova series, The Man Called Nova,[4] lasted 25 issues from September 1976 to May 1979. Dangling plot lines were resolved in issues 206-214 of Fantastic Four (also by Wolfman) and issue 24 of Rom the Spaceknight. The character then disappeared into obscurity until returning as a member of the original New Warriors team debuting in The Mighty Thor #411 (December 1989), and continuing through New Warriors #1-75, Annual #1-4 (July 1990—September 1996).

Following two subsequent Nova titles, Nova vol. 2 #1-18 (Jan 94 - June 95) and Nova, The Human Rocket vol. 3 #1-7 (May - Nov 1999), Nova would return in New Warriors vol. 2 #0-10 (October 1999—July 2000) and New Warriors vol. 3 #1-6 (July 2005 - December 2005). After a four issue miniseries titled Annihilation: Nova and a leading role in Annihilation 1-6, a fourth volume of Nova ran for 36 issues (April 2007 - April 2010).[5][6] This series tied into Annihilation: Conquest, Secret Invasion, and War of Kings. After the cancellation of volume four, some remaining plot threads were addressed in The Thanos Imperative, a six-issue miniseries with two bookend one-shots (May 2010 - Feb 2011).

Nova appeared as a member of the Secret Avengers during the first four issues of that team's eponymous series (May - Aug 2010).[7]

The character will appear in a Guardians of the Galaxy storyline beginning in August 2014.[8]

Fictional character biography

Original series

 
Cover to Nova #1.
Art by Rich Buckler & Joe Sinnott.

When the last surviving member of the planet Xandar's elite Nova Corps, Rhomann Dey, is dying, he selects New York City high school student Richard Rider to replace him.[9] Rider is given the uniform and powers of a Nova Centurion but little instruction on how to use them. Calling himself Nova, Rider becomes a superhero, fighting costumed supervillains such as Condor, Powerhouse,[10] Diamondhead,[11] the Corruptor,[12] and the Sphinx,[13] and teaming with heroes such as Spider-Man[14] and Thor. He initially hides his identity, but later reveals it to his family.[15]

Rider discovers Dey's space ship orbiting Earth and uses it to journey to Xandar with Doctor Sun, Powerhouse, Comet, and Crimebuster and the Sphinx,[16] where they join Xandar's war against the Skrulls.[17] With the help of Rom the Space Knight, the Skrulls are defeated. Wanting to return to Earth, Rider is released from his duties on Xandar and relinquishes his powers.[18]

New Warriors

Upon his return to Earth, Rider struggles to readjust due to his failure to complete high school. Unknown to him, the planet Xandar is utterly destroyed in an attack by the space pirate Nebula.[19] With the help of Night Thrasher, Rider regains his powers joins the New Warriors superhero team,[20] where he becomes close friends with Speedball. Richard briefly dated Yale student Laura Dunham and teammate Namorita.[21][22]

 
Cover to New Warriors (vol. 1) #75.
Pencils by Patrick Zircher.

Rider encounters Garthan Saal, a former Nova Corps Centurion who had been driven insane by absorbing too much Nova Force, the source of power for Nova Centurions. Saal is seeking more power so he can restore Xandar to its former glory, he strips Rider of his powers and transports Rider to Xandar. Rider witnesses the reformation of the Nova Corps and receives the rank of Centurion Prime.[23]

Assigned to Earth, Rider is confronted with the challenge of balancing dual lives as a member of both the Nova Corps as well as the New Warriors. Rider encounters a Nova Corps member from an alternate timeline named Nova 0:0[24] who prepares him to stop the Deathstorm, which is coming to destroy Earth. Because Rider defies Xandar's Queen Adora to stop the Deathstorm,[25] he is temporarily stripped of his powers and rank,ref>Nova vol. 2, #17-18</ref> but given back his poweres when his replacement sacrifices himself.[26]

Annihilation

Nova briefly travels the US with the reformed New Warriors as part of a reality television show.[27] Rider leaves the group when he is summoned to Xandar alongside the entire Nova Corps, which has been fully mobilized to respond to the Annihilation Wave, a force from the Negative Zone led by Annihilus. The wave decimates Xandar and the corps in a surprise attack. [28] As the only surviving centurion, Rider makes contact with the Xandarian Worldmind, a living supercomputer that is the regulator of the Nova Force and caretaker of the entire collective database of Xandarian civilization. Worldmind uploads itself and the entire Nova Force into Rider, greatly enhancing his abilities.[29] During the Annihilation War, Rider takes command of the United Front, a loose collaboration of soldiers. In a nearly year-long campaign, Rider tries to resist the Wave's advance across the galaxy until the United Front suffers a swift defeat. He leads a small team into the Wave's conquered territory, with the intention of assassinating Annihilus. Rider eventually engages Annihilus in personal combat, killing him.[30]

After the Annihilation War, Rider returns to Earth to rest. Angry that his pleas for help in the Annihilation War were ignored by Earth's superheroes because of a Civil War and feeling out of place on earth, Rider returns to space.[31]

Post-Annihilation

Attempting to aid the Kree against an assault from the Phalanx, Rider is wounded and crash lands on a sparsely populated Kree outpost.[32] While Rider's unconscious body recovered, Worldmind deputized a local commander, Ko Rel, to guard him. Rider is infected by the transmode virus and joins the Phalanx.[33] Now tasked with killing Rider before the Worldmind falls into enemy hands, Ko-Rel attacks him, only to be killed by Gamora in retaliation. Upon her death, her fraction of the Nova force returns to Rider and enables him to overcome the transmode virus. He flees Kree space pursued by Gamora and a Phanlanx-controlled Drax.[34] Seeking a cure for the transmode virus, Rider eventually arrives on Kvch, home planet of the Technarchy. Rider enlists the help of the mutant Warlock and his son Tyro, who cure Rider, Drax, and Gamora of the transmode virus. The five return to Hala to engage the Phalanx.[35][36]

When ambushed by some Skrulls during the Secret Invasion storyline, Rider is aided by Kl'rt. He learns about the Secret Invasion and heads for Earth.[37] Rider learns that Project Pegasus, the base where his brother now works, is under Skrull attack. Working with Darkhawk, Rider successfully stops the Skrulls' advance. The scientists of the facility extract the Worldmind from his brain and use the supercomputer to jump-start a project known as the quantum flask, which restores Quasar to life.[38] A Skrull warship is about to attack Project Pegasus but is destroyed by a band of alien Nova Centurions who then declare their allegiance to Rider.[39]

During the "War of Kings" storyline, Rider learns that Worldmind had been recruiting for the Corps without telling him. When he learns that Ego the Living Planet is among the new recruits,[40] he becomes enraged and tries to battle Worldmind. As a result, he is stripped of his rank and ejected from the Nova Corps.[15] Because his body has become dependent on the Nova Force, Rider will die if he is without it for too long.[41] As a temporary measure, he borrows the quantum bands from Wendall Vaughn and becomes Quasar.[42] Using his new abilities, Rider goes to rescue the Corps from the War of Kings. Ego is removed as a Centurian and Rider regains his Nova Prime status, but not before most of the new recruits were slaughtered by the Shi'ar Imperial Guard. Nova agrees to train the remaining new Centurions including his younger brother Robert.[43]

Nova is recruited for the Secret Avengers by Steve Rogers and sent to Mars to investigate Roxxon's operations on that planet. While there, Rider discovers a second Serpent Crown secreted there, only to fall under its influence until rescued by Rogers and his team of Avengers.[44] Shortly after this mission, Nova is called away to deal with the events of The Thanos Imperative and Steve Rogers confirms he has left the team.[45]

"Realm of Kings" and Thanos Imperative

In the "Realm of Kings" storyline, a lost Nova Corps ship appeared from a tear in space-time known as the Fault. Onboard was Zan Philo, a long-missing Nova centurion. Philo was assigned to train the probationers.[46] Later, Rider and Darkhawk found themselves inside the Fault, where they are called to do battle for the Sphinx against his younger self. Because of the unstable timestream inside the Fault, Nova was able to return with Namorita, his old girlfriend who had died a few years earlier.[47] Richard returned to Project Pegasus, where he confronts an alternate Quasar who came from the universe created by the Fault.[48]

Catching up to the alternate Quasar, Rider arrives back at the Fault just in time to see the Universal Church of Truth rip it wide open.[49] As Nova struggles to defend the Kree and Shi'ar warships against creatures inside the Fault, he receives assistance from Quasar and the Silver Surfer. They leave the battle, along with Gladiator, Ronan and Beta Ray Bill to chase down Lord Mar-Vell, the evil alternate version of Captain Marvel. After failing to stop Mar-Vell, Rider learns that the Guardians of the Galaxy need his help inside the Fault. Once there, Nova and the Guardians watch Thanos destroy Mar-Vell. Now facing an enraged Thanos, Rider pulls the Nova Force from the rest of the Corps for extra strength. He and Star-Lord are able to hold Thanos back for the few minutes it takes for the Fault to close, trapping all three of them in the Cancerverse; the alternate universe implodes and the Fault is sealed in the process, seemingly killing them all. Nova and Star-Lord receive a statue in their honor on Hala.[50]

Powers and abilities

Nova derives his powers from an energy source called the Nova Force which all Nova Corps Centurions wield. This energy was transferred by Xandarian technology to Rider by the Nova-Centurion Rhomann Dey. Nova's small measure of the Nova Force gives him superhuman powers including flight, superhuman strength, speed, and durability, as well as the power to absorb energy directed against him and release it as gravimetric pulses and beams, either from specific parts of his body or from his entire body. Nova is a good hand-to-hand combatant, and has been coached by Chord.[51]

Nova wears a standard Xandarian StarCorps uniform, designed to accommodate his powers without being damaged by them. The uniform is highly resistant to damage, including outer space conditions, and is airtight. In addition, the uniform has a built-in life support function that can sustain Rider under the most extreme environmental conditions, including acting as a life-support suit by locking off the mouth and eyes of the helmet. The helmet contains a radio telescopic sights, night vision sensors, and heat imaging sensors, as well as a visual heads-up display for tracking energy signatures. Nova's helmet has a rigid construction and shape when worn, but becomes as malleable as cloth when it is not, allowing Rider to hide it in his civilian clothes when desired. Nova's uniform is not only extremely malleable; it is also designed with specific weapons and functions to aid Rider in his role as a Nova Corps Centurion. Among these features are an electromagnetic discharge that can nullify gravity and access to StarGates that allow him to enter hyperspace, where he can move at velocities exceeding the speed of light. Rider can also alter the appearance and nature of his uniform to suit his needs. However, as Rider learns the hard way, the StarCorps keeps a strict dress code. When he makes major cosmetic changes to his uniform after rejoining the New Warriors, Nova is summarily ordered to conform to standard.[52]

During Annihilation, Rider's uniform is altered and enhanced to house the Xandarian Worldmind as well as the entire Nova Force, which was previously used by all members of the Nova Corps. With the Worldmind and the Nova Force, Rider possesses tremendously augmented strength and durability as well as nearly limitless quantities of energy. The Worldmind consists of the entire culture and history of Xandar as well as the individual minds of thousands of years of dead Xandarians. The consensus voice of the Worldmind can speak directly to Rider, helping him to control the nova force, fight enemies, sense energy, interface with electronics, and protect against psionic abilities. The Worldmind can also assume direct control of Rider's body when he is asleep.[53][54][55][56]

Reception and legacy

IGN ranked Nova as the 98th greatest comic book character, calling Nova a blend of Spider-Man and Green Lantern. They also stated that Nova experiences a growth into maturity through the Annihilation Wave storyline where Nova embraced his destiny as a premier defender of a battered galaxy.[57]

Other versions

Earth X

In the alternate future of Earth X, Nova resides in the afterlife. He and two other deceased heroes, Ms. Marvel and Star-Lord, lead an initial charge against Mephisto but are swiftly defeated.[volume & issue needed]

Marvel Zombies

Nova is featured in the Marvel Zombies edition Dead Days. Unable to overcome his fear and horror of the slaughter occurring around him, Nova fails to act in his own defense when Spider-Man attacks him. Fortunately for Nova, Daredevil intervenes but is bitten when Nova is too shocked to assist. He and The Mighty Thor are rescued by the Fantastic Four and united with the other surviving heroes on the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier. Nova panics further when Nick Fury formulates a desperate last stand defense, citing that this was nothing like previous global threats; and that the world was as good as dead. Regardless, Nova helps in the battle until he is bitten by Ms. Marvel.[volume & issue needed] As a zombie, he participates in a failed attack on Doctor Doom's castle, in an effort to get at the humans inside.[volume & issue needed] A zombie version of Nova can be seen in the Marvel Zombies limited series, being shredded by a hail of metal fragments hurled by Magneto.[volume & issue needed]

He is still mobile, as a zombie, when a swarm of zombies attack and attempt to consume the Silver Surfer. During the incident, Zombie Hulk crushes Zombie Hercules when the latter attempts to steal the Silver Surfer's head. Nova backs away, saying "On second thought, you keep that, big guy". He is later killed by the cosmic zombies.[58]

MC2

 
MC2 Nova's first appearance: Spider-Girl #7

Richard Rider appears frequently in the Spider-Girl series, which is set in an alternate future. The MC2 Nova (co-created by Tom DeFalco and Ron Frenz) first appeared in Spider-Girl #7 and wrongly believed Spider-Girl was a supervillain since she was fighting Darkdevil at the time. After a brief battle Nova later realizes his mistake.[59]

Over time, the MC2 Nova attempts to tutor Spider-Girl on the importance of being a superhero. His arrogance and lack of patience with younger heroes causes his lessons to be largely ignored. However, the fact that Nova was a founding member of the New Warriors gave Spider-Girl the inspiration to form a new MC2 version of the Warriors.[60]

By the time of the series, Nova has served as a temporary Avenger. He also appears in the Last Hero Standing and Avengers Next limited series. Nova also assisted in the battle against Galactus in Last Planet Standing.[volume & issue needed] The Nova in the MC2/Spider-Girl future is eventually confirmed to be Richard Rider in Avengers Next #2. His attitude toward Spider-Girl is often arrogant and dismissive, bordering on the contemptuous; but later he becomes impressed by her, after her surviving a battle against the Avengers' enemy Seth.[61]

Forever Yesterday

Nova appears as a member of a team of Avengers from a parallel reality where the Middle East is the dominant superpower. He serves the ruler of this dimension, the tyrannical female Sphinx. He is shown the truth of how the female Sphinx used the energy of the Ka Stone to reshape reality by the original Sphinx's former advisor Sayge. Nova betrays the Sphinx to join Marvel Man (Vance Astrovik) and Firestar of that world's Mutant Liberation Front as well as Night Thrasher whose parents were murdered in this reality on the orders of the Sphinx. When Nova threatens to murder the Sphinx's cat, she restores reality.[62]

Nova 0:0

The second Nova series Nova deals with Nova 0:0 who is much more adept at using his powers than Richard Rider. He often fights Nova in order to test him and to push Nova into using his powers in new ways. It is revealed that this Nova is in fact the alternate reality version of Richard's younger brother Robert. In that reality Robert gained the Nova Force powers instead of Richard and stayed behind to lead the Nova Corps and help Xandar rebuild after the war with the Skrulls. Robert's earth had been destroyed by the Deathstorm while he was off in space. Nova 0:0 would later sacrifice his life preventing the Deathstorm from destroying the 616-version of Earth. He died and was buried on Mars. In the fourth Nova series the Robert Rider of the 616-version of Earth also becomes a member of the Nova Corps (alongside various other humans and non-humans) and again proves capable of using his powers in ways his brother Richard had not.[63][64]

What If

An issue of What If? looks at what would have taken place if four different people had acquired the power of Nova:[65]

  • A young woman who had recently witnessed her husband being murdered by a random thief. Using the Nova powers, she unleashed a wave of vengeance on criminals as she searched for her husband's killer even throwing the Kingpin out of a window when he failed to provide her with the information she sought. Her enraged mind is unable to discriminate between good and evil as she attacks anyone who she perceives as hindering her quest. Nova's career culminates in a fight against the Fantastic Four. Recognizing that she cannot be allowed to take justice into her own hands even if she had mainly killed criminals, the team banishes her to the Negative Zone. After her departure, police discovered the body of her husband's killer in a car that had fallen into a river months ago.
  • A homeless man discovered the Nova costume after being thrown out of a hotel, and wore it for warmth, When he became caught up in a Skrull attack on Earth that coincidentally started at the orphanage where he was staying for the night on Christmas, the man donned the Nova costume and fought the Skrulls, culminating in him sacrificing himself to destroy the Skrull fleet.
  • Peter Parker, paralyzed in this reality due to the spider-bite that gave him his powers in the true Marvel Universe, is bitter at the world due to his useless legs and his Aunt May's death from shock after she first learned about his paralysis. When he acquired the Nova powers, Peter flew home to reveal his good fortune to his Uncle Ben, only to surprise the burglar when he was attempting to rob the house, resulting in the burglar's bullet ricocheting off the Nova armor and killing him. Stricken with grief at his role in a burglar's death, Peter throws the costume away vowing never to use it again, even as he discovers that he can walk again.
  • An unidentified man used the Nova powers to lead Earth's criminals in the conquest of Earth and destruction of the heroes only to be killed when Doctor Doom and Red Skull turned on him out of jealousy. This allowed Sphinx to take control of the Nova-Prime computer and use it to search the minds of the world for the meaning of his existence.

In What If? Annihilation, the Annihilation Wave reaches Earth in the climactic battle of the super hero Civil War. Nova is outraged the heroes are fighting over secret identities when such a massive threat is coming, revealing that in this world, Drax was unable to revive Galactus and thus the Wave continued its march, taking much of the Kree Empire along with Ronan and the Super-Skrull. The Wave hits Earth in a massive strike on multiple cities, the heroes and villains uniting to fight it off while sustaining massive casualties. With more of Annihilus' forces coming, this reality's Watcher tells the heroes that the Terminus device can be used to open a black hole to suck the fleet away. With the help of the Inhumans, they trick Annihilus into sending his forces toward the moon. Nova intends to stay and set the device off and Captain America and Iron Man volunteer to help him fight off the Wave to buy Earth time. The three sacrifice themselves to set off the device, sucking the Wave into the black hole and leaving Earth ravaged but still alive.

In other media

Television

  • The Richard Rider incarnation of Nova appears in a background cameo in the Silver Surfer episode "Learning Curve Part 1".
  • The Richard Rider incarnation of Nova appears in The Super Hero Squad Show episode "So Pretty When They Explode", voiced by Jason Marsden.

Video games

Toys

  • Nova received 2 different 6 inch figures in his original costume. One is located in the Holocaust series of Marvel Legends released in 2009. It was a Walmart exclusive. The other is from the Toy Biz Silver Surfer Series 3 figures from 1998 as a general release.
  • Nova was represented in his Nova Prime costume by Eaglemoss in the Classic Marvel Figurine Collection magazine. The 9.4 cm lead figure was released as number 54 in the series.
  • In 2012, Nova was included in the Marvel Universe 3 3/4" figure line in his Nova Prime costume.[68]
  • Nova Prime was a playable character in the Galactic Guardians set of Marvel Heroclix.[69]
  • Nova is included in Lego set 76005: Spider-Man: Daily Bugle Showdown,[70] released in 2013. This set also includes Lego versions of Spider-Man, Doctor Doom, Beetle and J. Jonah Jameson.
  • A 6" Nova Prime figure was announced at NY Toy Fair 2014 by Hasbro as part of the Guardians of the Galaxy movie toy line.[71]

Collected editions

Trade paperbacks include:

  • Essential Nova (collects Nova (vol. 1) #1-25, Marvel Two-In-One Annual #3, The Amazing Spider-Man #171, Essential Marvel, March 2006, ISBN 0-7851-2093-9)
  • The New Warriors
    • The New Warriors: Beginnings (collects Thor #411-412 and The New Warriors #1-4, September 1992, ISBN 0-87135-916-2)
    • New Warriors Classic: Volume 1 (collects The New Warriors (vol. 1) #1-6 and Thor #411-412, 208 pages, August 2009, ISBN 0-7851-3742-4)
    • New Warriors Classic: Volume 2 (collects The New Warriors (vol. 1) #7-10, Annual #1; New Mutants (Vol.1) Annual #7, Uncanny X-Men Annual #15 and X-Factor (Vol.1) Annual #6, 256 pages, May 2009, ISBN 0-7851-4263-0)
    • New Warriors: Reality Check (collects The New Warriors (vol. 3) #1-6, 144 pages, March 2006, ISBN 0-7851-1661-3)
  • Nova vol. 4 (by co-authors Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning, 2007-2010):
    • Volume 1 (hardcover, 328 pages, January 2009, ISBN 0-7851-3654-1):
      • Annihilation - Conquest (with pencils by Sean Chen and inks by Scott Hanna, collects Nova #1-7, 168 pages, December 2007, ISBN 0-7851-2631-7)
      • Knowhere (with pencils by Wellington Alves and inks by Wellington Diaz and Nelson Pereira, collects Nova #8-12 and Annual #1, 144 pages, August 2008, ISBN 0-7851-2632-5)
    • Secret Invasion (collects Nova #13-18, March 2009, ISBN 0-7851-2662-7)
    • Nova Corps (collects Nova #19-22, and "Nova: Origin of Richard Rider", 144 pages, May 2009, ISBN 0-7851-3188-4)
    • War of Kings (collects Nova #23-28, 144 pages, December 2009, ISBN 0-7851-4066-2)
    • Realm of Kings (collects Nova #29-36, 168 pages, softcover, June 2010, ISBN 0-7851-4067-0)

References

  1. ^ "IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes". Retrieved 2011-05-09.
  2. ^ Smith, pp.51–53
  3. ^ "Nova Newsline!" (letter column), Nova #6 (Marvel Comics, Feb. 1977): Reader Michael Biegel writes "Marv Wolfman approached the character of Richard Rider specially by introducing similarities between him and Peter Parker. . . " and the editor responds "We wanted to recapture the essence of Spider-Man with a totally different character."
  4. ^ Cover of Nova #1 (Marvel Comics, Sept. 1976)
  5. ^ Abnett & Lanning: On the Eve of Nova's Return to Monthly Fun, Comics Bulletin, April 9, 2007
  6. ^ Galactus, and Surfer and Skrulls - Oh My! Abnett & Lanning on Nova, Newsarama, April 10, 2008
  7. ^ JK Parkin (April 14, 2010). "And your Secret Avengers line-up is ..." Comic Book Resources. Retrieved April 16, 2010.
  8. ^ At Long Last, Learn How Star-Lord Survived the Cancerverse, Marvel.com
  9. ^ Nova #1
  10. ^ Nova #2
  11. ^ Nova #3
  12. ^ Nova #4
  13. ^ Nova #6-7, 10-11
  14. ^ Nova #12; Amazing Spider-Man #171
  15. ^ a b Nova #21
  16. ^ Nova #24-25
  17. ^ Fantastic Four #206, 208-209
  18. ^ Rom #24
  19. ^ Avengers #260
  20. ^ New Warriors vol 1 #1 (w)Fabian Nicieza (a)Mark Bageley (1990)
  21. ^ New Warriors Annual #2
  22. ^ New Warriors #31
  23. ^ New Warriors #40-42
  24. ^ Nova vol. 2, #4
  25. ^ Nova vol. 2, #16
  26. ^ New Warriors #75, September 1996
  27. ^ New Warriors vol. 3, #1-6
  28. ^ Annihilation: Prologue #1
  29. ^ Annihilation: Nova #1
  30. ^ Annihilation #1-6. Marvel Comics.
  31. ^ Nova vol. 4, #3, August 2007. Marvel Comics.
  32. ^ Nova vol. 4, #4
  33. ^ Nova vol. 4, #5. Marvel Comics.
  34. ^ Nova vol. 4, #6 - 7. Marvel Comics.
  35. ^ Nova vol. 4, #11 - 12. Marvel Comics.
  36. ^ Annihilation: Conquest #6. Marvel Comics.
  37. ^ Nova vol. 4, #16. Marvel Comics.
  38. ^ Nova vol. 4, #17. Marvel Comics.
  39. ^ Nova #18. Marvel Comics.
  40. ^ Nova #19-20
  41. ^ Nova #22. Marvel Comics.
  42. ^ Nova #24. Marvel Comics.
  43. ^ Nova #23-25. Marvel Comics.
  44. ^ Secret Avengers#1-6 (July-Dec. 2010). Marvel Comics.
  45. ^ Secret Avengers#7 (Jan. 2011). Marvel Comics.
  46. ^ Nova vol. 4 #30. Marvel Comics.
  47. ^ Nova vol.4 #32-35
  48. ^ Nova vol. 4 #36. Marvel Comics.
  49. ^ The Thanos Imperative: Ignition #1. Marvel Comics.
  50. ^ The Thanos Imperative #1-6. Marvel Comics.
  51. ^ New Warriors vol 1 #2
  52. ^ New Warriors vol 2 #9
  53. ^ Annihilation #2, November 2006. Marvel Comics.
  54. ^ Nova (vol. 4) #2, July 2007. Marvel Comics.
  55. ^ Nova (vol. 4) #3, August 2007
  56. ^ Nova (vol.4) #13, May 2008. Marvel Comics.
  57. ^ "Nova is number 98". Retrieved May 5, 2011.
  58. ^ Marvel Zombies #5 (December 2006)
  59. ^ Spider-Girl #7. Marvel Comics.
  60. ^ Spider-Girl #42. Marvel Comics.
  61. ^ Avengers Next #2. Marvel Comics.
  62. ^ New Warriors #11-13. Marvel Comics.
  63. ^ Nova vol 4 #27 (2009)
  64. ^ Nova 0:0 at The Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe
  65. ^ What If? (vol. 1) #15. Marvel Comics.
  66. ^ Brendan Sinclair. "GameSpot - Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 roster leaked". Comic-con.gamespot.com. Retrieved 2011-07-22.
  67. ^ "2014 Advance Pack".
  68. ^ DJ (2011-05-27). "SDCC 2011 – Hasbro Marvel Universe and Legends line refreshes". MU Review. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
  69. ^ More Galactic Guardian Heroclix Spoilers, Heroclixworld.com
  70. ^ Lego 76005: Spider-Man: Daily Bugle Showdown, brickset.com
  71. ^ Toy Fair 2014 LIVE Hasbro Marvel Products Presentation

Sources

  • Smith, Doug (2009). "Flashback: The Man Called Nova". Back Issue #33. Raleigh: Twomorrows. ISSN 1932-6904.
 
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