Monastic granges were outlying landholdings held by monasteries independent of the [Manorialism|manorial]] system. The first granges were owned by the Cistercians and other orders followed. Wealthy monastic houses had many granges most of which were largely agricultural providing food for the monastic houses. A grange might be established adjacent to the monastery but others were established wherever it held lands, some at a considerable distance. Some granges were worked by lay-brothers belonging to the order, others by paid labourers.[1]
Granges could be of six known types: agrarian, sheep or cattle farms, horse studs, fisheries and industrial complexes. Industrial granges were significant in the development of medieval industries, particularly iron working.[1]
Facilities
Granges were landed estates used for food production, centred on a farm and out-buildings and possibly a mill or a tithe barn. the word grange comes through French graunge from Latin granica meaning a granary.[2] The granges might be located at some distance. They could farm livestock or produce crops. Specialist crops might include apples, hops or grapes to make beverages. Some granges included fish-ponds to supply Friday meals to the monastery. The produce could sustain the monks and be sold for profit. While under monastic control, they might be run by a steward and worked by local farm labourers or perhaps lay brothers.
England
At the Dissolution of the Monasteries, all monastic land was seized by Henry VIII. The land were sold or . Granges often retained their names and many can still be found in the British landscape today.
See also
Notes
- ^ a b Historic England, "Iron mining shaft mounds and medieval earthworks south of Bentley Grange Farm (1005786)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 4 July 2017
- ^ OED: "grange"